Type 2 Diabetes

If a food has 10 grams of fat and 100 calories per serving, what is the percentage of calories from fat in one serving?: 10% 40% 50% 90%

10%

Summarize what happens when a person with good glucose regulation eats a meal of pancakes and maple syrup.

Blood glucose levels rise, so the pancreas releases insulin so the organs are able to take in the glucose and maintain homeostasis.

What is the role of glucagon?

Glucagon helps to release glucose into the bloodstream from the liver when blood glucose levels are too low

Explain how insulin shots work as a treatment for type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

Insulin shots move glucose from the blood into the other organs.

What is the advantage of releasing insulin after eating?: It increases the blood flow to organs It keeps the blood glucose at exactly the same level all day It helps the body use food properly by letting glucose enter the cells It raises the blood glucose level by keeping glucose in the blood vessels

It helps the body use food properly by letting glucose enter the cells?

How does the pancreas respond when glucose digested from food enters the blood?

The pancreas evaluates how much glucose there is and figures out if it needs to make more insulin or not.

what is the role of fat cells

can take glucose into the fat cell when glucose is present

what is the role of the muscles

can take up lots of glucose from the blood, use glucose, and store glucose

____ are broken down when blood glucose levels are high

carbs

which of the following statements about type 2 diabetes are true: -being younger than 30 is a risk factor -it is more common in certain locations in the United States -it is mostly caused by defective genes -it is associated with being obese

false, true?, false?, true

Fill in the blank for the process below. oxygen + _________ ==> carbon dioxide + water + energy

glucose

What is the function of glucagon?

hormone that allows glucose to be released

What is the function of insulin?

lowers blood glucose

What is the role of the pancreas?

makes and releases insulin and glucagon. Has B cells which make insulin

What 3 things can chronic elevated blood glucose lead to?

nerve damage, capillary damage, large blood vessel damage

What is homeostasis?

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

What is an A1C test?

reflects your average blood sugar level for the past two to three months

When does type 2 diabetes develop?

when blood glucose levels are too high for too long, the body is not maintaining blood glucose within a healthy range

Approximately how long would a 130-pound person need to walk at a moderate pace to burn off an 80-calorie Fun Size Snickers bar?: 5 minutes 10 minutes 25 minutes 40 minutes

25 minutes

How can excess glucose lead to body fat?

Excess glucose will be stored in the liver as glycogen and then with insulin will be converted to body fat.

Summarize what happens when a person with good glucose regulation has not eaten in hours and gets hungry.

Glucagon is released from the pancreas and the liver releases glucose.

What happens if cells are no longer responsive to insulin?

Glucose is just in the bloodstream and starts being stored as fat by the glycogen.

What is the role of insulin?

Insulin helps to keep the right amount of glucose in the blood and tracks how much goes into organs.

What is insulin?

Insulin is a hormone which converts glucose into glycogen (when blood sugar levels are too high)

What are two ways that constant high blood glucose levels can effect the body?

It can cause harm to the pancreas because it has to produce a lot of insulin and can create body fat because your body will have to start storing glucose.

How would adding muscle mass help a person with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes?

More muscles means that they would help the glucose levels decrease because the muscles burn glucose when they're in work.

How does the pancreas respond when blood glucose levels are low?

The pancreas releases glucagon and then the glucagon binds to the liver and releases glucose back into the bloodstream.

How does beta cell damage lead to type 2 diabetes?

There's no more insulin being produced so this will lead to type 2 diabetes.

What happens if beta cells in the pancreas become damaged?

They can't make enough insulin and diabetes becomes a life long condition that will require management.

What are two ways that exercise can help with blood glucose regulation?

Two ways that exercise can help with blood glucose regulation is that muscles can use glucose during and after exercise without insulin present. Muscles burn glucose for energy as well.

What is diabetes?

a complex disease that involves individual choices, social factors, nature vs nurture, treatments and solutions, biological concepts

What is a fasting glucose test?

after fasting for at least 12 hours, a person's blood is drawn and tested for glucose. a healthy person would have a fasting blood glucose level of about 80-90 mg/dL.

Where is glucose found?

blood sugar

What determines a person's height?: A gene located on the X chromosome A single dominant gene Both genetic and environmental factors Several genetic factors

both genetic and environmental factors

What is the function of glucose?

energy

A solution to the problem of type 2 diabetes that impacts the most people will likely focus on: Environmental factors Genetic factors Medications Surgeries

environmental factors?

The following are some reasons why type 2 diabetes an important public health focus in the United States. Which of these statements is true?: -it is especially common among wealthy people -diabetes is growing rapidly in the US -t2d is the most common form of diabetes -currently, there are no ways to prevent t2d

false, true, true, false

Damage to the body by type 2 diabetes is due to long periods of time with: Low iron levels High blood pH High blood glucose levels Infections in the lymphatic system

high blood glucose levels

Where is glucagon found?

pancreas

Where is insulin found?

pancreas

When our blood glucose is low, the _______ releases ________

pancreas, glucagon

When our blood glucose is high, the ________ releases ______

pancreas, insulin

What is the oral glucose tolerance test?

patient drinks a glucose drink and is diabetic if their blood glucose level does not return to normal after 2 hours of consuming glucose

What do high blood glucose levels lead to?

prediabetes, then type 2 diabetes

what is the role of the liver

regulates glucose levels in blood by both taking up and releasing glucose

What are the characteristics of type 2 diabetes?

result in chronic (long-term) high blood glucose levels; can develop over time; body is unable to maintain healthy ranges of glucose; high glucose levels can damage nerves, heart, blood vessels, hands, feet, kidneys; complications can even lead to death

What is the function of glycogen?

stored glucose, made of many units of glucose

Which is a healthier snack for someone sitting and doing homework?: The apple juice because it can be drunk quickly The apple because it will release insulin quickly The apple juice because one serving has as much sugar as two or more apples The apple because it contains a lot of fiber

the apple because it contains a lot of fiber?

How does insulin resistance lead to type 2 diabetes?

the pancreas must work much harder in order to produce enough insulin to regulate blood glucose levels, and eventually the pancreas's ability to release insulin begins to decrease, leading to type 2 diabetes.

Which of the following are true statements about how exercise helps prevent type 2 diabetes?: -muscles use blood glucose for energy during exercise -with exercise, muscle cells are better able to take up glucose even if insulin is not present -muscles convert more blood glucose to glycogen during exercise than during rest -burning calories through exercise helps to maintain or decrease weight

true, true, true?, true

what is the role of the brain

uses glucose for fuel, does not need insulin

Does education correlate with type 2 diabetes rates?

yes, because if you are not educated on risks for diabetes, how it can affect you, etc, you may be less conscious of the disease