Unit 2: Citation & Source Use

peer-reviewed article (n.)

also "scholarly article"; a published academic article that has been rigorously reviewed by other scholars in the field and published as credible, original, and relevant

et al.

the abbreviation used in APA to denote multiple authors; used on the second and subsequent references to an article in the text of a paper (not in the References page) Ex.: Jones et al. (2012) argue that ** With et al., note that verbs are conjugated in the plural form

citation style (n.)

the format and guidelines for referencing ideas and sources, generally unique to an academic discipline or field; common styles include APA, MLA, and CSE

hanging indent (n.)

the formatting convention for References (or in MLA, Works Cited) pages, in which the first line of a citation is even with the left margin, and the second line of a citation is indented 0.5".

reference citation (n.)

the full citation included in the References page (in APA) or Works Cited page (in MLA); a reference citation includes information such as the authors' name(s), source title, larger source (journal, book), publication information, date of publication

quotation use (n.)

To include a quotation by introducing it with an attribution/introductory phrase and then providing brief explanation/interpretation of what the quotation means. Ex: According to Matsuda and Matsuda's (2010) article, "World Englishes . . ." (p. 362). In other words, they suggest that . . .

attribution (n.)

a short word or phrase used in summary, paraphrase, and quotation to show the reader the origin of an idea, phrase, or quotation Ex.: According to Matsuda and Matsuda (2010) . . .

in-text citation (n.)

the sentence-level citation for an idea, word, or phrase in APA: According to Matsuda and Matsuda (2010), "World Englishes. . ." (p. 362). OR Because World Englishes are changing the functions of English, writing teachers should focus on teaching the dominant discourses . . . (Matsuda & Matsuda, 2010).

to paraphrase (v.)

to provide a more specific explanation of the source that provides the reader with a sense of the source's arguments, claims, examples, etc.

direct quotation (n.)

to provide the exact words and structure from another work or text; quotation marks must be used

to summarize (v.)

to provide the main ideas of a work or text in substantially changed language and structure

italicize (v.) italics (n.)

to use the font style in which the letters are slightly slanted; used for the titles of journals, books, and other major works (not articles)

[ ] (brackets)

used to add or modify words inside a quotation, in order to fit the quotation more smoothly into your own writing Ex: When they write, college students need to be "thinking," as well as "unlearn[ing]" and "relearn[ing]" previous ideas about writing (Strong, 2006).

. . . (ellipses)

used to omit part of a quotation because it is not relevant to your own writing Ex: As Strong (2006) argues, "this idea encompasses the differences between high school writing and the writing expected from students on a college level . . . [because] most students themselves do not approach the writing as an opportunity to think."

to plagiarize (v.)

whether intentional or unintentional, including the ideas and/or specific language (vocabulary and structure) of another source without correctly using attribution phrases, in-text citations, and/or quotations to show the reader the origin of the ideas and/or language