Two way ANOVA

Homogeneity of variance is the assumption that: the sample variance is less than 1 the two populations have different variances the two populations have the same variance the population variance equals the sample variance the sample variance is greater than 1

two pops have same variance

When do we divide by N-1 in the variance formula? when we are calculating the variance of the sample as an estimate of the variance of the population when we are calculating the variance of the sample to describe the sample two of these when we are calculating the variance of the population as an estimate of the variance of the sample when we are calculating the variance of the population using all of the scores in the population

when we are calculating the variance of the sample as an estimate of the variance of the population

Which variance estimate is NOT affected by effect size? within estimate neither both between estimate

within

The critical values for t will always be ----------- the critical values for z: exactly the same as less extreme than exactly double more extreme than the inverse of

more extreme

Increasing alpha from .05 to .1 will increase which estimate of the variance in ANOVA both between within neither

neither

Increasing alpha from .05 to .1 will increase which estimate of the variance in ANOVA neither both between within

neither

Is an additive effect indicative of an interaction? yes/no

no

What measurement scale is type of dog training measured on? nominal ordinal ratio interval

nominal`

Which t-test should be used to test the following question: Are husbands or wives more likely to buy an iPhone 7? single t test none of these paired t-test independent t-test

none

Which t-test should be used to test the following question: Whether men or women are more likely to go to Chipotle for lunch on Friday independent t-test single-sample t-test none of these paired t-test

none

The number of possible main effects equals: the number of interactions the number of cells the number of factors the number of marginal means the number of DVs

number of factors

In a two-way analysis of variance, the degrees of freedom for each main effect are the total number of cells minus 1. the total number of scores in that row or column minus 2. the number of levels of the variable minus 1. the number of variables minus the total scores within the column or row. the number of cells minus the number of variables.

number of levels of the variable minus 1

An interaction effect in a two-way factorial design: is the effect of one variable that divides the groups, ignoring the influence of the other variable that divides the groups. occurs when the influence of one variable that divides the groups changes according to the level of the other variable that divides the groups. is rare in a well-designed study, and usually indicates some error in computation or execution. almost never occurs when more than one variable that divides the groups is considered at a time.

occurs when the influence of one variable that divides the groups changes according to the level of the other variable that divides the groups.

In a two-way factorial design, there can be a maximum of: two interactions and one main effect. one interaction and two main effects. two interactions and two main effects. one interaction and one main effect.

one interaction and two main effects

Do husbands or wives sleep longer at night? single paired none independent

paired

The sampling distribution of any test statistics is: pop. set sample

pop set

The F distribution is: normally distrubuted two of these negatively skewed positively skewed

positively skewed

Which type of test is more conservative? post hoc planned contrast

post hoc

The dependent variable for ANOVA should be on what scale ordinal ratio/interval nominal

ratio/interval

Which of these measures is measured in the original units? both neither variance standard deviation

stnd dev

The ____________ is the square root of the _____________.

stnd. dev. variance

How do we calculate difference scores for a paired t-test? subtract all of the scores from one condition from the matched scores in the other condition subtract each of the individual scores from the mean ubtract the mean from each of the individual scores subtract the mean of one condition from the mean of the other condition

subtract all of the scores from one condition from the matched scores in the other condition

Paired t-tests can be used when the data is correlated (not independent) because: all of these the same participants participate in both conditions he participants in the two conditions are matched on IQ the participants in the two conditions are roommates the participants in the two conditions are married

all of these

Which t-test should be used to analyze this data? A comparison of chemistry exam scores between men and women. independant single paired none

independent

Which test is more conservative? planned contrast independent t

independent t

To identify a descriptive main effect in a graph, we compare: cell means mariginal means

marginal means

How many distributions of mean differences are involved in an independent t-test? 0 1 2 n-1 n-2

0

How many dependent variables are in a 3 x 4 x 3 ANOVA? 1 2 36 3 10 at least 3

1

How many dependent variables are there in a 2 x 3 ANOVA design? 6 5 1 2 3

1

``In a one-way ANOVA, the number of null hypotheses is: 2 1 6 3

1

How many cells are there in a 5 x 2 ANOVA design? 10 2 1 3 7

10

How many cells are in a 3 x 2 x 3 ANOVA? 18 5 8 3 1

18

How many F ratios are calculated in a two-way analysis of variance? 2 1 one for each cell of the design 3

3

How many independent variables are in a 2 x 4 x 5 ANOVA? 11 impossible to tell from the information given 1 40 2 3

3

In a two-way ANOVA, the number of null hypotheses is: 1 2 3 4

3

In a two-way ANOVA, the number of null hypotheses is: 1 2 3 4`

3

How many total marginal means could you calculate in a 2 x 3 ANOVA? 6 5 1 impossible to tell from info given

5

What measurement scale is order of exam completion (ex. first student done, second student done, etc.) measured on? Ratio Ordinal Interval Nominal

Ordinal

MS = SS/df df/SS F/SS SS/F F/df

SS/df

How do you calculate the degrees of freedom for the independent t-test? multiply the degrees of freedom for each condition (N-1)/N add the degrees of freedom for each condition N-1

add the degrees of freedom for each condition

If we have an independent variable with three levels, and the one-way ANOVA is significant, what do we know? at least one of the levels is different from the others all three levels are different from each other we have met the homogeneity of variance assumption the three levels are different from the DV

at least one of the levels is different from the others

We identify a descriptive main effect in a graph by comparing: averages differences

averages

We identify a descriptive main effect in a graph by comparing: averages differences

averages

Increasing effect size will increase which estimate of the variance in ANOVA neither within estimate both between estimate

between

Increasing effect size will increase which estimate of the variance in ANOVA within between both neither

between

Which of the variance estimates is in the numerator when calculating F? within estimate between estimate both estimates neither estimate

between

The statement, "The standard deviation is the square root of its variance" applies to: both the population distribution of individual scores neither the distribution of means

both

If p < .05, we would expect: calculated F to be larger than critical F critical F to be equal to calculate F calculated F to be more extreme than critical F critical F to be more extreme than calculated F critical F to be larger than calculated F

calculated F to be larger than critical F

We identify a descriptive interaction in a graph by comparing: differences averages

differences

Standard error is the standard deviation of: the population of individual scores all of these the distribution of means the sample

distb of means

In a factorial design, a "cell" is: a study with a single two-level variable that divides the groups. each combination of levels of the variables that divide the groups. the combination of different levels of one variable that divides the groups, ignoring any other variables that divide the groups. the same thing as a "main effect."

each combination of levels of the variables that divide the groups.

An independent t-test and a planned contrast use the same variance estimate in the denominator. t/f

false

If the interaction is significant, at least one main effect must be significant. t/f

false

The DV for ANOVA can be categorical. t/f

false

The estimates of the variances of the distributions of means will always be equal because we assume the population variances are equal. t/f

false

The number of independent variables always equals the number of dependent variables when using ANOVA. t/f

false

There are 6 factors in a 2 x 3 ANOVA. t/f

false

Variation represented by the within estimate of the variance includes variation due to the independent variable(s). t/f

false

t = F2 t/f

false

An interaction occurs when: the effect of the DV on one IV depends on the level of another IV the two IVs are correlated the effect of one IV on the DV depends on the level of another IV there are two significant main effects the effect of one DV on another DV depends on the IV

the effect of one IV on the DV depends on the level of another IV

In a two-way analysis of variance, the degrees of freedom for each main effect are the number of cells minus the number of variables. the total number of cells minus 1. the total number of scores in that row or column minus 2. the number of variables minus the total scores within the column or row. the number of levels of the variable minus 1.

the number of levels of the variable minus 1.

The mean of the sampling distribution of the mean is: 1 0 the same as the mean of the pop of individual scores

the same as the mean of the pop of individual scores

In a 2 X 2 analysis of variance, the basis for estimating the numerator of the F ratio for the column effects is the variance between the two column marginal means. the variance between the means of the two diagonals. the variance between the two row marginal means. the variance among the four cell means.

the variance between the two column marginal means.

The MS(within) used in the denominator of the F(columns) calculation is calculated using: an average of the column IV variance estimate and the row IV variance estimate the variance estimates from each of the levels of the column IV the variance estimates from each of levels of the row IV the variance estimates from each of the cells of the factorial design

the variance estimates from each of the cells of the factorial design

The variance of the sampling distribution of the mean is: the variance of the population minus the the number of individuals in each of the samples the variance of the population multiplied by the number of individuals in each of the samples the variance of the population divided by the number of individuals in each of the samples the variance of the population the variance of the population divided by the number of sample means

the variance of the population divided by the number of individuals in each of the samples

Which analysis can accommodate more dependent variables? one-way ANOVA two-way ANOVA independent t-test they all use one dependent variable the two ANOVA answer choices

they all use one dependent variable

n a three-way factorial design, there can be a maximum of: four main effects and three interactions. two main effects and three interactions. three main effects and three interactions. three main effects and four interactions.

three main effects and four interactions

In a three-way factorial design, there can be a maximum of: two main effects and three interactions. four main effects and three interactions. three main effects and three interactions. three main effects and four interactions.

three main four interactions

An independent variable in ANOVA can have more than two levels. t/f

true

Factors is another term for independent variables. t/f

true

For an independent t-test, we assume that the populations of individual scores have the same variance. t/f

true

It is never possible for the standard deviation of a sample or population to be negative. t/f

true

alpha is the critical p-value

true

Which estimate of the variance used in ANOVA is most similar to the pooled estimate from independent t-test dependent estimate within estimate between estimate independent estimate

within

Which variance estimate is NOT affected by effect size? within between both neither

within