Unit 1 Psychology test (Final Exam)

According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of psychology was on the scientific study of?

conscious experience

Dr. Mayhew finds that children who are randomly assigned to watch television shows containing many acts of violence later show more aggressive behavior during recess than children who are randomly assigned to watch television shows containing no acts of violence. In the experiment, the dependent variable is

the level of aggression behavior displayed by the children during recess

Research finds that, in general, the higher an incoming college student scores on a given test, the higher the student's college grade point average (GPA). Which of the following best describes this relationship?

A positive correlation

Which procedure can reduce problems associated with the use of deception by a researcher?

Debriefing

Introspection as practiced by early structuralists is best illustrated by which of the following behaviors?

Describing one's immediate sensations while looking at a rose

Which of the following research approaches would be best for testing the hypothesis that the presence of certain odors causes people to gamble more?

Experimental

What is the correct chronological order of the following perspectives of psychology, from past to present? I. Behaviorism II. Psychoanalysis III. Structuralism IV. Humanism

III, II, I, IV

Which of the following studies demonstrates a cross-sectional research design?

Testing first, third, and fifth graders at the beginning of the school year

On a test, the mean score for a class of 100 students is 80 and the standard deviation of the scores is 10. The professor who gave the test then realizes that she made a scoring error, which she corrects by adding 5 points to each student's score. The standard deviation of the students' new scores is

10

A student who scored at the mode would have how many points? 8 6 5 10 5 7 1 5 10

5

A test has a mean of 80 with a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following scores is within one standard deviation of the mean?

77

Professor González is interested in evaluating the ability of a new method of note-taking to improve student grades. Group A is trained in the new method and group B uses the traditional outline method of taking notes. What is Professor González' independent variable?

Method of note-taking

Gestalt psychology is concerned primarily with understanding which of the following?

Perception

If the outcome of a study is statistically significant, it means that

The results are unlikely to be obtained if there is no difference between the control group and the experimental group

A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What is the independent variable in this study?

Type of television program viewed

A psychological researcher designs a study to determine whether positive feedback affects self-esteem. The researcher requires each participant to toss twenty coins into a coffee can that is three feet away. Half of the participants are told that their performance is superior, and the other half are told that their performance is well below average. Although some of the participants want to quit tossing coins after a few attempts, they are told that once they begin the study they have to complete it. After the coin toss, participants take a test measuring self-esteem. Following the test, all participants are debriefed and told that information about their performance was false. Results of the study indicate that participants who are told their performance is well below average report lower levels of self-esteem than do those who are told their performance is superior. Which of the following violations of ethical guidelines occurs in the study?

Violation of the right to withdraw

A person displays a set of rare behaviors that psychologist had not known about previously, because nobody had ever shown them before. The best strategy to investigate the nature of these behaviors is

a case study

To minimize experimenter bias, researchers should use

a double-blind design

Which of the following characterizes a behavioral approach to psychology?

a study of how reinforcement affects learning

In an experiment to test the effects of hunger on aggressive behavior, aggressive behavior would be the

dependent variable

Experimental research differs from correlational research in that experimental research

may reveal a causal relation

Students from a journalism class ask only their friends to participate in a school newspaper survey and neglect to ask the rest of the student body. The journalism students' data may not be generalizable due to

sampling bias