Unit 1- BEH5046

Why is it important not to force our ideas of what goals might be best on our clients?

"We have to recognize that what is important and valued by us may be assessed differently by our clients. We should not impose our vales or assumptions on a client. Our experiences can guide us and our decisions, but we must put the client's values first. Our services are meant to improve our client's quality of life, whatever that means to them" -Each of our clients and supervisees are different. They come from different backgrounds, have different experiences, and have different values, goals, and feelings. By assuming that one group of clients will all want the same thing, we (by definition) are ignoring the individuality of that client. Remember, what is important to one client may not be important to another. Because of this, we need to be open, honest, and promote transparency when working with clients to determine how we can best help them achieve goals important to them.

Explain how respondents should respond to the policies and procedures tool:

"Yes or no" -In the ASHA Cultural Competence for Policies and Procedures Tool, responses are either, "Yes,'" an agency/program has this policy/procedure or, "No," the agency/program does not have this policy/procedure.

Define cultural sensitivity

"Being aware of differences in others and providing services without judgement"

List two contributions ABA practitioners can make regarding cultural issues:

"Cultural competence, and empathetic responding/compassionate care"

The purpose of using practice scenarios in the Gatzunis survey is:

"It goes beyond value statements and puts the focus on actual behavior and how to integrate them into practice" =Value statements are a good start and important to discuss what is important to various parties. However, this is not enough. Gatzunis' survey goes beyond these value statements and puts the focus on behavior itself. In this way, these behaviors can be integrated into practice.

Describe what a "cultural miss" refers to:

"Making errors in how we approach cultural differences in our practice such as errors in our clinical actions, selection of goals and procedures, and in our conversations"

List at least two potential targets related to general interviewing:

"Summarizing information, requesting feedback and correction, interrupting, or nodding and minimal expression"

Describe which items are reviewed:

"Those with 'No' answers"

Why is it important not to ignore comments like those in the food restriction scenario?

"We don't want to yell at, demean, or talk down to the individual who made problematic comments. However, we cannot ignore these comments as this can allow the problematic comments and behaviors to continue. To establish and continually develop our cultural responsiveness, we need to support our field and its practitioners in this growth" How can we help support our field and its practitioners in continual growth? In a scenario such as this, one way is to ensure that comments are not ignored. Without correction or feedback, these culturally insensitive comments may continue and ultimately impact other clients and practitioners.

Acceptability of services

1. acceptability of diagnosis 2.acceptability of intervention 3.comfort level with others providing services in the home

Three general areas for teaching cultural humility identified in the Gatzunis (2020) study a.Identify each b.Identify examples and non-examples

1. assessment- record review, preferences, ABC treatments , communication skills, 2. culture- preferred language, technical jargon, clarifying questions, roles of family members , offensive words , asking caregiver priorities 3. general interviewing- nodding and minimal expression, interrupting, empathetic statements, summarizing information , requesting and responding to feedback

After observing the family interactions, DOM realized that Cleo's grandfather would need to be on board with the treatment plan in addition to the parents. Dom saw that the family based their cooperation on the grandfather's opinions. Dom is using which strategy for building and defining cultural competence.

Communication Skills -building cultural competence include developing relationship-building skills including how to address different family members and becoming skilled in engaging family members.

Everett has recently agreed to accept a client whose family recently immigrated to the United States. While behavior analyst who speaks the family's preferred language will be taking over the case in a few weeks, Everett and his supervisee, Debra, will be conducting the intial intake. Evertt has Debra speak through a translator and then rpovdes her with feedback. This is an example of which target are identified in the Gatzunis (2020) study?

Cultural considerations

Cultural blindness a.Define b.Identify examples and non-examples

a.Define-A belief that cultural differences are irrelevant and treating all the same without acknowledging b.Identify examples- treating people identically, "I don't see color"

The NASP checklist is focused on:

all of these -The National Association of School Psychologists Self-Assessment Checklist (NASP) asks questions about cultural sensitivity. It focuses on the physical environment and the selection of materials and resources to determine how to arrange the environment to reflect the needs and culture of the client.

The questions from Wright (2019) can help us achieve:

an adaptation of cultural humility

What kind of intervention is appointing a cultural officer?

an organization intervention -Organizations can take steps to train and supervise others in a way that promotes cultural competence and awareness of differences. Appointing a cultural officer would be an intervention by an organization. A social validity intervention and supervision support are also organizational interventions that can be implemented along with appointment of a cultural officer.

Ellalee and her supervisor practice implementing various assessment procedures before meeting with the client to conduct the assessment. This an example of which target identified in the gatzunis study?

assesment skills

At what point during the treatment process should we identify customs of the families we serve?

at the onset of services and on an ongoing basis

The mother of Sarai's client mentioned that a primary concern of their family is that they cannot attend regular church services on Sundays, due to the client's loud vocalizations. Sarai is not a religious person and, thus, this is not an important goal for her. However, it is important to the client and their family, so Sarai focuses on understanding why it's a concern and how she can help the family regularly attend church. What is being described here?

collaboration -Collaboration is all about working together with others. This includes seeking caregiver ideas and approval, as well as avoiding judgments. In this scenario, Sarai recognized her own biases but did not let them affect her services. In this example, there is no explicit discussion of empathy (i.e., acknowledging and respecting other's feelings) or positive social interactions.

Research on the complex skills, so far, has shown that they can be both defined and measured; however, there is minimal research on whether these skills can be taught.

false -Research on the complex skills, so far, has shown that they can be both defined and measured; however, there is minimal research on whether these skills can be taught.

It is common for behavior analysts to receive specific training on working with individuals of diverse backgrounds.

false -As stated in the previous example, most respondents in the Beaulieu et al. (2018) survey indicated that they had little to no explicit training on working with individuals with diverse backgrounds during their coursework.

backchannel and nodding is an example of

general interviewing

he use of backchannel and nodding is an example of:

general interviewing -Backchannel and nodding are subvocal behaviors that occur during interviewing. For example, a BCBA might nod their head as the caregiver is describing how their child performs at school. Nodding is subvocal and indicates that the interviewer is attending to the interviewee's responses.

A client's mother has attempted several times to discuss interventions suggested by the OT with her child's BCBA. The mother feels it would benefit her child if the OT and BCBA collaborated. The BCBA only cites research on ABA and refuses to discuss OT procedures. Which action by the BCBA may be contributing to the problem?

having unfavorable opinion of other professions

Which of the following is a statement included on the service delivery tool?

i include the clients and their families as partners in determining outcomes of treatment

Cultural humility requires us to ask questions at both the _______ and _______ level.

individual; organizational level

Define cultural humility

is the outcome of lifelong self-reflection and continuous learning, and focuses on addressing power imbalances and systematic inequity

which of the following is an area of knowledge described in the vancouver cultural competence assesment checklist>

know my limitations - addresses our awareness of knowledge of culture and cultural differences. Some examples of knowledge listed in the checklist are an understanding of how culture can change and the influences it can have, a willingness to continue learning more about clients cultures, an understanding of how discrimination and attitudes towards a certain culture can encourage violence toward them, an ability to understand limitations of our knowledge of different cultures.

Riley a BCBA learns during an intake interview that the teenage client still sleeps in the bed with their parents every nigh.Riley collects information to learn if this is a typical practice in this family's culture.Riley is using which strategy for building and defining cultural competence?

knowledge -strategies for building cultural competence include gaining knowledge about practices that are common in the client's culture and letting this understanding guide our clinical decisions.

Cecilia just began working with a Native American family living on a reservation. She is unfamiliar with life on a reservation, so she seeks to learn more about the culture. This is an example of developing which skill?

knowledge Becoming culturally competent includes seeking knowledge about a client's cultural environment. Developing knowledge refers to a practitioner staying informed about practices with diverse populations, gaining an understanding of the culture and values, and learning about the individual client's values, beliefs, and practices. In this example, Cecilia is seeking to understand her client's culture by learning more about the environment in which he lives. Awareness strategies can include engaging in self-reflection, determining how ready you are to serve a population, and immersing yourself in the culture of your client. Communication skills refers to building a relationship with the client and family and learning how to communicate with them to ensure their level of comfort.

Which of the following is an area of Knowledge described in the Vancouver Cultural Competence Self-Assessment Checklist?

known my limitations - The Vancouver Cultural Competence Self-Assessment Checklist addresses our awareness and knowledge of culture and cultural differences. Some examples of knowledge listed in the Checklist are an understanding of how a culture can change and the influences it can have, a willingness to continue learning more about our clients' cultures, an understanding of how discrimination and attitudes towards a certain culture can encourage violence toward them, and an ability to understand limitations of our knowledge of different cultures.

Which of the following is an item fro ASHAS's policies and procedures tool?

my agency program has a mission statement which states that all persons shall receive appropriate services

A client's family regularly attends services at a local mosque. Lately, the client has been screaming during the service. While discussing program goals, the BCBA states that behavior related to the mosque should not be included, as religion is not something behavior analysis should address. Given this scenario, culture is most likely having an impact on which of the following?

prioritizing targets

The focus of the Parent Partnership Questionnaire is to identify:

the components of compassionate care that mattter most to family members -The Parent Partnership Questionnaire was designed to identify components of compassionate care that matter most to family members. It looks at what types of interactions caregivers had with BCBAs that parents rated as positive, and those interactions rated as negative. This allows for a highly individualized approach to parent and caregiver interaction based on familial contexts, goals, and values.

Which statement best describes the Orland, Rohrer, and Gatzunis studies?

the studies add to the body of research showing these types of skills can be taught -The three studies cited previously add to a current body of research that these skills can be taught. It is simply a matter of operationally defining and measuring the targeted skills (i.e., empathic statements, interruptions). They also show that cultural responsiveness is not innate; rather, it could be viewed as a set of operant responses that are under the same functional environmental control of any other behavior.

Not only is it preferable for behavior analysts to behave in culturally sensitive ways, to behave insensitively is actionable by the board.

true

In the Orland (2021) dissertation, training targets were selected by using focus groups.

true -Targets for interviewing individuals can be just as important as any other cultural targets. These targets include using expressions, the impact of interruptions (potentially including interrupting mom compared to dad), summarizing information to ensure you are clear and understanding of the caregiver's statements, and requesting correction and feedback as needed.

Identify four core principles of the Ethics Code for Behavior Analysts

1. benefit others- actively identifying and addressing factors(e.g. personal, financial, institutional, political, religious, cultural) that might lead to conflicts of interest, misuse of their position, or negative impacts on their professional activities b. Always placing clients interest first 2.Behave with Integrity- a.holding themselves accountable for their work and the work of their supervises and trainees, and correcting errors in a timely manner b.actively working to create professional environments that uphold the core principles and standards of the code 3. treat others with compassion, dignity, and respect a. Treating other equitably, regardless of factors such as age, disability, ethnicity, gender expression/identity, immigration status, martial/relationship status, national origin, race, religion, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, or any other basics proscribed by law b .respecting other's privacy and confidentiality c. respecting and actively promoting clients self-determination d. acknowledging that personal choice 4.Ensure competence

Given a scenario, identify examples of areas to improve the therapeutic relationship through compassionate care

1. compromising during agreement- 2.inquiring about satisfaction 3. role clarification 4. demonstrating caring about the entire family ex-Merril is working with a client who has two older siblings. The parent often spends time discussing how treatment takes their time away from the other children and would like to balance their time better. 5. acknowledging mistakes or treatment failures 6. being patient 7. being reassuring

Which of the following are benefits of increased cultural competence and empathetic responding?

1. increased acceptability of behavior analysis by culturally diverse groups 2.designing culturally acceptable interventions 3.reduction in interpersonal injury

Integrating culturally responsive practices will help:

1. outcomes of intervention 2. the impression of the field 3. client comfort -Being culturally sensitive in our practice will improve outcomes of the interventions, the impression of the field of behavior analysis, and the comfort level of the client and family

What can culture impact?

1. prioritization of targets ex- church attendance, work vs leisure activity , ability to seat quietly in dance recital 2. impact on what is punishing or rewarding ex- social praise can be culturally variable, what is administered as consequence is partly culturally determined 3.Impact on what procedures might be used- procedures might be appealing or not appealing, it is important to ensure that procedures are comfortable 4. Impact on access- are we making assumptions about access to devices, WI-FI, to materials

The two main issues that need to be corrected in the translator scenario are:

1. provide parents with treatment information from the IEP team 2.take corrective action at the organizational level -In this scenario, the parents still need information from the IEP team, as is their right. Additionally, corrective action at the organizational level can increase the likelihood that a similar scenario does not happen again in the future. Punishment or corrective action for the parents or the individuals themselves will not produce a meaningful change and is inappropriate given the scenario.

The training methods used within the Gatzunis (2020) study included:

1. rehersal/practice 2. oral description 3. written summary of the skills 4. performance feedback

Identify the three primary suggestions from the Miller et al. (2019) article on ways to strive for cultural responsiveness:

1. seeking new experiences- expose yourself to experiences, celebrations, and contexts are unfamiliar ex-Julio hears about a training event hosted by his local university on holiday celebrations of North African people and cultures. This is not something he is familiar with, so he decides to make it a point to attend 2. nurturing a community a. create a shared mission b.share resources c.build community to the outcome d. learn from other disciplines 3. allocating time towards experiences and behavior a.create experiences around responsiveness b.include it in agenda items of meetings c. take data on the impact of your interventions

Given a scenario, identify examples of factors contributing to problems in the therapeutic relationship

1. seems to have his or her own agenda about the direction of my child's program 2. underestimates my child's ability 3. focuses too much on my child's challenging behavior 4.failed to communicate with me 5. focuses too much on my child's deficits

Cultural targets to address can include:

1. technical jargon 2. roles of family members 3. preferred languages

Why should behavior analysis respect cultural values?

1. universal desire for respect and be understood and validated 2. we seek good impressions from families 3.we desire better outcomes with those we serve 4. we want an improved reputation for the field 5. we want to be a catlyst for change

Miguel is supervising two students working toward BCBA hours. He is working to embed the concepts into their supervision. What are ways he could do that?

1.observe interactions wiyh families 2.assign articles and reviews 3.use rubrics

The Gatzunis et al. (2021) survey is designed to evaluate how well cultural humility and---- are embedded into----.

1.responsiveness 2.Supervision

Checklists help practitioners:

1.understand bias 2. identify goals for improvement 3. increase sensitivity to those served

List the areas to address to advance toward cultural competence:

Awareness strategies, knowledge, and communication"

Vancouver cultural competence checklist

Awareness: 1. accept ambiguity 2. challenge stereotypes 3. awareness of social justice issues 4. awareness of privilege white Knowledge 1. understand the influence culture can have 2. commitment to lifelong learning 3. understand the impact of racism 4. know my limitations

Which of the following is an item from ASHA's service delivery tool?

I provide written information for clients to take home in their preferred language is from ASHA'S service delivery tool. The other items are from ASHA'S personal reflection tool and policies and procedures tool.

Which of the following is a statement included on the ASHA personal reflection tool?

I treat all of my client with respect for their culture - Personal reflection is one of the three tools for assessing cultural competence using the ASHA. This checklist helps practitioners assess their own views of cultural differences in order to work on being more culturally competent. Checklist items include, "I treat all of my clients with respect for their culture; I do not impose my beliefs and value systems on my clients, their family members, or their friends; I believe that it is acceptable to use a language other than English in the U.S.; I accept my clients' decisions as to the degree to which they choose to acculturate into the dominant culture."

which of the following is a statement included on the ASHA personal reflection tool?

I treat all of my clients with respect for their culture -personal reflection is one of the three tools assessing cultural competence using ASHA.This checklist helps practitioners asses their own views of cultural differences in order to work on being more culturally competent. Checklsit items include "I treat all of my clients with respect for their culture; i do not imporse my beliefs and value systems on my clients, their family members, or their friends;I believe that it is acceptable to use a language other than English in the US; I accept my clients decisions as to the the degree to which they choose to acculturate into the dominant culture."

List ways to increase cultural competence/empathetic responding:

Increase awareness of self and awareness of clients, teach these skills, use organizational strategies"

Which of the following code standards relates to cultural differences?

Providing effective treatment -The BACB Ethics Code addresses cultural responsiveness in several areas of the code to stress the importance of being more culturally aware. These code standards include: 1.07: Cultural Responsiveness and Diversity, 4.07: Incorporating and Addressing Diversity, 1.05: Practicing within Scope of Competence, 1.08: Nondiscrimination, 1.09: Nonharassment, 1.10: Awareness of Personal Biases and Challenges, 2.01: Providing Effective Treatment, 2.08: Communication About Services, 2.09: Involving Clients and Stakeholders, 2.16: Describing Behavior Change Interventions Before Implementation, and 2.19: Addressing Conditions Interfering with Service Delivery

Provide a definition of compassionate care:

Responding empathetically and attempting to relieve suffering in others"

Explain how responses are categorized in the service delivery tool:

Responses are rated from 1 (always) to 3 (rarely)"

Explain why "competence" might be a flawed term to use

Seems to allude to 'competence' that can be achieved, and the process is complete, as opposed to an ongoing process of continuous learning"

Define cultural competence

The knowledge, skills, behaviors, attitudes, and policies that enable effective work in cross-cultural situations

In the case of gifts and gift-giving, what factors are important to balance?

We need to balance allowing a family to express their gratitude in a way that doesn't disrespect them while also working to align ourselves with the ethical code" There is a constant balancing act within these scenarios. We must balance the fact that the family wants to express their gratitude while aligning ourselves with the ethical code. If we accept all gifts and ignore the ethical code, this has obvious ethical and practical considerations. If we decline all gifts by rigidly adhering to the ethical code, we may push our clients away and, thus, negatively impact their ability to receive services.

Four organizational strategies for developing cultural awareness a.Identify each b.Identify examples

a.Identify each b.Identify examples 1. cultural officer 2. training ex- Sharon, BCBA, is responsible for onboarding new employees/ She assigns all new employees an article to read about overcoming language barriers when working with immigrant families. Later, she shows them a video of her using techniques from the article while speaking with a person whose primary language is different from her own. Afterward, the new employees role play using the techniques with one another while sharon observes and provides feedback. 3. supervision embedding- ex-Ling Ma is responsible for the oversight of several BCaBAs in her agency. Every month, she assigns a journal article or book chapter for them to read and designates one BCaBA to spend 10 minutes presenting the main points of the assigned reading. This is followed by group discussion. Ling makes certain that at least four articles per year are related to diversity or cultural competence. 4.social validity assessment

Three tools for cultural competence from ASHA a.Identify each b.Identify examples and non-examples of each

a.Identify each b.Identify examples 1. personal reflection a. I treat all of my client with respect for their culture b.I do not impose my beliefs and values systems on my clients, their family members, or their friends c.I believe that is acceptable to use a language other than English in the U.S. d. I accept my client's decisions as to the degree to which they choose to acculturate into the dominant culture e. I understand how culture can affects child-rearing practiced such as toileting, feeding, education, family roles. 2. service delivery a. I include the clients and their families as partners in determining outcomes for treatments b. I recognize differences in narrative styles and pragmatic behaviors that vary across cultures c. i learn about acceptable behaviors and customs that are prevalent in my client's cultures d. I consider my clients beliefs in both traditional and alternative medicines when i prescribe a treatment regimen e. I provide written information for the clients to take home in their preferred languages f. I ask questions about the client's language developmental delay history g. I ask clients family members and friends about the clients ability to use their native language and english 3. policies and procedures- a.designed to heighten awareness of an agency's policies and procedures b. my agency/programs has a mission statement which states that all persons shall receive appropriate services b. my agency/program has a list of interpret for both manually coded and spoken communication available c.my agency/program has a policy for handling staff members inappropriate language of behavior, related to race, ethnicity, gender, ability, or sexual orientation

Three skills for defining and building cultural competence a.Identify each b.Identify examples and non-examples of each

a.Identify each b.Identify examples and non-examples of each 1. awarness- can include engaging in self-reflection, determining how ready you are to serve a population, and immersing yourself in the culture of your client. 2. knowledge- a. stay informed on scientific evidence relevant to the evaluation and treatment of diverse children and families b.critically evaluate and determine the fit between an assessment or intervention and the cultural backgrounds of children and families c.gain knowledge about the culture(values, beliefs, and practices) and history of diverse children and families d. be guided by understanding of the population as a whole 3. Communication-a.refers to building a relationship with the client and family and learning how to communicate with them to ensure their level of comfort. b. If not language-speaking, become skilled at working with a translator c. become skilled in engaging and working with family members d.partner with traditional and spiritual leaders e. when unsure, ask questions and practice active listening

Cultural incapacity a.Define b.Identify examples and non-examples

a.define- A situation where the dominant culture within a system does not acknowledge differences and remains biased toward the dominant culture. Maintain stereotypes. ex- expressed beliefs in racial inferiority, teachers being biased towards students of color

Which of the following is an area of awareness described in the Vancouver Cultural Competence Self-asssesment checklist?

accept ambiguity - Some examples of awareness include our acceptance of ambiguity or uncertainty in cross-cultural situations, our awareness of any stereotypes we may have, our awareness of any stereotypes we may have, our awareness of social justice issues for given population, and our awareness of certain privileges we may have if we are white.

Which of the following is an area of Awareness described in the Vancouver Cultural Competence Self-Assessment Checklist?

accept ambiguity - The Vancouver Cultural Competence Self-Assessment Checklist addresses our awareness and knowledge of culture and cultural differences. Some examples of awareness include our acceptance of ambiguity or uncertainty in cross-cultural situations, our awareness of any stereotypes we may have, our awareness of social justice issues for a given population, and our awareness of certain privileges we may have if we are white.

Sofia, a BCBA, is working with a client from a large family. Her client's father is embarrassed and concerned about his family's reaction to his son's need for therapy. He refuses to interact with Sofia or participate in treatment. What area may the family's cultural norm be affecting?

acceptability of services -Understanding cultural influences is important when providing services. Culture can affect treatment expectations, acceptability of services, how we prioritize targets, and what procedures are used. When we consider cultural impact on acceptability of services, we are considering the family's level of acceptance of the need for services and their comfort level with services being provided in their home. In this example, the client's father has not yet accepted the need for services and is unwilling to participate due to feelings of embarrassment. When we consider what procedures to use, we take into account that some interventions may not be acceptable in some cultures. We determine what is most important to the client and family and address those concerns first when we prioritize targets. We consider cultural impacts on treatment expectations, understanding that a family may have a different view of the focus of treatment and how we should intervene.

In the Gatzunis (2020) study, each of the following skills were targeted except:

behavior skills training

Paddy completed the CRSS tool. What is the suggested next step?

complete 500-1000 word paper discussing the scores -After completing the self-assessment tool it is suggested to write a paper to discuss the scores and assess how one came to those answers. This is a good way to integrate concepts in a more specific individualized way. Retaking the self-assessment is not recommended at this point. An action plan should be developed, though it is suggested to develop the plan after the written paper. Completion of the self-assessment is the first step, not the final step.

A belief that cultural differences are irrelevant and treating all the same without acknowledging differences describes:

cultural blindness

Pamela is working with a family whose primary language is Spanish. She only speaks English with the family and does not get an interpreter because she says she does not want to treat them differently and feels this will help them speak English more fluently. This is an example of:

cultural blindness

Ronald says "Schools should have a white history month since there is a black history month"

cultural blindness

A set of behaviors, attitudes, and policies that enable an individual to work effectively in cross-cultural situations. This describes:

cultural competence -Cultural competence refers to an individual's or organization's ability to be effective in cross-cultural situations due to their values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. Cultural humility refers to the willingness to self-reflect and learn about power imbalances, biases, and inequalities in our society. Cultural responsiveness refers to creating a safe, inclusive environment where differences are respected and honored.

The willingness to self-reflect and learn to see and address inequities in our society. This describes:

cultural humility -is a willingness to become self-aware and learn about biases, power imbalances, and inequalities in our society. Cultural competence refers to an individual's or organization's ability to be effective in cross-cultural situations due to their values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. Cultural responsiveness refers to creating a safe, inclusive environment where differences are respected and honored.

A situation where the dominant culture within a system does not acknowledge differences and remains biased toward the dominant culture describes:

cultural incapacity

During intial discussion with new clients, Malcolm makes a point to acknowledge the cultural factors have an impact on various aspects of treatments such as goals and procedures. He invites his clients to be open and honest with him about their culture and preferences so that he can provide the best treatment possible for them. He lets them know that no one on the team will judge them for their differences

cultural responsiveness - refers to creating a safe, inclusive environment where differences are respected and honored.

Results in establishing safe and inclusive environments viewing differences as strengths. This describes:

cultural responsiveness -refers to creating a safe, inclusive environment where differences are respected and honored. Cultural competence refers to an individual's or organization's ability to be effective in cross-cultural situations due to their values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. Cultural humility refers to the willingness to self-reflect and learn about power imbalances, biases, and inequalities in our society.

Thiago scored a 1 on two categories of the Culturally Responsive Supervision Self-Assessment Tool. What should he do to address these areas?

develop a plan for improvement - A plan for improvement should be developed that includes specific actions that will be taken to improve on the areas. Every area with a score of 2 or less should be addressed. Taking the test again in a few months without developing a specific plan will likely not lead to substantial improvement. Telling one's clients is not the best approach, especially if no plan of improvement has been developed and followed

During a parent interview, the client's father states that the family moved from their previous home after his spouse passed away. The BCBA states that she is sorry for the family's loss and that the transition and experience sounds like it was very challenging. Based on this example, what target is being demonstrated in the interview?

empathetic statements

Terry, a BCBA, is working with a family to teach their child a selection-based communication method. Terry believes that he should use PECS. The child's mother feels that carrying a book around to communicate is not normal and wants to use a tablet, instead. Which area of service is being impacted?

procedures to use -Understanding cultural influences is important when providing services. Cultural cues can affect how we prioritize targets, what procedures we use, and what is punishing or rewarding. Some interventions may not be acceptable in certain cultures. In this example, the parent expressed disapproval of the use of PECS, so the BCBA must be sensitive to this and work with the family on another procedure. Considering cultural impact on prioritization of targets means we determine what is most important to the client and family and address those concerns first. Considering cultural impact on what is punishing or rewarding means that stimuli may or may not function as a punisher or reinforcer depending on the culture of the family.

Define cultural responsiveness

respect and honor diversity

Ling Ma is responsible for the oversight of several BCaBAs in her agency. Every month, she assigns a journal article or book chapter for them to read and designates one BCaBA to spend 10 minutes presenting the main points of the assigned reading. This is followed by group discussion. Ling makes certain that at least four articles per year are related to diversity or cultural competence. This is an example of which organizational strategy for developing cultural awarness?

supervision embedding -refers to making the development of cultural awareness a standard part of supervisory activities.

Survey results from Beaulieu et al. (2018) indicate that it is common for behavior analysts to feel comfortable with working with individuals of diverse backgrounds.

true -The Beaulieu et al. (2018) study showed results that indicated a discrepancy. 88% of respondents agreed that training on how to work with diverse populations is very or extremely important. Additionally, 88% of respondents reported they felt moderately or extremely skilled at working with individuals from diverse backgrounds. The discrepancy, however, is that the majority of those same participants indicated they had little to no training on working with diverse populations in their coursework.