Unit 2 NDFS

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The liver can convert glucose into fat if

glycogen storage reaches maximum capacity.

Protein functions as ______.

compounds that help maintain fluid and pH balance, enzymes, and antibodies

Which of the following are health conditions associated with a very high fiber intake (>60 grams per day), especially when combined with inadequate fluid intake?

constipation intestinal blockages

Which of the following are disease organism-fighting proteins?

Antibodies

Which of the following are good sources of soluble fiber?

Apples

What happens when cells metabolize glucose?

Energy is released

True or false: A high-fiber diet may increase the availability of nutrients.

False

True or false: DNA does not play a vital role in protein synthesis.

False

During low carbohydrate consumption which of the following will occur?

Production of ketone bodies

Stephen complains to his doctor of frequent urination and extreme thirst. Over the past 3 months, he also lost 12 pounds without dieting. His doctor sends him for tests to see if he has

diabetes.

Maltose, sucrose, and lactose are classified as

disaccharides

Maltose, sucrose, and lactose are classified as ______.

disaccharides

There are nine ______ amino acids that cannot be produced by the body and must be consumed as part of our diet.

essential

Nondigestible plant material is termed ______.

fiber

Most dietary ______ are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest.

fibers

Antibodies are proteins that function by _____.

fighting disease organisms

Which sugar is naturally found in fruit, honey, and a few vegetables?

fructose

Choose the hormone that prevents blood glucose from dropping too low.

glucagon

Proteins that contain all nine essential amino acids in amounts that support growth are considered ______.

high-quality (complete) protein

What is the technical term for high blood sugar?

hyperglycemia

Research shows that a high-protein diet may ______ calcium loss in urine.

increase

Health problems associated with obesity include ______.

infertility, metabolic syndrome, osteoarthritis

Match the hormone with its effect on blood glucose. insulin - glucagon -

insulin - decreases blood glucose glucagon - increases blood glucose

The form of malnutrition with stunted growth and swollen cheeks is

kwashiorkor

Signs of marasmus include

weakness, wasting

A high protein diet can increase ______ loss in urine.

calcium

The storage form of glucose is called

glycogen

Choose the accurate statements that explain why energy balance is a complex process.

weight gain varies even with the same amount of overfeeding, weight loss produces differing fat and lean mass losses

What percent of calories in the diet should come from carbohydrates?

45-65%

Which two variables are used to calculate a person's BMI?

height, weight

When there is not enough glucose available for cells, fat metabolism

is carried out inefficiently. results in excess ketone bodies.

There are a total of _____ nonessential amino acids and nine essential amino acids that the body needs in order to function.

11

Which range of BMI indicates healthy weight?

18.5 - 24.9

Which food rates very high for protein quality because it is easy to digest and has a pattern of essential amino acids that closely resembles that needed by humans?

eggs

Rank the order of blood glucose regulation beginning with eating a meal.

1. Eating a meal 2. Elevated blood glucose 3. Insulin released from the pancreas 4. Blood glucose level returns to normal

Match each term with the most appropriate definition. 1. Lactovegetarian: 2. Lactoovovegetarian: 3. ovovegetarian:

1. Eats milk and milk products but no animal flesh or eggs 2. Eats milk and milk products and eggs but no other animal foods 3. Eats eggs but no other animal foods

The AMDR for protein is _______% of energy intake.

10-35

are a major source of energy for cells.

Carbohydrates

Which of the following elements are combined to make a protein?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Which of the following are easy ways to increase your dietary fiber intakes to meet the AIs?

Choose vegetables Choose fiber-rich fruits Choose whole grains

What happens when excess protein is consumed?

It is metabolized for energy needs, It is turned into glucose or fat.

Which of the following foods are considered to have high-quality protein?

Meat, fish, eggs, poultry

Glycogen is comprised of many ______ units bonded together.

glucose

How does the body respond to an increase in blood glucose?

insulin is secreted by the pancreas

Glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the______, and in the ______.

liver, muscles

The body uses ______ in blood clotting compounds, as transporters, and to make certain hormones.

proteins

Which foods are good to consume to increase your dietary fiber intake?

brown rice oatmeal fresh fruit

Where is glycogen stored in the body?

liver

To determine a person's RDA for protein, multiply his or her weight in kilograms by ______.

0.8

Humans digest animal proteins better than plant proteins. For this reason, vegetarians may need to increase their protein intake by about ______% to meet their protein requirements.

10

What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range of energy from protein?

10-35%

Which of the following are monosaccharides?

glucose, fructose, galactose

The muscle and liver are major sites for the storage and formation of

glycogen

Signs of kwashiorkor include

discolored patches of skin, stunted growth, brittle hair

Name the most abundant monosaccharide found in the body.

glucose

What is the major monosaccharide in the body?

glucose

The primary function of glycogen is to

store glucose in the body

Excess glucose can result in

stored fat. stored glycogen.

The major function of carbohydrate is to ______.

supply the body with energy

A protein is deaminated and its carbon skeleton is used for energy or stored as fat when we consume

too much protein.

True or false: Fructose is known as fruit sugar or levulose.

True

True or false: Glucagon and insulin are both released from the pancreas.

True

True or false: Hyperglycemia occurs when an individual's blood sugar level is abnormally elevated.

True

True or false: The main function of glucose is to provide the body with a source of fuel.

True

What are some common deficiencies in a poorly planned plant-based diet?

Vitamin b-12, iron, vitamin d

A complete (high-quality) protein contains ______.

all nine essential amino acids

Proteins are made up of smaller units called

amino acids

Glucagon is released during times of _______ blood glucose levels.

low

Which of the following are disaccharides?

maltose sucrose lactose

The form of protein-energy malnutrition referred to as starvation is known as

marasmus

The three most important single sugars or _______, are glucose, fructose, and galactose.

monosaccharides

Simple carbohydrates include ______, which contain only one sugar unit, and _______, which contain two sugar units bonded together.

monosaccharides, disaccharides

Which of the following element is part of protein but not part of lipids or carbohydrates?

nitrogen

Which of the following occurs when the amount of protein consumed equals the amount of protein lost?

nitrogen equilibrium

Which of the following vegetarian diets allow a person to eat eggs but no other animal foods?

ovovegetarian

Amino acids are bonded together to form

proteins

The amount of carbohydrate to prevent ketosis is

130 g/day.

According to the Food and Nutrition Board, carbohydrates should provide ____% to ____% of total calories in the diet.

45 to 65%

Choose all of the following foods which are good sources of soluble fiber.

beans oat bran carrots

A(n) ______ complementation relates to plant proteins that combine to make up for each other's inadequate supply of individual essential amino acids. When put together, the collective proteins supply a sufficient amount of all 9 essential amino acids.

protein

What is it called when two sources of protein combine to form a complete protein, whereas by themselves, they supply an inadequate amount of essential amino acids?

protein complementation

The process of breaking down old and unneeded proteins into their component amino acids and recycling them to make new proteins is called

protein turnover

Amino acids are the building blocks of _________.

proteins


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