Anatomy: Module 3

अब Quizwiz के साथ अपने होमवर्क और परीक्षाओं को एस करें!

What is contained in the hilum?

- primary bronchus • pulmonary veins • pulmonary artery • bronchial vessels • pulmonary nerves • lymph vessels

lymphatic drainage of breast?

-75% to axillary lymph -medially via parasternal lymph nodes

Pericardium layers?

-Parietal pericardium -Parietal -Fibrouspericaridum (superficial)

what is the Thoracentesis? and our concern?

-Travel in ICS just inferior to rib (VAN) -avoiding damage to IC structures

L ventricle landmarks?

-bicuspid valve -aortic valve -chordae tendinae

Aorta pathway/branches?

-brachiocephalic trunk-->RCC & R subclavian -LCC -L subclavian

Landmarks of the female breast?

-circular base(ribs 2-6) -axillary tail(inferior border of pec to axilla)

2 pleural recesses?

-costodiaphragmatic (larger) -costomediastinal (antero-lateral)

Fibrous pericardium attachments?

-diaphragm -sternum via sternopericardial ligagment

L atrium landmarks?

-foramen ovale -pulmonary vein openings -bicuspid valve

Layers of the heart wall?

-myocaridum-cardiac muscle -endocardium-lining layer of heart chambers -epicardium-blends into visceral layer of serous pericardium

Intercostal veins drain to?

-posterior to azygos system (azygos/hemi/accessory hemi) -anteriorly into internal thoracic veins

R ventricle landmarks?

-tricuspid valve -papillary muscle/chordae tendinae -pulmonary valve

What is located at the sternal angle?

1)bifurcation of trachea(carina) 2)beginning and end of aortic arch 3) 2nd Rib

True Ribs & attachment

1-7 - attach directly to sternum

Floating Ribs

11 & 12

Which thoracic vertebrae do not have transverse facets?

11 & 12

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

12

What does the costocervical trunk supply?

1st, 2nd ICS

Primary bronchi Lobar bronchi segmental bronchi

2 2 left, 3 right 10 each side

L lung anatomy?

2 lobes oblique fissure lingula & cardiac notch

R lung anatomy?

3 lobes - superior/middle/inferior 2 fissures - horizontal/oblique

R lung: How many bronchopulmonary segments/lobe?

3-superior 2-middle 5-inferior

Posterior intercostal arteries supply?

3rd-11th intercostal spaces (COMPLETE 10th&11th coverage)

Where is the nipple located? relation to apex of heart?

4th ICS -apex of heart just inferior medial to L nipple

False Ribs & attachment

8-10 - attach "indirectly" to sternum via 7th Rib

Which vertebrae only have 1 costal facet?

9-12

L Coronary artery branches

A-anterior interventricular/descending(supplies septum & left ventricle) B-Circumflex(supples L atrium/ventricle) C-Marginal(supplies L ventricle)

R coronary artery branches

A-nodal branches (supply SA/VA nodes) B-marginal(supplies R vntricle) C-posterior interventricular/descending(supplies R ventricle

The heart shadow will be widened in what chest x-ray view?

AP

Where does gas exchange start in tracheobronchial tree?

Acinus/respiratory bronchioles

Inferior mediastinum sections and contains what?

Anterior - internal thoracic vessesl, fat, lymph Middle - heart, pericardium, roots of great vessels Posterior - esophagus,descending aorta,thoracic duct,lymph nodes

vertical line along anterior axillary fold (formed by pec major)?

Anterior Axillary

What is the vertical line through sternum in mid-saggital plane?

Anterior median (midsternal) line

What is the most common site of Rib Fracture?

Costal Angle

Intercostal nerve pathway?

Exit spinal IVF--branches into anterior/posterior rami

Typical Rib Landmarks?

Head, Neck, Tubercle, Shaft, Costal Angle

Where is the Pulmonic area?

L 2nd ICS

Where is the tricuspid(area) auscultated?

L 4th or 5th ICS

Where is the Mitral/Apex?

L 5th ICS/midcalvicular line

Which intercostal veins drain directly to brachiocephalic trunk?

Left 1-4th intercsotals

Where is Erb's point?

Left 3rd ICS

vertical line though apex of axilla (armpit)?

Mid axillary line

What is the vertical through midpoints of the clavicles, parallel to median line?

Midclavicular lines (MCL)

vertical line through posterior axillary fold (formed by latissimus dorsi and teres major)?

Posterior axillary line

vertical line through spinous processes of vertebrae in mid-saggital plane?

Posterior median (midspinal or midvertebral) line

What is the most anterior valve?

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Left surface of heart also called?

Pulmonary surface

Where is the aortic area?

R 2nd ICS

Coronary Sinus drains INTO where?

R atrium

Base of the heart formed by?

R atrium(posterior aspect)

Azygos vein receives blood from where?

Right intercostals & hemi/accessory hemi veins

Conducting pathway of heart?

SA node >> AV node >> AV bundle(of his) >> bundle branches >> purkinje fibers

Azygos vein drains to?

SVC

SVC/IVC blood returns

SVC-from areas superior to diaphragm IVC-from areas inferior to diaphragm

R atrium landmarks?

SVC/IVC coronary sinus opening fossa ovalis tricuspid valve

vertical lines that pass through inferior angles of the scapula, line is parallel to posterior median line?

Scapular lines

Pulmonary trunk function?

Sends unoxygenated blood to the lungs

Mediastinum sections?

Superior/Inferior

Typical & Atypical Ribs (#'s)?

Typical: 3-9 Atypical: 1,2,10-12

Where do most breast cancers occur?

Upper outer (superior-lateral) quadrant

What is the pericardial cavity in between?

Visceral and Parietal pericardium (serous pericardium)

What is an accessory pattern?

abnormal pattern - "shrug" found in patients with COPD and other pulmonary diseases

What does the inferior aperture contain?

allows esophagus, IVC, aorta to pass to abdominal cavity

What does the internal thoracic artery supply

anterior 1-9th ICS

Superior mediastinum contains?

aorta/great vessels trachea esophagus

Coronary arteries originate where?

base of the aorta

Auscultation Ally location?

between midvertebral and scapular line

Where does the cartilage begin to dissappear in tracheobronchial tree?

bronchioles

What is the ridge of the bifurcation of trachea called?

carina

What is the ridge of the bifurcation of trachea called?

carina (@ sternal angle)

sternocostal joints connect?

costal cartilage and sternum

What are the thoracic branches of the subclavian artery?

costocervical trunk & internal thoracic artery

What is active during inspiration at rest?

diaphragm

What is active during inspiration in exercise(not extreme)?

diaphragm & external intercostals

What is active during inspiration in extreme exercsie?

diaphragm, external intercostals, SCM, scalenes, maybe PECS

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

dormant virus in single segmental nerve

When does the aortic pressure create backflow? causing what?

early diastole filling of the coronary arteries to supply myocardium

What does the superior aperture contain?

esophagus, trachea, nerves and blood vessels to head/neck/UE

Transversus thoracis function?

expiration - depress ribs)

Layers of thoracic wall musculature superficial to deep?

external intercostals --> internal intercostals --> innermost intercostals

Coronary sinus receives blood FROM where?

great/middle/small cardiac veins and oblique vein of left atrium

What side of the rib articulates with the vertebrae?

head - via facets

What happens to thoracic wall during inspiration?

increase in AP & lateral diameter(bucket handle) and superior to inferior length

Diaphragmatic surface of heart - also called what?

inferior

subcostal artery supplies?

inferior to 12th rib

where does the trachea begin?

inferior to larynx(cricoid cartilage)

levator costarum function?

inspiration - elevate ribs

subcostal muscles function?

inspiration - elevate ribs

What does the anterior rami of intercostal nerves supply?

intercostal spaces

What veins drain the intercostal spaces?

intercostal veins

What is active during expiration in exercise?

internal intercostals & abdominals(rectus & obliques)

What are the borders of the costovertebral angle? What is located in it?

last rib(12) and spine Kidneys

Hemizygos and accessory hemizygos receive blood from where?

left 5th-12th ICS

Phrenic Nerve Action/innervation

motor/sensory to diaphragm (C3-5)

Where is the sternal angle located?

munbriosternal joint

Which pulmonary pleura lines the diaphragm?

parietal pleura

What are the branches of the thoracic aorta?

posterior intercostal & subcostal

costotransverse joints connect?

rib with transverse process

Costovertebral joint connect?

rib with vertebral body

costochondral joints connect?

ribs articulate with cartilage

Bones of the thoracic wall?

ribs, vertebrae T1-T12, sternum(manubrium/xyphoid included)

What is the hilum/root?

site where hte lung becomes covered by visceral pleura

Common landmarks of thoracic vertebrae?

spinous process, transverse process, costal facets, transverse costal facets

Regions of the diaphragm?

sternal/costal/lumbar

Anterior surface of the heart - also called what?

sternocostal surface

SC joint connection?

sternum and clavicle

Which layer or pulmonary pleura is deep?

visceral pleura


संबंधित स्टडी सेट्स

Consumer research final ch 11-14

View Set

Chapter 7: Decision Making and Creativity

View Set

Questions for Senior Qualifier Revised

View Set

Ch. 7 - Brokerage Relationships: Law and Practice Part 2

View Set

Intro to Sociology, Sociology Study Guide Chapters 1-4, Sociology 120, Sociology, Sociology Exam 1

View Set

S. S. Chapter 8 Arrival in Canada

View Set