Unit 2

Which branch of the federal government consistently scores higher in levels of public trust than others?

judicial branch

Belief in a group's cause is an example of which type of incentive? a. purposive b. solidary c. economic d. ethical e. moral

a purposive

Which of these events is a strong example of the generational effect on the oldest Americans? a. World War II b. September 11, 2001 c. the Vietnam War d. the Civil War e. the Persian Gulf War

a. World War II

The validity of the poll is best determined by a. large online samples in which citizens are asked to voluntarily submit responses b. a sample of citizens who are contacted by large groups of volunteers going door to door c. a random sample of citizens in a poll whose margin of error is less than 4% d. a reliance on using television as the primary medium to contact citizens

c. a random sample of citizens in a poll whose margin of error is less than 4%

The practice of using public outreach to build favorable public opinion of an organization or company is known as a. issue networking b. environmental triangulation c. climate control d. electioneering e. reputation management

c. climate control

Political Action Committees give a large majority of their contributions to a. challengers in elections where there is an incumbent b. Republican candidates in elections where there is no incumbent c. Democratic candidates in elections where there is no incumbent d. incumbents of both parties

d. incumbents of both parties

Most national polling organizations rarely poll more than _______ respondents. a. 100 b. 150 c. 500 d. 1,000 e. 1,500

e. 1,500

How do political parties and interest groups differ?

political parties run candidates, interest groups do not

Interest groups are protected mainly by the _______ Amendment.

First

A poll that measures changes in public opinion over time is known as a ______ poll. a. straw b. Gallup c. tracking d. push e. exit

c. tracking

Which regions tend to favor Republicans? a. the West and major cities b. the West Coast and the South c. the South and major cities d. the Midwest and Northeast e. the South, West, and Midwest

e. the South, West, and Midwest

All of the following are groups primarily interested in social equality policy except a. World Wildlife Fund b. National Organization for Women c. Occupy Wallstreet d. Black Lives Matter

a. World Wildlife Fund

According to the graphic above (the Iron Triangle), the political actors that constitute the policymaking process of an "iron triangle" are a. an executive agency, Congressional committee, and interest groups b. elected officials, congressional committees, and independent agencies c. an interest group, corporations, and federal courts d. the president, congressional committees, and federal courts

a. an executive agency, Congressional committee, and interest groups

Which scenario best illustrates grassroots lobbying? a. an interest group encourages and organizes its members to contact their state legislators to support one of their policy goals b. a direct mail effort by an interest group to increase its membership rolls c. an interest group goes on television to talk about the goals and objectives of their organization d. a corporate PAC makes a large donation to a candidate a week before the election

a. an interest group encourages and organizes its members to contact their state legislators to support one of their policy goals

All of the following are examples of indirect strategies used by interest groups to advance their cause except a. buttonholing b. use of citizen grassroots lobbyists c. electioneering d. protests and civil disobedience e. endorsements and ratings

a. buttonholing

The benefits of public interest group activity are most often not limited to the group's membership, but rather result in a. collective goods b. the rational choice effect c. the umbrella problem d. consumer interests e. the limited interest effect

a. collective goods

What would be the most influential tactic used by an organization like the Chamber of Commerce to influence legislators? a. donate large sums of money to those who support their cause b. organize grassroots movements to lead a large rally in D.C. c. start a letter-writing campaign to local representatives d. recruit candidates from their organization to run for elected office

a. donate large sums of money to those who support their cause

Which of the following terms would be best applied to this chart (a lobbying graph)? a. elite democracy b. pluralist democracy c. participatory democracy d. direct democracy

a. elite democracy

Which factors have social scientists argued exert the strongest influence on political socialization? a. family, school, and the media b. family, peer groups, and religion c. school, religion, and the media d. school, peer groups, and civic participation e. civic participation, the media, and family

a. family, school, and the media

What is one issue with random sampling? a. it is difficult to obtain a truly random sample b. pollsters may be biased in who they include in their sample c. it leads to one section of the population being overrepresented in the sample d. it needs a larger amount of respondents to be accurate than other types of sampling

a. it is difficult to obtain a truly random sample

Political polling gains its legitimacy from a. its ability to reflect the mood of public opinion and policy wishes of constituents b. being scientifically accurate because of technological improvements c. its independence from the news media and elected officials d. the distrust of the public towards public opinion

a. its ability to reflect the mood of public opinion and policy wishes of constituents

Which of the following correctly pairs a political ideology with a government policy? a. liberal / believes that college admissions ought to support affirmative action programs b. conservative / opposes any government intervention to end discrimination c. libertarian / supports government efforts to ban personal possession of handguns d. populist / opposes economic tariffs that support domestic factory workers

a. liberal / believes that college admissions ought to support affirmative action programs

Which of the following scenarios represents an example of a solidary or purposive benefit that members receive for joining an interest group? a. members of the Sierra Club meet monthly for a hike at a local national park to mingle with like-minded members who who care about the environment b. members of the NRA receive a bumper sticker to place on their car showing their support for the Second Amendment c. members of the National Education Association use union dues to lobby their state legislatures for higher wages and better medical benefits d. members of the American Civil Liberties Union gets a 10% discount on hotels that they book using a special discount code

a. members of the Sierra Club meet monthly for a hike at a local national park to mingle with like-minded members who who care about the environment

The Pendleton Act of 1883 ended which of the following practices? a. patronage b. party conventions c. unregulated money in campaigns d. kickbacks

a. patronage

Which of the following best explains a core pillar of the theory of pluralism? a. politics is a competition among groups of people with coinciding interests b. politics is the study of individual citizens rather than group interests c. interest groups are too closely controlled by their leaders to be representative of the public as a whole d. federal courts should plan little to no role in the political process because these judges are not elected

a. politics is a competition among groups of people with coinciding interests

Which of the following statements would be a logical conclusion about public opinion polls? a. polls are used more frequently as gauges of political opinions of American cultures b. polls are rarely criticized, since polling is an objective way to get political information without interfering in the political process c. polls are used less frequently than before due to strict limits on campaign expenses d. polls used only by the government due to laws restricting their use by private citizens and organizations

a. polls are used more and more frequently as gauges of political opinions of American citizens

A challenger's campaign sends out a robocall to as many people in the incumbent's congressional district as possible asking if constituents would support the incumbent spending campaign funds to take his girlfriend on vacation. Which of the following describes this practice? a. push poll b. straw poll c. tracking poll d. exit poll

a. push poll

Which region has the largest population of those without a religious affiliation compared to other regions in the United States? a. the West b. the major cities c. the South d. the Midwest e. the Northeast

a. the West

Which of the following represents a liberal political belief? a. the government ought to make every effort to reduce unemployment b. tax cuts are the best solution to economic problems in a nation c. the government ought to implement race-blind policies regarding minority hiring d. the government should have zero tolerance for protest demonstrations

a. the government ought to make every effort to reduce unemployment

Which of the following explanation best explains why professionals like doctors and teachers might join a labor union interest group? a. the group advocates on their behalf for better pay and benefits b. the group uses their union due payments to lobby Republican legislators c. the group gets benefits and discounts form corporate sponsors d. the group provides opportunities to attend national conferences

a. the group advocates on their behalf for better pay and benefits

No matter how religious they are, _______ are likely to identify themselves as Democrats. a. white Americans b. African Americans c. Asian Americans d. Hispanic Americans e. Native Americans

b. African Americans

Which of the following is the most likely result of this poll? a. Democrats will start targeting Baby Boomers by offering to cut Social Security b. candidates will respond to Millennials' desire by offering a more generous social safety net c. Libertarians will spend more time recruiting Millennials instead of Generation X d. Republicans will run ads the Silent Generation promising more welfare

b. Candidates will respond to Millennials' desire by offering a more generous social safety net

Which of the following is most likely responsible for the recent trend shown in the graph (PAC contributions increasing over time)? a. Buckley v. Valeo b. Citizens United v. FEC c. proliferation of primaries d. gerrymandering

b. Citizens United v. FEC

Which of the following is most similar to the ruling decided in this Supreme Court case (Buckley v. Valeo)? a. the BCRA (2002) b. Citizens United v. FEC (2014) c. Hatch Act (1974) d. Shaw v. Reno (2003)

b. Citizens United v. FEC (2014)

In the 2016 election, 79% of Latinos supported Hillary Clinton over Donald Trump's 18%. Which of the following issues was likely the leading cause for this wide gap? a. Hispanics penchant to vote for the candidate who is considered the more "religious" candidate b. Hispanics who felt that Trump had an anti-immigration stance during his campaign c. Hispanics overwhelming support for increased border security with Mexico d. Hispanics who typically support a pro-choice candidate

b. Hispanics who felt that Trump had an anti-immigration stance during his campaign

Which of the following best describes random sampling? a. a statistical calculation of the difference in results between a poll of a randomly drawn sample and a poll of the entire population b. a scientific method of selection in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample c. a method of selection in which the target population is divided into fourths and certain areas within these regions are selected as representative of the national population d. a scientific method of selection in which pollsters structure a sample so that it is representative of the characteristics of the target population

b. a scientific method of selection in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample

Which of the following best describes quota sample? a. a scientific method of selection in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being included b. a scientific method of selection in which pollsters structure a sample so that it is representative of the characteristics of the target population c. a method of selection in which the target population is divided into fourths and certain areas within these regions are selected as representatives of the national population d. a statistical calculation of the difference in results between a poll of a randomly drawn sample and a poll of the entire population

b. a scientific method of selection in which pollsters structure a sample so that it is representative of the characteristics of the target population

Which of the following best describes margin of error? a. a method of selection in which the target population is divided into fourths and certain areas within these regions are selected as representative of the national population b. a statistical calculation of the difference in results between a poll of a randomly drawn sample and a poll of the entire population c. a scientific method of selection in which pollsters structure a sample so that it is representative of the characteristics of the target population d. a scientific method of selection in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample

b. a statistical calculation of the difference in results between a poll of a randomly drawn sample and a poll of the entire population

Former President Jimmy Carter bemoaned the influence of special interests, saying that they are "the single greatest threat to the proper functioning of our democratic system." Ronald Reagan said that interest groups are "placing out of focus our constitutional balance." What would these presidents think about the role of interest groups today? a. be happy about the role the Supreme Court has played in strictly limiting the amount of money in politics b. be worried that the role of Super PACs and 510(s)(4) groups have rapidly increased the amount of money in politics c. be encouraged by the wide-reaching amount of legislation passed by Congress to limit the amount of money in politics d. be concerned that the number of interest groups have grown exponentially and most Americans now are a member of an interest group

b. be worried that the role of Super PACs and 510(s)(4) groups have rapidly increased the amount of money in politics

Every political party depends upon a set of individuals or groups supporting it. Democrats often rely on minorities to support them while Republicans rely more on rural voters. What term are these groups referred to as? a. patronage b. coalition c. super delegates d. linkage institutions

b. coalition

In Federalist No. 10, James Madison described how a government could be designed to control the effects of a. monarchies b. factions c. representative government d. political parties

b. factions

The problem of someone deriving a benefit from the actions of others is known as the a. collective good distribution b. free rider problem c. umbrella problem d. collective good effect e. limited interest effect

b. free rider problem

The Supreme Court ruling in Citizens United profoundly impacted recent elections by a. enfranchising all ex-felons in the U.S. b. increasing the abilities of corporations and unions to spend unlimited money on political campaigns c. disbanding the Federal Election Commission d. ruling that the First Amendment limits the government's ability to regulate PAC spending

b. increasing the abilities of corporations and unions to spend unlimited money on political campaigns

Which of the following statements about interest groups would correspond with the viewpoint of the author (Schattshneider)? a. interest groups are usually co-opted by wealthy corporations and elites who have disproportional influence in society b. interest groups are necessary linkage institutions in a society where a multitude of citizens are trying to have their voices heard c. competing interest groups can oftentimes conflict with one another, leading to policy gridlock and legislative inaction d. interest groups are rarely criticized since the public overwhelming view lobbyists as positive contributors to a democracy

b. interest groups are necessary linkage institutions in a society where a multitude of citizens are trying to have their voices heard

Which of the following explains why politicians and citizens oftentimes criticize interest groups? a. interest groups provide information to members of congress that is favorable to a position taken by a special interest group b. interest groups may over represent the interests of elites, thus limiting representative democracy c. interest groups poll the public to help determine a position that a special interest group should take d. interest groups increase the awareness of special interest groups to the electorate

b. interest groups may over represent the interests of elites, thus limiting representative democracy

Which of the following best describes union membership in the United States since the 1960s? a. it has remained steady b. it has declined dramatically c. it has increased dramatically d. it has moderately declined e. it has moderately increased

b. it has declined dramatically

Organizations that allow individuals to communicate their preferences to policy-makers such as the media and political parties are often associated with what important political science concept? a. hyper pluralism b. linkage institutions c. gatekeeping d. grassroots organizing

b. linkage institutions

Studies indicate that children whose parents participate in civic life are _______ to do so themselves. a. about as likely b. more likely c. less likely d. much less likely

b. more likely

Which of the following phrases would most likely be associated with this case (Citizens United v. FEC)? a. the spoken word is not protected speech in every situation b. political speech is protected speech c. one's thoughts are protected speech d. fake news is not protected speech

b. political speech is protected speech

A libertarian voter would most likely support which type of government policy? a. oppose any government attempt to build highways or important national infrastructure b. support government block grants for welfare in order to reduce citizen dependency on it c. support a government policy of strengthening federal gun control laws d. support a government affirmative action plan to increase minority representation in colleges

b. support government block grants for welfare in order to reduce citizen dependency on it

Which of the following occupations are represented by labor unions? a. doctors and lawyers b. teachers and tradespeople c. executives in business and industry d. federal and state officials e. soldiers and security personnel

b. teachers and tradespeople

For Madison in Federalist No. 10, "the most common and durable source of factions has been..." a. unequal natural abilities of people b. the unequal distribution of property c. religion and ideology d. the various political views held by the elites

b. the unequal distribution of property

Which of the following PACs most likely donated more heavily to Democrats than to Republicans? a. National Rifle Association b. Walmart c. American Federation of Labor d. National Right to Life

c. American Federation of Labor

Which of the following is most likely policy preference for Americans? a. African Americans will support lower taxes and cuts to transportation spending b. Asians and others oppose an increase in minimum wage c. Hispanics will support more regulations on big business d. Whites support increased education funding

c. Hispanics will support more regulations on big business

White Protestants are most likely to vote a. Independent b. Democrat c. Republican d. Libertarian

c. Republican

Which of the following is an accurate statement according to the information in the table? a. Mexicans have little support for Republicans because of immigration policy b. Salvadorans show the greatest support for Independent candidates c. Republicans receive the most support from the Cubans as compared to other Latinos d. Puerto Ricans have the highest support for the Democratic Party

c. Republicans receive the most support from Cubans compared to other Latinos

Which of the following is the best explanation of an amicus curiae brief? a. one lawsuit which enables a group of similar plaintiffs to combine their grievances into a single suit to seek compensation b. an oral or written appeal of a court decision made by an interest group which is party to the particular case c. a written argument submitted to the courts in support of one side of a case d. a written statement of the court's decision

c. a written argument submitted to the courts in support of one side of a case

The term interest group is best be described as a. an organization that seeks a collective good, the achievement of which will not economically benefit individual members of the organization b. a group that has a narrow interest and pursues it goal without compromise c. an organization of people with similar policy goals entering the political process to try to achieve those aims d. an organization of people who share a common interest who run candidates in elections to gain control of the government

c. an organization of people with similar policy goals entering the political process to try to achieve those aims

Who can legally contribute to federal political action committees? a. citizens only b. citizens who vote in federal elections only c. citizens and legal immigrants only d. citizens and all immigrants, legal and illegal e. citizens, all immigrants, and foreigners

c. citizens and legal immigrants only

Which of the following examples shows how interest group participation has changed over the last decade? a. there has been an explosion of interest groups and people are much more likely today to join them b. individuals are more likely to join civic associations and community service organizations today c. citizens join virtual communities and use social media to keep in touch with others who share their interests d. voter turnout rates have been rapidly increasing due to interest groups getting more information out to voters

c. citizens join virtual communities and use social media to keep in touch with others who share their interests

Which of the following best represents the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)? a. restrictions on individual contributions did not violate the First Amendment b. not all political speech is protected by the First Amendment c. federal bans on corporate and union expenditures violated an organization's right to free speech d. increased disclosure requirements for campaign contributions are not First Amendment violations

c. federal bans on corporate and union expenditures violated an organization's right to free speech

Which of the following statements is best illustrated in the cartoon above (man with balls flying at him)? a. interest groups are often interested in superficial issues that confuse or distract members of Congress b. interest groups can help reflect public opinion in a way that better informs members of Congress c. interest groups can sometimes overwhelm members of Congress with a variety of lobbying campaigns d. interest groups can distort representative democracy in Congress by working for only a few elite clients

c. interest groups can sometimes overwhelm members of Congress with a variety of lobbying campaigns

The phrase "political machines" means a. the current control of political campaigns by media experts and polling consultants b. the various organizations that have effectively replaced political parties as linkage institutions c. local party organizations that dispensed patronage in the 19th and 20th centuries d. the efficient way that voting machines count votes in most states

c. local party organizations that dispensed patronage in the 19th and 20th centuries

What would be a practical fourth point for the Republican Party? a. end oil subsidies and focus on solar power b. implement affirmative action programs to help level the playing field c. make abortion illegal in almost all circumstances d. increase taxes on the largest corporations to pay for more social welfare programs

c. make abortion illegal in almost all circumstances

Which of the following best explains one reason why minority groups are more likely to favor liberal policies than whites? a. minority groups have highly developed political knowledge b. minority groups typically pay more in federal income taxes than whites c. minority groups have historically benefited from federal social programs d. minority groups have a great distrust of government

c. minority groups have historically benefited from federal social programs

All of the following are tenets of pluralist theory except that a. it is important for democracy to have a large, diverse set of interest groups b. policy-making is a competition among diverse interest groups c. policy-making is an elite business, staffed by the powerful and highly educated d. interest groups provide a structure for political participation e. interest groups' varying assets tend to counterbalance one another

c. policy-making is an elite business, staffed by the powerful and highly educated

Which of the following statements is best illustrated in the graphic above I(pyramid structure of political parties)? a. interest groups and political parties are often times intertwined at all levels b. political parties are organized solely at the national level in order to best elect their candidates for office c. political party organization reflects federalism in that at every level of government, the party is represented d. political parties, congressional committees, and bureaucratic agencies represent three parts of the iron triangle

c. political party organization reflects federalism in that at every level of government, the party is represented

Which scenario best explains why interest groups use political action committees? a. providing expertise to legislators when they are deciding on legislation b. lobbying the bureaucracy when they are considering new rules or regulations c. raising and spending money on multiple election cycles d. hiring experts who will promote their views on news shows

c. raising and spending money on multiple election cycles

A lobbyist from a special interest group would most likely have the greatest success influencing a member of Congress regarding a public policy issue that a. was widely supported by public opinion b. was supported by the president and congressional leaders c. the member of congress was not completely informed about d. was controversial among the constituents of that congressperson

c. the member of congress was not completely informed about

The most important single reason why the United States has a two party system is a. the proportional voting system for national elections b. the winner take all plurality system of voting c. the unitary style of government that exists in the United States d. the pervasive power of both political parties over the nomination system

c. the unitary style of government that exists in the United States

Which type of poll would you most likely use if you wanted an accurate picture of what candidates would be elected in the weeks leading up to an election? a. push poll b. straw poll c. tracking poll d. exit poll

c. tracking poll

Which of the following answers represent the best example of an effective and well-connected iron triangle? a. chairwoman of the Armed Services Committee, the chief lobbyist for Boeing, the Secretary of Defense b. ranking member of the Education Committee, Secretary of the Department of Education, the mayor of NYC c. the president's chief of staff, the CEO of Blue Cross/Blue Shield, the Secretary of Health and Human Services d. the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the president of the American Bar Association, the Chairman of the Judiciary Committee

chairwoman of the Armed Services Committee, the chief lobbyist for Boeing, the Secretary of Defense

Which of the following would most likely be accused of influence-peddling through the "revolving door?" a. a congressperson who retires to take a position teaching political science at a university b. a former president who advises the current president on a particular foreign policy issue c. a voter who researches the positions of all candidates in a race and chooses the one who will personally benefit his positions on tax policy d. an official who leaves the State Department in order to work as a paid consultant to foreign governments

d. an official who leaves the State Department in order to work as a paid consultant to foreign governments

In which way are interest groups most likely to influence decisions of the Supreme Court? a. by controlling the decisions that reach the court b. by voting for justices who will likely decide in their favor c. by making a key donation to one of the justices they are trying to lobby d. by filing amicus curiae briefs supporting one side of a case that the Court is deciding

d. by filing amicus curiae briefs supporting one side of a case that the Court is deciding

Which of the following has historically had the highest impact on political socialization? a. politicians b. peers c. media d. family

d. family

The passage of the Motor Voter Law had which of the following effects? a. decrease in registration, decrease in turnout b. decrease in registration because states have successfully challenged the law's constitutionality c. increase in registration, increase in turnout d. increase in registration, no dramatic increase in turnout

d. increase in registration, no dramatic increase in turnout

For a range of reasons, children from working-class families are ________ to have been socialized to participate in interest groups. a. much more likely b. more likely c. neither more nor less likely d. less likely e. much less likely

d. less likely

Which scenario best represents the pluralist theory of interest groups? a. Walmart donates $1 million to a presidential candidate who has made a campaign promise to lower the corporate tax rate b. while there are many different types of environmental groups, the Sierra Club and World Wildlife Fund are the two largest and control most of the narrative on the environment c. the National Rifle Association is able to donate large sums of money to legislators who are then unwilling to support gun control legislation d. many different labor unions vie for support and access to legislators to get a wide variety of issues passed in their favor

d. many different labor unions vie for support and access to legislators to get a wide variety of issues passed in their favor

Which of the following statements supports the authors' argument? a. children who attend religious service regularly are more likely to be politically active b. parents who expose their kids to media will help them become more politically active c. Donald Trump's insistence on creating a border wall inspired engagement in children d. parents who take their kids to protests are more likely to be politically active

d. parents who take their kids to protests are more likely to be politically active

Political socialization is the process by which a. the use of private property is regulated by the government b. governments communicate with each other c. public attitudes toward government are measured and reported d. political values are passed to the next generation

d. political values are passed to the next generation

A poll that both attempts to skew public opinion on a candidate and provides information about candidate strengths and weaknesses is a(n) _______ poll. a. straw b. Gallup c. tracking d. push e. exit

d. push

What can be described as the key role of Political Action Committees? a. providing testimony at congressional hearings b. creating "friend of the court" briefs at trials c. assisting in the writing of congressional legislation d. raising funds in support of a favored candidate's election

d. raising funds in support of a favored candidate's election

Which of the following has historically had the highest impact on political socialization? a. peers b. religious institutions c. media d. schools

d. schools

Which of the following individuals would be the most effective person to hire to represent these large lobbying interests? a. a former government official of a foreign country b. a former Congressman who lives in the same district that your headquarters are located c. a community activist who often rallies large numbers of people to protest causes related to your business d. the former head of a federal agency that oversees your business

d. the former head of a federal agency that oversees your business

Why don't challengers receive a higher share of contributions from PACs? a. they have a high level of name recognition b. they are able to use constituent services c. they are usually in a safe seat d. they will likely lose

d. they will likely lose

In what decade was union membership the lowest? a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s e. 2000s

e. 2000s

Out of the following groups, which youth cohort is more likely to be involved in community activities? a. whites b. African Americans c. Native Americans d. Latinos e. Asian Americans

e. Asian Americans

Which of the following is/are employed by special interest representatives to gain access to policymakers? a. face-to-face meetings b. "buttonholing" in the Capitol c. telephone calls d. receptions and special events e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Which social group is likely to be overrepresented in interest groups? a. the wealthy b. whites c. the upper middle class d. the educated e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Most Americans have a _______ impression of interest groups. a. very positive b. somewhat positive c. neutral d. somewhat negative e. generally negative

e. generally negative

Which of the following best describes the emphasis of the Christian Coalition's platform? a. separation of church and state b. protection of civil liberties c. protection of business interests d. interpretation of the Constitution as a "living" document e. promotion of "pro-family" values

e. promotion of "pro-family" values

Popular opinion is often manifested by activities such as a. public demonstrations b. looting and destruction of public property c. opinion blogging d. calling members of Congress e. public demonstrations, opinion blogging, and calling members of Congress

e. public demonstrations, opinion blogging, and calling members of Congress

Which regions tend to favor Democrats? a. the Northeast and Midwest b. the West Coast and South c. the South and West Coast d. most major cities and the West e. the Northeast, West Coast, and most major cities

e. the Northeast, West Coast, and most major cities

_______ polls are frequently sponsored on Election Day by news organizations, who use them to help predict outcomes of presidential or other national races.

exit

Does the Constitution mention political parties?

no

When are children in the United States first exposed to socialization by being encouraged to believe in democracy and express patriotism?

preschool

Which of the following is the earliest example of American politicians trying to shape public opinion?

the publication of The Federalist Papers