Unit 1 Astro

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The Big Bang evidence

-redshift of galaxies -abundance of elements (Hydrogen & Helium) -cosmic background radiation (heat left over)

Milky Way Galaxy size

100,000 light years

How long a message across Milky Way would take

100,000 years

Age of the Universe

13.7 billion years old (or about 14 billion)

Our solar system age

4.6 billion years old

The purpose of a control group in an experiment is to provide:

A basis for comparison.

Ptolemy supported a model of the Universe that puts the ...

Earth at the center of the universe.

How did we get heavy elements on Earth?

Heavy elements are formed by nuclear fusion reactions and supernovae in massive, ancient stars. Eventually gravity brings this stuff together and created our solar system.

Step 3: Nebular Hypthesis

Nuclear fusion begins and star is born; heavier elements stay closer to star while lighter ones are flung further out in the accretion disk

Step 2: Nebular Hypothesis

Protosun begins to spin and glows; accretion disk forms

The Copernican model of the universe puts the ...

Sun at the center of the universe.

protosun

a large mass that forms by contraction out of the gas of a nebula that will become the star

Radius of solar system

about 2 light-years

almost all galaxies

are redshifted

light spectra

are the specific wavelengths of light that any given element or compound give off; ex: Hydrogen shows only four lines while sunlight gives off a full rainbow.

red shifted stars are moving

away from Earth

supernova

death of a star; a star that explodes spreading elements across the Universe and becomes extremely luminous in the process; Fuses iron and other elements into larger elements;

nebula

extremely large cloud of gas and dust out in space that stars form from

Step 5: Nebular Hypothesis

fully formed solar system

nuclear fusion

fusing of atomic particles or elements to form larger elements

According to the Big Bang Theory, the Universe is expanding. What supports this?

galaxies are still moving away from each other today (redshift of galaxies)

accretion disk

gases and dust rotating around a star or protostar in a primitive solar system that planets eventually form from

Heavier elements than iron (like gold, lead, silver, copper, uranium) are created

in supernovae

a light-year

is the distance light travels in one year

If a galaxy is redshifted

it is moving away from our galaxy

Why does Mars not have life?

its atmosphere is too thin to hold on to heat and it has very little liquid water on the surface

Red colors have

long wavelengths

The elements on Earth

made up of star dust

star

mass of incandensent gas; a gigantic nuclear furnace where hydrogen is fused into helium at temperatures of millions of degrees

Nebular hypothesis evidence

observations of new stars how solar systems form (rocky inner/gaseous outer) rotation of planets asteroids all in same direction age of rocks and meteorites all same age

Step 4: Nebular Hypothesis

planets begin to form out of the accretion disk

Evidence for the age of the solar system

radioactive dating of Earth rocks and meteorites

Blue colors have

shorter wavelengths

The moons of Jupiter...

showed that not everything has to orbit the Earth.

A supermassive star will die in an explosion called?

supernova

Planets form out of

the accretion disk

When light waves are shifted (either red shift or blue shift)

the color of that light changes

The more massive a star...

the higher the temperature and pressure and heavier elements are produced

Step 1: Nebular Hypothesis

the nebula collapses

When a spectra's wavelengths are shifted a lot it means

the object is moving really fast

Why does Earth support life?

Magnetic field shields from solar winds and CMEs Atmosphere holds in heat Atmosphere ozone layer absorbs UV radiation Is located in the Habitable Zone Has liquid water on surface for biological functions

Copernicus and Galileo believed Earth orbited the sun. Their ideas were not accepted at the time because...

Their claims contradicted the most popular ideas at that time.

An explosive expansion from a tiny point

The beginning of the Universe -Big Bang Theory

Habitable zone (Goldilocks zone)

The distance from a star where temperatures are just right to allow liquid water on the surface of a planet. Earth and Mars both lie in this zone in our solar system;

redshift

The stretching of wavelengths toward longer wavelengths due to movement away from observer.

Controls

Used to keep a test with a little of variables possible; Controls between tests would be like keeping things at the same temperature or same amount of water

All electromagnetic radiation travels at

the speed of light (3.0 x 10^8 m/s)

Blue shift

the squishing of wavelengths to shorter wavelengths due to movement toward an observer; in visible light this causes the light to be more "blue"

Redshifted galaxies tell us that

the universe is still expanding today

Our eyes only detect which portion of the electromagnetic spectrum?

visible light

Types of electromagnetic spectrum

visible light radio waves microwaves x-rays gamma rays ultraviolet (UV) rays infrared

During the formation of the sun, gases

were thrown out farther than dust (rock material) because it had less mass.


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