Unit 2 NDFS
The liver can convert glucose into fat if
glycogen storage reaches maximum capacity.
Protein functions as ______.
compounds that help maintain fluid and pH balance, enzymes, and antibodies
Which of the following are health conditions associated with a very high fiber intake (>60 grams per day), especially when combined with inadequate fluid intake?
constipation intestinal blockages
Which of the following are disease organism-fighting proteins?
Antibodies
Which of the following are good sources of soluble fiber?
Apples
What happens when cells metabolize glucose?
Energy is released
True or false: A high-fiber diet may increase the availability of nutrients.
False
True or false: DNA does not play a vital role in protein synthesis.
False
During low carbohydrate consumption which of the following will occur?
Production of ketone bodies
Stephen complains to his doctor of frequent urination and extreme thirst. Over the past 3 months, he also lost 12 pounds without dieting. His doctor sends him for tests to see if he has
diabetes.
Maltose, sucrose, and lactose are classified as
disaccharides
Maltose, sucrose, and lactose are classified as ______.
disaccharides
There are nine ______ amino acids that cannot be produced by the body and must be consumed as part of our diet.
essential
Nondigestible plant material is termed ______.
fiber
Most dietary ______ are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest.
fibers
Antibodies are proteins that function by _____.
fighting disease organisms
Which sugar is naturally found in fruit, honey, and a few vegetables?
fructose
Choose the hormone that prevents blood glucose from dropping too low.
glucagon
Proteins that contain all nine essential amino acids in amounts that support growth are considered ______.
high-quality (complete) protein
What is the technical term for high blood sugar?
hyperglycemia
Research shows that a high-protein diet may ______ calcium loss in urine.
increase
Health problems associated with obesity include ______.
infertility, metabolic syndrome, osteoarthritis
Match the hormone with its effect on blood glucose. insulin - glucagon -
insulin - decreases blood glucose glucagon - increases blood glucose
The form of malnutrition with stunted growth and swollen cheeks is
kwashiorkor
Signs of marasmus include
weakness, wasting
A high protein diet can increase ______ loss in urine.
calcium
The storage form of glucose is called
glycogen
Choose the accurate statements that explain why energy balance is a complex process.
weight gain varies even with the same amount of overfeeding, weight loss produces differing fat and lean mass losses
What percent of calories in the diet should come from carbohydrates?
45-65%
Which two variables are used to calculate a person's BMI?
height, weight
When there is not enough glucose available for cells, fat metabolism
is carried out inefficiently. results in excess ketone bodies.
There are a total of _____ nonessential amino acids and nine essential amino acids that the body needs in order to function.
11
Which range of BMI indicates healthy weight?
18.5 - 24.9
Which food rates very high for protein quality because it is easy to digest and has a pattern of essential amino acids that closely resembles that needed by humans?
eggs
Rank the order of blood glucose regulation beginning with eating a meal.
1. Eating a meal 2. Elevated blood glucose 3. Insulin released from the pancreas 4. Blood glucose level returns to normal
Match each term with the most appropriate definition. 1. Lactovegetarian: 2. Lactoovovegetarian: 3. ovovegetarian:
1. Eats milk and milk products but no animal flesh or eggs 2. Eats milk and milk products and eggs but no other animal foods 3. Eats eggs but no other animal foods
The AMDR for protein is _______% of energy intake.
10-35
are a major source of energy for cells.
Carbohydrates
Which of the following elements are combined to make a protein?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Which of the following are easy ways to increase your dietary fiber intakes to meet the AIs?
Choose vegetables Choose fiber-rich fruits Choose whole grains
What happens when excess protein is consumed?
It is metabolized for energy needs, It is turned into glucose or fat.
Which of the following foods are considered to have high-quality protein?
Meat, fish, eggs, poultry
Glycogen is comprised of many ______ units bonded together.
glucose
How does the body respond to an increase in blood glucose?
insulin is secreted by the pancreas
Glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the______, and in the ______.
liver, muscles
The body uses ______ in blood clotting compounds, as transporters, and to make certain hormones.
proteins
Which foods are good to consume to increase your dietary fiber intake?
brown rice oatmeal fresh fruit
Where is glycogen stored in the body?
liver
To determine a person's RDA for protein, multiply his or her weight in kilograms by ______.
0.8
Humans digest animal proteins better than plant proteins. For this reason, vegetarians may need to increase their protein intake by about ______% to meet their protein requirements.
10
What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range of energy from protein?
10-35%
Which of the following are monosaccharides?
glucose, fructose, galactose
The muscle and liver are major sites for the storage and formation of
glycogen
Signs of kwashiorkor include
discolored patches of skin, stunted growth, brittle hair
Name the most abundant monosaccharide found in the body.
glucose
What is the major monosaccharide in the body?
glucose
The primary function of glycogen is to
store glucose in the body
Excess glucose can result in
stored fat. stored glycogen.
The major function of carbohydrate is to ______.
supply the body with energy
A protein is deaminated and its carbon skeleton is used for energy or stored as fat when we consume
too much protein.
True or false: Fructose is known as fruit sugar or levulose.
True
True or false: Glucagon and insulin are both released from the pancreas.
True
True or false: Hyperglycemia occurs when an individual's blood sugar level is abnormally elevated.
True
True or false: The main function of glucose is to provide the body with a source of fuel.
True
What are some common deficiencies in a poorly planned plant-based diet?
Vitamin b-12, iron, vitamin d
A complete (high-quality) protein contains ______.
all nine essential amino acids
Proteins are made up of smaller units called
amino acids
Glucagon is released during times of _______ blood glucose levels.
low
Which of the following are disaccharides?
maltose sucrose lactose
The form of protein-energy malnutrition referred to as starvation is known as
marasmus
The three most important single sugars or _______, are glucose, fructose, and galactose.
monosaccharides
Simple carbohydrates include ______, which contain only one sugar unit, and _______, which contain two sugar units bonded together.
monosaccharides, disaccharides
Which of the following element is part of protein but not part of lipids or carbohydrates?
nitrogen
Which of the following occurs when the amount of protein consumed equals the amount of protein lost?
nitrogen equilibrium
Which of the following vegetarian diets allow a person to eat eggs but no other animal foods?
ovovegetarian
Amino acids are bonded together to form
proteins
The amount of carbohydrate to prevent ketosis is
130 g/day.
According to the Food and Nutrition Board, carbohydrates should provide ____% to ____% of total calories in the diet.
45 to 65%
Choose all of the following foods which are good sources of soluble fiber.
beans oat bran carrots
A(n) ______ complementation relates to plant proteins that combine to make up for each other's inadequate supply of individual essential amino acids. When put together, the collective proteins supply a sufficient amount of all 9 essential amino acids.
protein
What is it called when two sources of protein combine to form a complete protein, whereas by themselves, they supply an inadequate amount of essential amino acids?
protein complementation
The process of breaking down old and unneeded proteins into their component amino acids and recycling them to make new proteins is called
protein turnover
Amino acids are the building blocks of _________.
proteins