Ultrasound Procedures Final Review
Which of the following statements is false?
Maintaining a neutral posture of the head, neck and trunk causes one set of the muscles to become weaker and longer and the opposing set to become strong and short
The right subhepatic space located anterior to the right kidney and inferior to the liver where fluid may accumulate is:
Morison's pouch
Which of the following vessels are posterior and inferior to the pancreas?
Superior mesenteric artery
Which of the following vessels passes anterior to the uncinate process of the pancreas?
Superior mesenteric vein
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding sonography practices?
The same type of examinations performed throughout the day allows the muscles to become stronger
Which one of the following statements about the spleen is false?
The spleen is located within the retroperitoneum
What is the relationship between period and frequency
They are inversely related
Breathing that stops spontaneously for any reason is called:
apnea
The most common cause of abdominal aneurysms is:
arteriosclerosis
What does AED stand for?
automated external defibrillator
When transferring a patient from a wheelchair to the examination table, you should:
bend at the knees and hold the patient close to your body
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries of all of the following except:
bone
Which one of the following is not defined as a Work-Related-Musculoskeletal-Disorder (WRMSD) injury:
bones
Primary tumors that may metastasize to the spleen originate from all of the following structure except the:
brain
Gas-forming bacteria in the gallbladder appear on ultrasound as a:
bright echo with a ring down or comet-tail-artifact
Inflammation of the shoulder bursa from repeated motion
bursitis
Inflammation of the shoulder bursa from repeated motion is called:
bursitis
Splenic infarction is most commonly the result of:
cardiac emboli
Repeated flexion and extension of the wrist may result in:
carpal tunnel syndrome
removal of the gallbladder
cholecystectomy
Inflammation of the GB; may be acute or chronic
cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder is known as:
cholecystitis
stones in the bile
choledocholithiasis
heart, blood vessel, blood, lymph, and lymph structures
circulatory system
Volume has which of the following units?
cm^3
The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the:
common hepatic artery
The right and left hepatic ducts emerge from the right lobe of the liver in the porta hepatis and unite to form the:
common hepatic duct
An image diving the right kidney into anterior and posterior sections describes the:
coronal plane
Entrapment of the ulnar nerve as it runs through the elbow
cubital tunnel
Once a sterile package is open, there is a ____ border around the edge that is considered unsterile
in
below
infra
An oblique passage through the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall is termed the:
inguinal canal
infectious materials include all of the following except:
intact skin
Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system.
integumentary system
Which is not an acoustic variable?
intensity
between
inter
An abnormal decrease in platelets may be the result of a(n):
internal hemorrhage
The portal veins carry blood from the ___ to the liver.
intestinal artery
within
intra
giving liquid substances directly into a vein
intravenous therapy
Which of the following describes the most common sonographic appearance of gallbladder carcinoma?
irregular echogenic mass projecting to a hypoechoic focus
very close to the normal parenchymal echogenicity pattern
isoechoic
The inferior mesenteric artery distributes blood to the:
left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum
Lifting an object should be done using the muscles of the:
legs
The termination of the falciform ligament seen in the left lobe of the liver is known as _____
ligamentum teres
The visualized rounded termination of the falciform ligament is the:
ligamentum teres
Hepatocytes are:
liver cells
The bright linear echo within the liver connecting the neck of the gallbladder and the right or main portal vein is called the
main lobar fissure
Which one of the following best describes non shadowing, low-amplitude echoes in a dependent gallbladder
main lobar fissure
All of the following statements contribute to [rofessional controls to prevent injury except:
maintain equipment height, regardless of the sonographer
Which of the following is NOT true of transducer cable management?
maintaining a firm grip on the transducer will ensure you do not run over or damage the transducer cord
The physical and chemical changes that occur within the body are ___ metabolism.
metabolism
The sonographic appearance of cholelithiasis is best described as:
mobile, hyperechoic focus demonstrating posterior shadowing
skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle
muscular system
device for delivering oxygen by way of two small tubes inserted into the nostrils
nasal canula
When accessory spleens are present, they are usually located:
near the hilum of the spleen
The cystic duct connects the ____ of the gallbladder with the common hepatic duct to form the _____.
neck, CBD
nerves and sensory organs, brain, and spinal cord
nervous system
Groups of different tissues combine to form ___ which are complex structures with specialized functions, such as liver, pancreas or uterus.
organs
noninvasive method of monitoring oxygen levels in the blood
oximetery
The splenic vein courses along the posterior boarder of the:
pancreas
Which of the following functions has both exocrine and endocrine gland:
pancreas
The distal duct lies _____ with the anterior wall of the inferior vena cava (IVC).
parallel
national movement to recapture the respect and goodwill of the American public
patient-focused care
around
peri
Other areas that should be examined when ruling out a splenic rupture include all of the following expect the:
pericardium
___ is the time to complete one cycle
period
A chronic disease of unknown causes that involves all bone marrow elements is:
polycythemia vera
A thick calcified gallbladder wall describes which one of the following conditions?
porcelain gall bladder
An increase of blood pressure within the portal venous system is the definition of
portal hypertension
Select the vessel that should be included in a transverse view of the liver.
portal vein
before
pre
When a structure is closer to the body midline or point of attachment to the trunk, it is described as _____.
proximal
vital signs, which are medical measurements to ascertain how the body is functioning may include all of the following except:
pulmonary function testes
recorded as beats per minute
pulse
difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures
pulse pressure
testes, scrotum, spermatic cord, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, penis, epididymis, prostate, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, breast
reproductive system
process of inhaling and exhaling air
respiration
lungs, bronchi, and air passageways
respiratory system
Repeated motion results in fraying of the shoulder muscle tendons
rotator cuff injury
sound beam is attenuated by a solid or calcified object
shadowing
The higher the transducer frequency, the:
shorter the wavelength
The higher the transducer frequency, the:
shorter wavelength
bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints
skeletal system
low level echoes in the dependent portion of the gallbladder that move with change in position
sludge
The basic infection control guidelines used to reduce the risks of spreading infection are called:
standard precautions
The abdominopelvic cavity has four quadrants and nine regions to help us describe locations of patient symptoms or pathology. Which of the following is the upper horizontal line that joins the lowest point of the costal margin to each side of the body?
subcostal plane
Splenomegaly may result from all of the following except
subphrenic abscess
The top of the head is the most (P1) ____ point of the body
superior
in measuring blood pressure, this is the reading that occurs when ventricles contract to pump blood to the body (higher number)
systolic
Inflammation of the tendon and the sheath around the tendon.
tenosynovitis
______ is usually associated with visualized as multiple tiny calcifications with posterior shadowing
Chronic granulomatous disease
_____ is the most common cause of intrahepatic portal hypertension
Cirrhosis
The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are separated by a broad muscle, the muscle which forms the floor of the thoracic cavity
Diaphragm
Which of the following is not an example of an open-ended question
Does it hurt worse after you eat
Examples of contract transmission include all of the following except:
Flu
The dense connective tissue surrounding the liver is called
Glisson's capsule
standardizes the uses of health care information
HIPPA
A gallbladder with a small out pouch at the neck is called a
Hartmann pouch
If the frequency of an ultrasound wave is doubled, what happens to the period?
Havled
The most common benign tumor of the liver is:
Hemangioma
_____ is considered to result from infection by a group of viruses that specifically target the hepatocytes
Hepatitis
____ is found worldwide and is spread primarily via fecal contamination of food/water.
Hepatitis A
This condition can take years to appear, spread through contaminated blood, and the biggest concern being eventual cirrhosis with progressive liver failure
Hepatitis C
Ultrasound is defined as sound frequencies beyond the upper limits of human hearing, that is greater than ____.
20kHz
The normal diameter of the common hepatic duct is approximately ___ millimeters(mm).
4
Hypotension is blood pressure falling below
90/60 mmHg
Classic symptoms of gallbladder disease include all of the following except:
hematuria
Rare disease of iron metabolism characterized by excess iron deposits throughout the body
hemochromatosis
Budd- Chiari syndrome is thrombosis of the:
hepatic veins
The most common primary malignant neoplasm of the liver is:
hepatocellular carcinoma
The first finding in a patient with onset of cirrhosis would be:
hepatomegaly
not uniform in texture or composition
heterogeneous
The speed of sound traveling through bone is ____ soft tissue.
higher than
Vital signs include all of the following except:
history
Vital signs include all the following except:
history
Ability to maintain a steady and stable internal environment
homeostasis
A normal liver texture is to be described as:
homogeneous
Completely uniform in texture or composition
homogeneous
The normal sonographic appearance of the splenic parenchyma is:
homogeneous and similar to the liver
Another term for sonolucent is:
homogenous
Echo-producing structure; reflects sound with a brighter intensity
hyperechoic
Low level echoes within a structure
hypoechoic
Which of these factors has the greatest influence on pulse repetition period?
image depth
Name 4 functions of the spleen:
** Stores blood. ** Filters blood by removing cellular waste and getting rid of old or damaged blood cells. ** Makes white blood cells and antibodies that help you fight infection. ** Maintains the levels of fluid in your body. ** Produces antibodies that protect you against infection.
behind
-retro
Diagnostic ultrasound uses the frequencies of
1 to 20MHz
The duty factor for continuous wave ultrasound is:
1.0
In the adult, splenomegaly is diagnosed when the length of the spleen exceed ___ centimeters (cm).
13
According to the National Institutes of health, hypertension is defined as a blood pressure greater than (in mmHg):
140/90
A normal vertical length of the liver should not exceed:
15.5cm
In soft tissues, the assumed propagation velocity is (in meters per second):
1540
In soft tissues, the propagation velocity is (in meters per second):
1540
Diagnostic ultrasound uses the frequencies of:
2 to 15 MHz
Brain cells that are extremely sensitive to oxygen deprivation will begin to die within
4 to 6 minutes
In a 50-year-old adult, the normal common bile duct should not measure more than ____ mm.
6
Chronic hepatitis exists when clinical or biomechanical evidence of hepatic inflammation extends beyond____.
6 months
How many beats per minute (bpm) is the normal adult pulse rate?
60 too 100
An intravenous (IV) fluid container should always be located ____
Above the level of the patient's vein
The effects of the medium upon the sound wave.is called:
Acoustic Propagation Properties
Using the correct muscles to compete a task safely, efficiently and without undue strain on any joints or muscles
Body Mechanics
Which of the following modalities uses ionizing radiation from outside the patient?
CT
Entrapment of the median nerve as it runs through the write
Carpal tunnel
The thoracic and abdominal cavities are separated by a broad muscle called the:
Diaphragm
If IV infiltration occurs, the patient may experience
Edema at the site
Which of the following statements is false regarding the protocol for taking blood pressure?
If the patient is sitting, be sure he or she has both feet in the air.
What does the abbreviation IVC stand for
Inferior vena cava
Cancer at the bifurcation of the hepatic ducts; may cause asymmetrical obstruction of the biliary tree
Klatskin's tumor
Which one of the following vascular structures courses between the aorta and SMA?
Left renal vein
What lab value is used to evaluate clotting factors in patients with liver disease?
PT
The "Mickey Mouse" sonographic sign is indicative of what anatomy?
PV, HA, CBD
Which of the following is not listed as a patient responsibility in the Patients' Bill of Rights
Patient must be treated with respect
Which of the following is proportional to amplitude2?
Power
The time from the beginning of a pulse until the end of the pulse is ____.
Pulse duration
Which one of the following is a function of the gallbladder?
Reservoir for bile
Which of the following is not an appropriate patient identifer:
Room number
The portal vein is formed by the union of the:
SMV and splenic vein
Which vascular structures come together to form the portal confluence?
SMV, SV
The sagittal scan plane:
Separates the body midline into superior and inferior
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) enforces all of the following except:
Set boundaries to ensure patients maintain healthy habits
Which of the following best describes nonshaowing, low-amplitude echoes in a dependent gallbladder?
Sludge
Which of the following statements about the role of sonographers is false?
Sonographers perform ultrasound studies and gather diagnostic data independent of the physician.
Which of the following patient preparation is required before an abdominal ultrasound examination?
Take nothing by mouth for 6 to 8 hours before the examination
Computer tomography (CT) and ultrasound share terminology describing the body planes. Identify the plane that divides the body into upper and lower sections
Transverse
Sonographic pattern when GB is packed with stones
WES sign
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding hand washing?
Wash your hands after touching blood, body fluids, or contaminated items only when gloves are not worn.
Which of the following patient history questions is least likely to give you information regarding an abdominal ultrasound for abdominal pain:
When was your last menstrual cycle
The main cause of shoulder pain associated with scanning is:
abduction of the shoulder
A condition causing RUQ pain in which small polypoid masses arise from the gallbladder wall demonstrating "comet tail" artifact is:
adenomymatosis
small polypoid projections from the GB wall
adenomyomatosis
The common bile duct is joined by the main pancreatic duct. Together they open through the _____ into the duodenal wall.
ampulla of Vater
without internal echoes; the structure is fluid filled and transmits sound easily
anechoic
The type of tendonitis involving the thumb is called:
de Quervain disease
Specific type of tendonitis involving the thumb
de Quervain's disease
The physiologic effect of a fatty meal includes all of the following except:
decreased bile flow of the liver
mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
digestive system
A shortness of breath or the feeling of not getting enough air (difficulty breathing) which may leave a person gasping, is called:
dyspnea
A shortness of breath or the feeling of not getting enough air (difficulty breathing), which may leave a person gasping, is called:
dyspnea
Ligaments/ fissures within the liver appear _____ sonographically.
echogenic
pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, pancreas, parathyroid, ovaries, testes, pineal, and thymus
endocrine system
A transducer is any device that converts one form of ___ into another
energy
Increased through transmission
enhancement
In the early stages of sickle cell anemia, the spleen generally appears:
enlarged
Inflammation of the periosteum where bicepts tendon inserts onto the distal humerus.
epicondylitis
Which of the following is a benign, acquired condition
fatty infiltration of the liver
All of the following components are necessary on an ultrasound system to make it ergonomically compatible except:
fixed control panel
The clinical significance of peritoneal recesses is:
fluid and infection may accumulate in the recesses
A Phrygian cap of the gallbladder is:
folding of the gallbladder fundus
Propagation speed = _____ x wavelength
frequency
The sonographer should adhere to all the following recommendations expect:
grip the transducer tightly when imaging abdominal structures
When transferring catheterized patients, the urine-collecting bag must be:
held below the level of the patient's bladder
This nerve entrapment can occur at different levels, resulting in varied symptoms.
thoracic outlet syndrome
The device that converts energy from one form to another is called the:
transducer
Inflammation and swelling of the tendon sheath in a finger entraps the tendon and restricts motion
trigger finger
A sound wave is a pressure wave made of compressions and rarefractions
true
What embryologic channel re-opens in case
umbilical vein
Risk factors for developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) include all of the following except:
uniform tempertaures
kidney, bladder, uterus
urinary system
The most common nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infection is a(n):
urinary6 tract infection
The membrane that covers an internal organ is known as the:
visceral peritoneum
A spleen that has migrated from its normal location is termed:
wandering spleen
What are the units of intensity?
watts/cm2
___ is the distance covered by one cycle
wavelength
The current term used by the occupational safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for ergonomic occupation injuries is:
work-related musculoskeletal disorder
The current termed used by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for ergonomic occupational injuries is:
work-related musculoskeletal disorder
