Unit 2 Joints
What is a cartilaginous joint in which hyaline cartilage binds the bones together called
Synchondrosis
Synovial fluid is rich in (choose all that apply) _____
albumin and hyaluronic acid
The type of joint where adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from the matrix of one bone, cross the space between them, and penetrate into the matrix of the other bone are _____ joints
fibrous
The knee, which move in one plane with very little movement in any other direction is a _____ joint
hinge
The type of joint that moves in only one plane is ______
monaxial
The patella and its ligament form the _____ joint with the femur
patellofemoral
The collagen fibers that extend from the jaw into a tooth, anchoring it in place, is called a _______ ligament
periodontal
An elongated cylindrical bursae wrapped around a tendon is a ______ ______
tendon sheath
An elongated cylindrical bursae wrapped around a tendon is called a _____
tendon sheath
Define meniscus
A crescent shaped pad of fibrocartilage between bones
How are individual joints typically named
Based on the names of bones involved in the joint
Which structure cushions muscles and helps tendons slide over joints
Bursa
Synchondroses and symphyses are types of what kind of joint
Cartilaginous
Match the structural features of a synovial joint with the correct description: Ligament Fibrous capsule Tendon Meniscus Bursa Synovial membrane
Collagenous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone Outer layer of joint capsule continuous with the periosteum Collagenous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone Crescent shaped piece of fibrocartilage that functions to absorb shock and stabilize the joint Fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid Inner layer of joint capsule
In addition to the glenohumeral ligaments, what are the other ligaments that support the shoulder joint
Coracohumeral ligament and transverse humeral ligament
True or false: Joints are movable interfaces between two bones
False
True or false: The anatomical name of a joint is determined by the manner in which the bone ends are connected at the joint
False
True or false: The most common shoulder dislocation is the upward displacement of the humerus due to lack of protection superiorly by the rotator cuff
False
Which structure is found between the bones of the temporomandibular joint
Fibrocartilage pad
Which class of joints includes sutures and gomphoses
Fibrous
In regard to the degree of movement allowed, most synovial joints are which of the following
Freely movable
What is the anatomical name for the shoulder joint
Glenohumeral joint
The patellofemoral joint is an example of which class of synovial joint
Gliding
Identify examples of ball-and-socket joints. (Choose all that apply.)
Hip and Shoulder
The function of the anterior cruciate ligament is to prevent which action
Hyperextension
Of the list given, indicate all of the joints that are synostoses
Joint between left and right half of mandible and Closure of epiphyseal plate
Match the structural features of a synovial joint with the correct description: Articular cartilage Fibrous capsule Joint cavity Meniscus Bursa
Layer of hyaline cartilage on the surface of the articulating bones Outer layer of joint capsule continuous with the periosteum Space in between articulating structures filled with synovial fluid Crescent shaped piece of fibrocartilage that functions to absorb shock and stabilize the joint Fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid
Define synovial membrane
Lining of joint capsule of synovial joint that secretes synovial fluid
Within the knee joint, which structures absorb shock
Menisci and articular cartilages
Match each synovial joint with the correct description: Ball-and-socket Condylar Saddle Plane
Multiaxial joint with a hemispherical head that fits into a cuplike depression Biaxial joint with an oval convex that fits into a complementary shaped depression Biaxial joint; concave in one direction and convex in the other direction Usually a biaxial joint between flat surfaces or surfaces that are only slightly concave and convex
Match each synovial joint with the correct description: Ball-and-socket Hinge Pivot Plane
Multiaxial joint with a hemispherical head that fits into a cuplike depression Monaxial joint with a convex surface that fits into a concave depression Monoaxial joint in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis Usually a biaxial joint between flat surfaces or surfaces that are only slightly concave and convex
List the three types of sutures
Serrate, lap, plane
Tendons can serve which of the following functions? Select all that apply
Stabilize a joint Attach muscle to bone
What are four important muscles that help stabilize the shoulder joint
Supraspinatus Teres minor Infraspinatus Subscapularis
The tendons of which muscles form the rotator cuff
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis
List three types of fibrous joints
Suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis
Intervertebral discs comprised of fibrocartilage are found within what type of joints
Symphyses
What type of joint is found between the costal cartilage of rib one and the sternum
Synchondrosis
The fusion of the right and left mandible into a single mandible bone during fetal development is an example of the formation of what kind of joint
Synostosis
In which type of joint are the bones separated by a narrow, fluid-filled, encapsulated space
Synovial
Which structure attaches a muscle to bone and helps stabilize a synovial joint
Tendon
What are the two primary stabilizing structures of the knee
Tendon of the quadriceps femoris Tendon of the semimembranosus
In addition to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus, what other muscles stabilize the shoulder joint
Teres minor, biceps brachii, and subscapularis
What factors contribute to the fact that the most common shoulder dislocation is downward displacement of the humerus? (Choose all that apply)
The rotator cuff protects the joint in all directions except inferiorly and the shoulder is protected from above by the coracoid process, acromion, and clavicle
What are the functions of the menisci of the knee? Select all that apply
To absorb shock To prevent side-to-side sliding of femur
What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament
To prevent the tibia from being displaced backward
What are the three ligaments that support the shoulder joint
Transverse humeral ligament Coracohumeral ligament Glenohumeral ligaments
True or false: Bony joints are formed by ossification of either fibrous or cartilaginous joints
True
True or false: The manner in which the adjacent bones of a joint are bound to each other will correspond to differences in how freely the bones can move
True
Synovial fluid is rich in _____
albumin, hyaluronic acid
A cartilaginous joint, one with bones whose ends are linked by cartilage, is most likely a(n) _____
amphiarthrosis
The science of joint structure, function and dysfunction is called _____
arthrology
The narrow space separating bone ends within a synovial joint is called a(n) ______ cavity
articular
When fibrocartilage forms a pad across the entire joint capsule of a synovial joint, it is called a(n) ______ disc
articular
Synovial joints with a smooth hemispheric head that fits into a cuplike socket are _____ joints
ball and socket
A joint that can only move in two planes is ______
biaxial
The application of mechanical forces to living organisms is referred to as ______
biomechanics
The application of mechanical forces to living organisms; includes mechanical processes within the body is _____
biomechanics
Joints can be classified according to the manner in which the adjacent ______ are bound to each other
bones
Ossification of a fibrous or cartilaginous joint results in the formation of a ______ joint
bony
Ossification of a fibrous or cartilaginous joint results in the formation of a ______ joints
bony, synostosis, or synostotic
Fibrous sacs filled with synovial fluid and located in areas where friction from tendons take place and must be reduced are called _____
bursae
The subdeltoid, subacromial, subcoracoid, and subscapular ______ cushion muscles and tissues within the shoulder joint
bursae
The suprapatellar, prepatellar, and deep infrapatellar ______ are three of several structures that cushion areas around the knee joint
bursae
The bone ends of an amphiarthrodial joint are most likely held together by _____
cartilage
The bones of fibrous joints are bound together by _____
collagen
The type of fiber holding together the bones of a fibrous joint is ______
collagen
Biaxial synovial joints with an oval convex surface on one bone that fits into a depression on the other are classified as _____ joints
condylar (ellipsoid)
The radiocarpal joint of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints are examples of _____ joints
condylar (ellipsoid)
The fibular collateral ligament and tibial collateral ligament are found outside of the joint capsule and are therefore referred to as ______ ligaments
extracapsular
The fibular collateral ligament and tibial collateral ligaments are found outside of the joint capsule and are therefore referred to as ______ ligaments
extracapsular
A suture is an example of a class of bony, immovable joints called ______
fibrous
Joints involving an interosseous membrane (such as the ulnoradial and tibiofibular joints) are classified as _____ joints
fibrous
The connective tissue that encloses a joint cavity and merges with the periosteum of the bone is the _____
fibrous capsule
A joint in which a hard object, such as a tooth, is held in a bone cavity is called a _____
gomphosis
A tooth in its socket is specifically classified as a _____ joint
gomphosis
The functions of the menisci of the knee include ______
guide bones across each other stabilize joint absorb shock
The glenoid cavity of the scapula articulates with the _____
humerus
The function of the anterior cruciate ligament is to prevent ______ , a movement in which the knee is forced backwards beyond zero position.
hyperextension
A point where two bones meet is called a(n) ______
joint
The study of musculoskeletal movement is called _____
kinesiology
The _______ joint is the most complex of the diarthrotic joints
knee
The ring of fibrocartilage found around the margin of the glenoid cavity is called the glenoid _____
labrum
The ring of fibrocartilage found around the margin of the glenoid cavity is called the glenoid ______
labrum
A suture in which the bone edges are beveled and overlap is a ______ suture
lap
A strip of tough collagenous tissue attaching a bone to another bone is called a ______
ligament
The structures in the knee joint that absorb shock, stabilize the joint, and guide the bones across each other are the _____
menisci
The two C-shaped cartilages found in the joint cavity of the knee are collectively called the ______
menisci
A fibrocartilage pad found between the bones within the knee joint is called a(n) ______
meniscus
Hinge joints have _____ movement
monaxial
The type of joint that can move in any of the three fundamental mutually perpendicular planes are _____
multiaxial
Where are sutures found
only in the skull
The collagen fibers that extend from the jaw into a tooth, anchoring it in place, is called a ______ ligament
peridontal
The structure that holds the teeth firmly in place and allows them to move a little while chewing is the _____
peridontal ligament
A synovial joint that is monaxial and spins around its longitudinal axis (such as the atlantoaxial joint) is a _____ joint
pivot
The joints that allow slight, yet complex movements such as the joints between carpals, tarsals and the articular processes of the vertebrae are examples of ______ joints
plane
Synovial joints that have bone surfaces that are flat or only slightly concave and convex that allow the bones to slide over each other are _____ joints
plane (gliding)
The posterior cruciate ligament is critical to the stability of the knee. One of its functions is to ______
prevent the femur from sliding forward at the knee
Primary stabilizing structures of the knee include the tendons of _____
quadriceps and semimembranosus
Pivot joints include ______
radioulnar joints and atlantoaxial joints
In the shoulder joint, the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres major tendons form the ______ ______
rotator cuff
Synovial joints that are concave in one direction and convex in the other are classified as _____ joints
saddle
A suture in which the bone edges are interlocked together, appearing as a wavy line, is a ______ suture
serrate
A ligament is a _____
strip of collagenous tissue attaching bone to bone
Which fibrous joint is found only in the skull
suture
Serrate, lap, and plane refer to three types of _____
sutures
Synarthrotic fibrous joints between the bones of the skull are called ______
sutures
The cranial bones are bound together by fibrous joints called _____
sutures
A joint in which fibrocartilage binds the bones together is called a(n) ______
symphysis
Fibrous joints are also called ______
synarthroses
Types of cartilaginous joints include ______
synchondroses and symphyses
Joints involving an interosseous membrane (ulnoradial and tibiofibular joints) are examples of a type of fibrous joint called _____
syndesmoses
The shafts of the radius and ulna are bound to each other by long collagenous fibers that are classified as a _____ joint
syndesmoses
A ______ is a type of mobile fibrous joint in which the bones are held together by a band of long collagen fibers
syndesmosis
A bony, immovable joint is called a(n) _____
synostosis
The fluid within the articular (joint) cavity is called ______ fluid
synovial
The inner layer of a joint capsule that secretes synovial fluid is called the ______ membrane
synovial
What are the most structurally complex joints
synovial
Bursa are filled with _____
synovial fluid
Which are found in a joint capsule
synovial membrane and fibrous capsule
The largest and most complex diarthrosis of the body is the _____ joint
tibiofemoral
An example of a saddle joint is ______
trapizoimetacarpal