Ultrasound Procedures Final Review

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Which of the following statements is false?

Maintaining a neutral posture of the head, neck and trunk causes one set of the muscles to become weaker and longer and the opposing set to become strong and short

The right subhepatic space located anterior to the right kidney and inferior to the liver where fluid may accumulate is:

Morison's pouch

Which of the following vessels are posterior and inferior to the pancreas?

Superior mesenteric artery

Which of the following vessels passes anterior to the uncinate process of the pancreas?

Superior mesenteric vein

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding sonography practices?

The same type of examinations performed throughout the day allows the muscles to become stronger

Which one of the following statements about the spleen is false?

The spleen is located within the retroperitoneum

What is the relationship between period and frequency

They are inversely related

Breathing that stops spontaneously for any reason is called:

apnea

The most common cause of abdominal aneurysms is:

arteriosclerosis

What does AED stand for?

automated external defibrillator

When transferring a patient from a wheelchair to the examination table, you should:

bend at the knees and hold the patient close to your body

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries of all of the following except:

bone

Which one of the following is not defined as a Work-Related-Musculoskeletal-Disorder (WRMSD) injury:

bones

Primary tumors that may metastasize to the spleen originate from all of the following structure except the:

brain

Gas-forming bacteria in the gallbladder appear on ultrasound as a:

bright echo with a ring down or comet-tail-artifact

Inflammation of the shoulder bursa from repeated motion

bursitis

Inflammation of the shoulder bursa from repeated motion is called:

bursitis

Splenic infarction is most commonly the result of:

cardiac emboli

Repeated flexion and extension of the wrist may result in:

carpal tunnel syndrome

removal of the gallbladder

cholecystectomy

Inflammation of the GB; may be acute or chronic

cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder is known as:

cholecystitis

stones in the bile

choledocholithiasis

heart, blood vessel, blood, lymph, and lymph structures

circulatory system

Volume has which of the following units?

cm^3

The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the:

common hepatic artery

The right and left hepatic ducts emerge from the right lobe of the liver in the porta hepatis and unite to form the:

common hepatic duct

An image diving the right kidney into anterior and posterior sections describes the:

coronal plane

Entrapment of the ulnar nerve as it runs through the elbow

cubital tunnel

Once a sterile package is open, there is a ____ border around the edge that is considered unsterile

in

below

infra

An oblique passage through the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall is termed the:

inguinal canal

infectious materials include all of the following except:

intact skin

Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system.

integumentary system

Which is not an acoustic variable?

intensity

between

inter

An abnormal decrease in platelets may be the result of a(n):

internal hemorrhage

The portal veins carry blood from the ___ to the liver.

intestinal artery

within

intra

giving liquid substances directly into a vein

intravenous therapy

Which of the following describes the most common sonographic appearance of gallbladder carcinoma?

irregular echogenic mass projecting to a hypoechoic focus

very close to the normal parenchymal echogenicity pattern

isoechoic

The inferior mesenteric artery distributes blood to the:

left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

Lifting an object should be done using the muscles of the:

legs

The termination of the falciform ligament seen in the left lobe of the liver is known as _____

ligamentum teres

The visualized rounded termination of the falciform ligament is the:

ligamentum teres

Hepatocytes are:

liver cells

The bright linear echo within the liver connecting the neck of the gallbladder and the right or main portal vein is called the

main lobar fissure

Which one of the following best describes non shadowing, low-amplitude echoes in a dependent gallbladder

main lobar fissure

All of the following statements contribute to [rofessional controls to prevent injury except:

maintain equipment height, regardless of the sonographer

Which of the following is NOT true of transducer cable management?

maintaining a firm grip on the transducer will ensure you do not run over or damage the transducer cord

The physical and chemical changes that occur within the body are ___ metabolism.

metabolism

The sonographic appearance of cholelithiasis is best described as:

mobile, hyperechoic focus demonstrating posterior shadowing

skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle

muscular system

device for delivering oxygen by way of two small tubes inserted into the nostrils

nasal canula

When accessory spleens are present, they are usually located:

near the hilum of the spleen

The cystic duct connects the ____ of the gallbladder with the common hepatic duct to form the _____.

neck, CBD

nerves and sensory organs, brain, and spinal cord

nervous system

Groups of different tissues combine to form ___ which are complex structures with specialized functions, such as liver, pancreas or uterus.

organs

noninvasive method of monitoring oxygen levels in the blood

oximetery

The splenic vein courses along the posterior boarder of the:

pancreas

Which of the following functions has both exocrine and endocrine gland:

pancreas

The distal duct lies _____ with the anterior wall of the inferior vena cava (IVC).

parallel

national movement to recapture the respect and goodwill of the American public

patient-focused care

around

peri

Other areas that should be examined when ruling out a splenic rupture include all of the following expect the:

pericardium

___ is the time to complete one cycle

period

A chronic disease of unknown causes that involves all bone marrow elements is:

polycythemia vera

A thick calcified gallbladder wall describes which one of the following conditions?

porcelain gall bladder

An increase of blood pressure within the portal venous system is the definition of

portal hypertension

Select the vessel that should be included in a transverse view of the liver.

portal vein

before

pre

When a structure is closer to the body midline or point of attachment to the trunk, it is described as _____.

proximal

vital signs, which are medical measurements to ascertain how the body is functioning may include all of the following except:

pulmonary function testes

recorded as beats per minute

pulse

difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures

pulse pressure

testes, scrotum, spermatic cord, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, penis, epididymis, prostate, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, breast

reproductive system

process of inhaling and exhaling air

respiration

lungs, bronchi, and air passageways

respiratory system

Repeated motion results in fraying of the shoulder muscle tendons

rotator cuff injury

sound beam is attenuated by a solid or calcified object

shadowing

The higher the transducer frequency, the:

shorter the wavelength

The higher the transducer frequency, the:

shorter wavelength

bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints

skeletal system

low level echoes in the dependent portion of the gallbladder that move with change in position

sludge

The basic infection control guidelines used to reduce the risks of spreading infection are called:

standard precautions

The abdominopelvic cavity has four quadrants and nine regions to help us describe locations of patient symptoms or pathology. Which of the following is the upper horizontal line that joins the lowest point of the costal margin to each side of the body?

subcostal plane

Splenomegaly may result from all of the following except

subphrenic abscess

The top of the head is the most (P1) ____ point of the body

superior

in measuring blood pressure, this is the reading that occurs when ventricles contract to pump blood to the body (higher number)

systolic

Inflammation of the tendon and the sheath around the tendon.

tenosynovitis

______ is usually associated with visualized as multiple tiny calcifications with posterior shadowing

Chronic granulomatous disease

_____ is the most common cause of intrahepatic portal hypertension

Cirrhosis

The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are separated by a broad muscle, the muscle which forms the floor of the thoracic cavity

Diaphragm

Which of the following is not an example of an open-ended question

Does it hurt worse after you eat

Examples of contract transmission include all of the following except:

Flu

The dense connective tissue surrounding the liver is called

Glisson's capsule

standardizes the uses of health care information

HIPPA

A gallbladder with a small out pouch at the neck is called a

Hartmann pouch

If the frequency of an ultrasound wave is doubled, what happens to the period?

Havled

The most common benign tumor of the liver is:

Hemangioma

_____ is considered to result from infection by a group of viruses that specifically target the hepatocytes

Hepatitis

____ is found worldwide and is spread primarily via fecal contamination of food/water.

Hepatitis A

This condition can take years to appear, spread through contaminated blood, and the biggest concern being eventual cirrhosis with progressive liver failure

Hepatitis C

Ultrasound is defined as sound frequencies beyond the upper limits of human hearing, that is greater than ____.

20kHz

The normal diameter of the common hepatic duct is approximately ___ millimeters(mm).

4

Hypotension is blood pressure falling below

90/60 mmHg

Classic symptoms of gallbladder disease include all of the following except:

hematuria

Rare disease of iron metabolism characterized by excess iron deposits throughout the body

hemochromatosis

Budd- Chiari syndrome is thrombosis of the:

hepatic veins

The most common primary malignant neoplasm of the liver is:

hepatocellular carcinoma

The first finding in a patient with onset of cirrhosis would be:

hepatomegaly

not uniform in texture or composition

heterogeneous

The speed of sound traveling through bone is ____ soft tissue.

higher than

Vital signs include all of the following except:

history

Vital signs include all the following except:

history

Ability to maintain a steady and stable internal environment

homeostasis

A normal liver texture is to be described as:

homogeneous

Completely uniform in texture or composition

homogeneous

The normal sonographic appearance of the splenic parenchyma is:

homogeneous and similar to the liver

Another term for sonolucent is:

homogenous

Echo-producing structure; reflects sound with a brighter intensity

hyperechoic

Low level echoes within a structure

hypoechoic

Which of these factors has the greatest influence on pulse repetition period?

image depth

Name 4 functions of the spleen:

** Stores blood. ** Filters blood by removing cellular waste and getting rid of old or damaged blood cells. ** Makes white blood cells and antibodies that help you fight infection. ** Maintains the levels of fluid in your body. ** Produces antibodies that protect you against infection.

behind

-retro

Diagnostic ultrasound uses the frequencies of

1 to 20MHz

The duty factor for continuous wave ultrasound is:

1.0

In the adult, splenomegaly is diagnosed when the length of the spleen exceed ___ centimeters (cm).

13

According to the National Institutes of health, hypertension is defined as a blood pressure greater than (in mmHg):

140/90

A normal vertical length of the liver should not exceed:

15.5cm

In soft tissues, the assumed propagation velocity is (in meters per second):

1540

In soft tissues, the propagation velocity is (in meters per second):

1540

Diagnostic ultrasound uses the frequencies of:

2 to 15 MHz

Brain cells that are extremely sensitive to oxygen deprivation will begin to die within

4 to 6 minutes

In a 50-year-old adult, the normal common bile duct should not measure more than ____ mm.

6

Chronic hepatitis exists when clinical or biomechanical evidence of hepatic inflammation extends beyond____.

6 months

How many beats per minute (bpm) is the normal adult pulse rate?

60 too 100

An intravenous (IV) fluid container should always be located ____

Above the level of the patient's vein

The effects of the medium upon the sound wave.is called:

Acoustic Propagation Properties

Using the correct muscles to compete a task safely, efficiently and without undue strain on any joints or muscles

Body Mechanics

Which of the following modalities uses ionizing radiation from outside the patient?

CT

Entrapment of the median nerve as it runs through the write

Carpal tunnel

The thoracic and abdominal cavities are separated by a broad muscle called the:

Diaphragm

If IV infiltration occurs, the patient may experience

Edema at the site

Which of the following statements is false regarding the protocol for taking blood pressure?

If the patient is sitting, be sure he or she has both feet in the air.

What does the abbreviation IVC stand for

Inferior vena cava

Cancer at the bifurcation of the hepatic ducts; may cause asymmetrical obstruction of the biliary tree

Klatskin's tumor

Which one of the following vascular structures courses between the aorta and SMA?

Left renal vein

What lab value is used to evaluate clotting factors in patients with liver disease?

PT

The "Mickey Mouse" sonographic sign is indicative of what anatomy?

PV, HA, CBD

Which of the following is not listed as a patient responsibility in the Patients' Bill of Rights

Patient must be treated with respect

Which of the following is proportional to amplitude2?

Power

The time from the beginning of a pulse until the end of the pulse is ____.

Pulse duration

Which one of the following is a function of the gallbladder?

Reservoir for bile

Which of the following is not an appropriate patient identifer:

Room number

The portal vein is formed by the union of the:

SMV and splenic vein

Which vascular structures come together to form the portal confluence?

SMV, SV

The sagittal scan plane:

Separates the body midline into superior and inferior

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) enforces all of the following except:

Set boundaries to ensure patients maintain healthy habits

Which of the following best describes nonshaowing, low-amplitude echoes in a dependent gallbladder?

Sludge

Which of the following statements about the role of sonographers is false?

Sonographers perform ultrasound studies and gather diagnostic data independent of the physician.

Which of the following patient preparation is required before an abdominal ultrasound examination?

Take nothing by mouth for 6 to 8 hours before the examination

Computer tomography (CT) and ultrasound share terminology describing the body planes. Identify the plane that divides the body into upper and lower sections

Transverse

Sonographic pattern when GB is packed with stones

WES sign

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding hand washing?

Wash your hands after touching blood, body fluids, or contaminated items only when gloves are not worn.

Which of the following patient history questions is least likely to give you information regarding an abdominal ultrasound for abdominal pain:

When was your last menstrual cycle

The main cause of shoulder pain associated with scanning is:

abduction of the shoulder

A condition causing RUQ pain in which small polypoid masses arise from the gallbladder wall demonstrating "comet tail" artifact is:

adenomymatosis

small polypoid projections from the GB wall

adenomyomatosis

The common bile duct is joined by the main pancreatic duct. Together they open through the _____ into the duodenal wall.

ampulla of Vater

without internal echoes; the structure is fluid filled and transmits sound easily

anechoic

The type of tendonitis involving the thumb is called:

de Quervain disease

Specific type of tendonitis involving the thumb

de Quervain's disease

The physiologic effect of a fatty meal includes all of the following except:

decreased bile flow of the liver

mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

digestive system

A shortness of breath or the feeling of not getting enough air (difficulty breathing) which may leave a person gasping, is called:

dyspnea

A shortness of breath or the feeling of not getting enough air (difficulty breathing), which may leave a person gasping, is called:

dyspnea

Ligaments/ fissures within the liver appear _____ sonographically.

echogenic

pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, pancreas, parathyroid, ovaries, testes, pineal, and thymus

endocrine system

A transducer is any device that converts one form of ___ into another

energy

Increased through transmission

enhancement

In the early stages of sickle cell anemia, the spleen generally appears:

enlarged

Inflammation of the periosteum where bicepts tendon inserts onto the distal humerus.

epicondylitis

Which of the following is a benign, acquired condition

fatty infiltration of the liver

All of the following components are necessary on an ultrasound system to make it ergonomically compatible except:

fixed control panel

The clinical significance of peritoneal recesses is:

fluid and infection may accumulate in the recesses

A Phrygian cap of the gallbladder is:

folding of the gallbladder fundus

Propagation speed = _____ x wavelength

frequency

The sonographer should adhere to all the following recommendations expect:

grip the transducer tightly when imaging abdominal structures

When transferring catheterized patients, the urine-collecting bag must be:

held below the level of the patient's bladder

This nerve entrapment can occur at different levels, resulting in varied symptoms.

thoracic outlet syndrome

The device that converts energy from one form to another is called the:

transducer

Inflammation and swelling of the tendon sheath in a finger entraps the tendon and restricts motion

trigger finger

A sound wave is a pressure wave made of compressions and rarefractions

true

What embryologic channel re-opens in case

umbilical vein

Risk factors for developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) include all of the following except:

uniform tempertaures

kidney, bladder, uterus

urinary system

The most common nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infection is a(n):

urinary6 tract infection

The membrane that covers an internal organ is known as the:

visceral peritoneum

A spleen that has migrated from its normal location is termed:

wandering spleen

What are the units of intensity?

watts/cm2

___ is the distance covered by one cycle

wavelength

The current term used by the occupational safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for ergonomic occupation injuries is:

work-related musculoskeletal disorder

The current termed used by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for ergonomic occupational injuries is:

work-related musculoskeletal disorder


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