Unit 2 Political Behavior Exam

B. Fake news stories were more widely consumed than real news stories on Facebook.

According to Craig Silverman's analysis, why was fake news a problem in the final few months before the 2016 presidential election? A. Fake news suppressed voter turnout. B. Fake news stories were more widely consumed than real news stories on Facebook. C. Fake news contributed to rising media costs. D. Fake news stories generated revenue that was illegally funneled to the presidential campaigns.

A. They add personality to the story.

According to Julie Rose, why are sound bites important to the news reports she produces? A. They add personality to the story. B. They provide necessary data in the story. C. They are very brief. D. They are useful in the "teasers" that the station broadcasts to generate audience interest in the story before it airs.

C. No one agrees on the facts.

According to former president Barack Obama, what is the problem with the media ecosystem? A. Government agencies are censoring information. B. Advertisers are directing content. C. No one agrees on the facts. D. No one can afford quality journalism.

C. It is now more closely aligned with partisanship.

According to the Pew report, how has ideological thinking changed over the last two decades? A. It has been limited to rural areas of the United States. B. It is largely confined to the Democratic Party. C. It is now more closely aligned with partisanship. D. It has declined dramatically.

B. 8 percent

According to the Pew survey, what percentage of voters overall named Facebook as their main source of news? A. 5 percent B. 8 percent C. 20 percent D. 60 percent

D. Television

According to the information presented in Figure 2, which of the following sources of news is most preferred by Americans? A. The internet B. Newspapers C. The radio D. Television

A. The credibility of the source

According to the text which of the following affects the persuasiveness of the message? A. The credibility of the source B. The popularity of the source C. The entertainment value of the source D. The medium of the source

A. National security and the economic recession

According to the text, on which issues did the media prime the public in the run-up to the 2004 and 2008 presidential elections? A. National security and the economic recession B. Health care and taxes C. The economy and taxes D. The housing boom and immigration

C. Providing current information to lawmakers

According to the text, what is the primary function of lobbyists? A. Bribing members of Congress B. Protesting outside the Capitol C. Providing current information to lawmakers D. Promoting corporate agendas through media

D. Local television

According to the video, a majority of Americans rely on which of the following for breaking news? A. Radio B. The internet C. Print newspapers D. Local television

D. More profit for corporate interests

According to this essay, which of the following is a likely result of corporate consolidation of the media? A. Greater diversity in viewing options B. Greater diversity in perspectives C. More profit for local media D. More profit for corporate interests

D. Individuals lack knowledge of the subject

Persuasion works best under which of the following circumstances? A. The content is heavily pro-liberal, regardless of the issue. B. Individuals lack interest in the subject. C. Individuals have a strong ideological bias. D. Individuals lack knowledge of the subject.

B. Credibility

The American public tends to judge new outlets according to which of the following criteria? A. Longevity B. Credibility C. Financial success D. Digital footprint

A. Sensationalism in the media

The Society of Professional Journalists formed in response to which of the following? A. Sensationalism in the media B. The Great Depression C. High standards of ethical behavior D. Public approval of the political climate

D. Increased adversarial oversight by the media

The actions of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein led to which of the following? A. Freedom from scrutiny for presidents B. An alliance between the media and the government C. President Nixon's reelection D. Increased adversarial oversight by the media

A. Quality

The addition of independent editors to the newspaper industry allowed for more stories based on which of the following? A. Quality B. Sensationalism C. Partisan preferences D. Audience appeal

B. Democratic and capitalistic values that are reinforced through the socialization of Americans

The author of this essay concludes that the Telecommunications Act of 1996 encourages which of the following? A. Broadcast stations to offer more public-interest programming B. Democratic and capitalistic values that are reinforced through the socialization of Americans C. Corporations to own less media, whether television or radio stations D. Media consumers to become more involved in state and local politics

C. The growing influence of political parties

The publication of both the Federalist Papers and anti-Federalist essays in newspapers reflected which of the following developments? A. Increasingly heated debate over print media regulations B. The election of Thomas Jefferson to the presidency C. The growing influence of political parties D. The existence of only two major newspapers in 18th-century America

D. Both are concerned about getting good recorded material from their interviews.

Which of the following BEST describes a similarity between the work of Julie Rose and Sarah Batista? A. Both intend to highlight hypocrisy or dishonesty on the part of elected officials. B. Both are pursuing stories that have a high degree of shock value. C. Both are searching for a political angle to the stories they're covering. D. Both are concerned about getting good recorded material from their interviews.

A. A news channel's parent company may quash a news story if the story paints the parent company in an unfavorable light.

Which of the following conditions that resulted from the Telecommunications Act of 1996 does the author contend may be a problem but appears to occur only rarely? A. A news channel's parent company may quash a news story if the story paints the parent company in an unfavorable light. B. Corporate consolidation of radio stations has reduced diversity in radio programming. C. Independently owned local newspapers offer more local news coverage than corporately owned newspapers. D. Corporately owned newspapers offer more national news coverage than local newspapers.

C. It attracts audiences that otherwise wouldn't follow politics.

Which of the following could be considered an advantage of infotainment? A. It highlights the complexity of modern news stories. B. It reduces opportunities for the media to be sued for libel. C. It attracts audiences that otherwise wouldn't follow politics. D. It reflects a commitment to professionalism.

C. Whether the information they're reporting is accurate

As they prepare their stories for broadcast or publication, which is a central concern shared by the reporters, producers, and editors across all three media outlets? A. Whether the stories will generate controversy B. Whether the stories will attract much of an audience C. Whether the information they're reporting is accurate D. Whether their work will be completed by deadline

C. Deciding how to write a balanced story that presents the views of the builder while also informing potential homeowners of their rights

Aside from the meeting deadline, what is your major challenge as a journalist in this scenario? deciding how to investigate the issue further so I can A. Incorporate more information about the pros and cons of fracking B. Deciding how to write an objective story that will also appeal to the more liberal readership in my small college town C. Deciding how to write a balanced story that presents the views of the builder while also informing potential homeowners of their rights D. Deciding how to write an objective story about the city council vote while also personally disagreeing with the decision

A. The establishment of journalism schools

Calls for journalistic reform in the early 20th century led to which of the following? A. The establishment of journalism schools B. Television news programs C. Fewer editors D. Declining newspaper readership

B. No

Can you conclude from Figure 2 that younger Americans (aged 18-29) prefer the internet as their main source for news? A. Yes B. No

A. Yesterday's news is irrelevant as new stories and issues emerge with a new day.

Charlotte Observer metro editor Mike Gordon erases the entire board listing the contents of the previous day edition. Why? A. Yesterday's news is irrelevant as new stories and issues emerge with a new day. B. The previous day's articles go onto the newspaper's website. C. He feels that the previous day's edition perfectly encapsulated the priority stories of the day. D. He was unhappy with the previous day's edition.

A. Mutually beneficial relationships

Effective lobbying results in which of the following? Choose the BEST answer. A. Mutually beneficial relationships B. Media attention C. Political favors D. Immediate legislative success

B. Provoking content could be intensified and spread by the mainstream media.

Even if social media is not to blame for the increase in polarization, why do the authors of the article believe that people should still be cautious of it? A. Social media has an impact on structural conditions in society. B. Provoking content could be intensified and spread by the mainstream media. C. Their studies were inconclusive and require further investigation. D. Social media is used as a scapegoat for polarization.

A. A convenience-store robbery

Given the most American turn to television for breaking news and considering what you have just watched, which of the following stories would MOST likely be covered by local TV news station? A. A convenience-store robbery B. A city council meeting C. A presidential debate D. A new policy initiative

A. Labor associations

Groups concerned with private interests may include which of the following? A. Labor associations B. Civil rights organizations C. Consumer advocacy groups D. Citizen groups

A. They generate lists based on the popularity of certain news items among all users.

How do social news aggregators work? A. They generate lists based on the popularity of certain news items among all users. B. They generate lists based on information from RSS feeds. C. They generate lists based on the popularity of certain news items among high-volume users. D. They generate lists based on social media profiles.

D. He believes Mike improves his writing.

How does Franco Ordonez, the Observer reporter, evaluate editor Mike Gordon's participation in his story-writing process? A. He thinks Mike obsesses too much over word choice. B. He believes Mike has no net effect on his writing. C. He worries that Mike does not do enough editing. D. He believes Mike improves his writing.

C. It has doubled.

How has the percentage of people who express consistently conservative or consistently liberal opinions change since 1994? A. It has tripled. B. It has decreased. C. It has doubled. D. It has stayed the same.

C. The rise in available entertainment television programming means that news channels can offer a particular partisan slant in their news offerings to loyal "niche" audiences.

How has the profit incentive of corporate news ownership contributed to the rise in partisan media? A. The increase in the number of cable channels encourages news channels to cover roughly the same topics in similar ways. B. The profit incentive of corporate news ownership encourages business owners to attempt to shape and influence the opinions of American voters. C. The rise in available entertainment television programming means that news channels can offer a particular partisan slant in their news offerings to loyal "niche" audiences. D. The rise in partisanship among the American population means that partisan news channels can count on viewers from nearly 25 percent of the voting-age population.

A. By making appearance on infotainment programs

How have political candidates reacted to the growing popularity of infotainment? A. By making appearances on infotainment programs B. By failing to pass net neutrality laws C. By pushing for stricter FCC regulations D. By boycotting shows such as The Tonight Show

A. By choosing certain words to refer to the budget cuts

How might the media "frame" the issue of budget cuts? A. By choosing certain words to refer to the budget cuts B. By accessing reliable sources to comment on budget cuts C. By highlighting both the benefits and the drawbacks of the budget cuts D. By discussing a separate issue in order to link it to budget cuts

D. By highlighting the joyous reaction of gay couples following the Supreme Court decision to legalize same-sex marriage

If a reporter intended to frame gay marriage in a positive light, how might she do so? A. By focusing on AIDS in the gay community B. By discussing the biblical definition of marriage C. By emphasizing concerns about religious liberty following the Supreme Court decision to legalize same-sex marriage D. By highlighting the joyous reaction of gay couples following the Supreme Court decision to legalize same-sex marriage

A. Social media may contribute to political polarization, but it is not the only factor.

If asked whether social media is to blame for political polarization, how would the authors likely respond? Choose the BEST answer. A. Social media may contribute to political polarization, but it is not the only factor. B. Yes, social media is the sole cause of the extreme political polarization we are experiencing today. C. Social media is the result, rather than the cause, of political polarization. D. No, social media has actually diminished political polarization.

D. The fans

If the Democrats and the Republicans are the opposing teams (metaphorically speaking), interest groups are which of the following? A. The referees B. The coaches C. The trainers D. The fans

A. Less likely to accept media messages that contradict their ideology

Individuals with the more political knowledge are considered to be which of the following? A. Less likely to accept media messages that contradict their ideology B. More likely to accept media messages that contradict their ideology C. Less capable of receiving media messages D. More likely to be conservative

B. Sets of issues

Interest groups are organized around which of the following? A. Age groups B. Sets of issues C. Party ideologies D. Types of media

D. Constellation surrounding the major parties

Interest groups resemble which of the following? A. Political parties in countries with autocratic governments B. Congressional caucuses C. Head coaches of professional sports teams D. Constellations surrounding the major parties

C. Reflecting impartiality in news stories

Journalists are trained to pursue which of the following goals? A. Reflecting the views of the local government B. Reflecting the views of their readership C. Reflecting impartiality in news stories D. Reflecting the views of their editors

D. Filing amicus curiae briefs

Lobbyists influence the judicial process in which of the following ways (among others)? A. Funding political ads on television B. Staging protests outside the Supreme Court C. Writing blog posts critical of judicial decisions D. Filing amicus curiae briefs

Answer

Question

C. Her producer worries that a particular phrasing might confuse listeners.

WFAE reporter Julia Rose works with her producer on some final edits to her story before it airs. Why are these changes necessary? A. The final report is too long for the air time they've allotted for the segment. B. A source has objected to the use of his comments. C. Her producer worries that a particular phrasing might confuse listeners. D. New information has surfaced at the last minute.

B. That they share the same political views

What are both liberals and conservatives most likely to say is important to them about people they choose to live near? A. That they have similar home sizes B. That they share the same political views C. That they have children D. That they have similar incomes

D. News media alert us about important issues and then investigate them.

What are the two primary roles media play in reporting the news? A. News media alert us about important issues and regulate news coverage. B. News media create accidental viewers and investigate policy issues. C. News media reinforce political attitudes and regulate government activity. D. News media alert us about important issues and then investigate them.

B. Aggregators undercut the revenue that newspapers and magazines depend on.

What concern does the Associated Press have about news aggregators? A. Aggregators report the news faster but make more mistakes in doing so. B. Aggregators undercut the revenue that newspapers and magazines depend on. C. Aggregators allow the government to censor stories in exchange for ignoring copyright violations. D. Aggregators lure the best reporters away from newspapers and magazines by promising higher salaries.

D. They decide to cover it from a "mental health" angle.

What decision does the WBTV staff reach regarding the pitched story? A. They decide to cover it from a "domestic abuse" angle. B. They decide to drop it due to a lack of verifiable information about the crime. C. They decide to cover it from a "media violence" angle. D. They decide to cover it from a "mental health" angle.

D. That an African American youth group planned to help maintain peace and order during the city's Fourth of July celebrations

What did Julie Rose discover in the course of her reporting that she hadn't known about in advance? A. That the Justice Department was investigating the Charlotte police for their crowd-control tactics on Memorial Day B. That Ron Leeper was resigning as the head of Men Who Care Global C. That the mayor had given the police chief the authority to do "whatever it takes" to maintain peace and order during the city's Fourth of July celebrations D. That an African American youth group planned to help maintain peace and order during the city's Fourth of July celebrations

D. Most conservatives think that media are too liberal.

What does Figure 1 indicate about public perception of media bias? A. Most liberals think that media are too conservative. B. Most liberals think that media are too liberal. C. Most moderates think that media are too liberal. D. Most conservatives think that media are too liberal.

B. It shows that Trump and Clinton received about the same amount of negative coverage in the last week of the campaign.

What does Figure 3 illustrate about the tone of different media during the 2016 presidential election campaign? A. It shows that Clinton always received more negative coverage than Trump. B. It shows that Trump and Clinton received about the same amount of negative coverage in the last week of the campaign. C. It shows that Clinton began the campaign with more negative coverage than Trump did. D. It shows that social media was a driving force behind the tone of presidential campaign coverage.

A. To humanize it

What does Franco Ordonez say is an important thing to do when crafting a story on a major social or political issue? A. To humanize it B. To keep it brief C. To editorialize it D. To get the facts straight

A. Getting all the right audio clips recorded during interviews

What does Julie Rose say is the hardest part of her job? A. Getting all the right audio clips recorded during interviews B. Getting elected officials to speak to the media C. Finding the right angle for a given story D. Fact-checking the statements made by public officials

D. They like to receive information that supports their preexisting beliefs.

What does confirmation bias tell us about consumers of news? A. They are more likely to believe information that they have received from friends and family members. B. They like to receive information that challenges their preexisting beliefs. C. They are more likely to believe information that has been verified by government agencies. D. They like to receive information that supports their preexisting beliefs.

B. Fewer people viewed it as the most important issue facing the country.

What happened when the newspaper coverage of health care reform declined? A. People clamored for more stories on the issue. B. Fewer people viewed it as the most important issue facing the country. C. More people viewed it as the most important issue facing the country. D. People forgot about the issue completely.

B. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that congressional efforts to restrict obscenity on the internet are a violation of the First Amendment's protection of freedom of speech.

What has proven to be the biggest impediment to government regulation of the internet? A. The FCC has not yet bothered to attempt to regulate the internet, despite its clear authority to do so. B. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that congressional efforts to restrict obscenity on the internet are a violation of the First Amendment's protection of freedom of speech. C. The president has been too aggressive in issuing executive orders to restrict access to the internet, leading to them being struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court. D. Congress has been unwilling to pursue legislation to restrict obscenity on the internet.

C. Prior to the rise of cable television, fewer channel choices meant some Americans were likely to watch the news even if they didn't really like watching the news.

What idea does the phrase "accidental viewer" express? A. Prior to the rise of cable television, few Americans watched the news because it was easier to accidentally forget when it was on television. B. With more cable news channels, Americans are less likely to watch the news. C. Prior to the rise of cable television, fewer channel choices meant some Americans were likely to watch the news even if they didn't really like watching the news. D. With more cable news channels, Americans are more likely to watch the news.

B. It led to widespread discontent with political corruption.

What impact did "muckraking" have on the political climate? A. It created the conditions necessary for the Freedom of Information Act. B. It led to widespread discontent with political corruption. C. It restored public faith in political institutions. D. It led to new laws limiting professional journalism.

D. Profits driven by market forces

What is a primary motivation of American media outlets? A. Sociopolitical significance B. Civic responsibility C. Educational value D. Profits driven by market forces

D. The NRA

What is one example of an ideological issue-oriented interest group? A. The AFL-CIO B. The AARP C. The NGA D. The NRA

C. Press coverage of an issue influencing the way people think about related issues

What is priming? A. Muckraking watchdog yellow journalism B. Press coverage of a candidate influencing voters to switch parties C. Press coverage of an issue influencing the way people think about related issues D. Falsified coverage of primary elections

A. News consumers choosing media outlets that confirm their preexisting views

What is selective exposure? A. News consumers choosing media outlets that confirm their preexisting views B. News consumers choosing media outlets that challenge their preexisting views C. News consumers seeking out new media outlets on a regular basis D. News consumers preferring international media outlets to domestic ones

B. The measured influence news networks have on the share of the popular vote

What is the Fox Effect? A. The influence cable news networks have on the general public's prolonged attention to one event or subject B. The measured influence news networks have on the share of the popular vote C. The effect that news media can have on silencing the minority D. The measured extent to which cable news viewers are seeking out reinforcing information

C. Early aggregators were driven by user subscriptions, whereas next-generation aggregators use algorithms to push news to users.

What is the difference between early news aggregators and next-generation aggregators? A. Early aggregators were driven by RSS feeds, whereas next-generation aggregators are driven by user subscriptions. B. Early aggregators used algorithms to push news to users, whereas next-generation aggregators are driven by user subscriptions. C. Early aggregators were driven by user subscriptions, whereas next-generation aggregators use algorithms to push news to users. D. Early aggregators were driven by social media sites, whereas next-generation aggregators are driven by RSS feeds.

B. Whether it has any real news value

What is the main concern of the WBTV producer, Josh, regarding the story pitched by Sarah Batista? A. Whether it will attract viewers B. Whether it has any real news value C. Whether the information can be verified D. Whether rival stations are going to break the story first

C. Partisan votes in Congress had increased prior to the rise of partisan votes among the general public.

What is the relationship between congressional roll-call voting and polarization? A. Polarization among the general public has influenced and increased partisan votes in Congress. B. Congressional roll-call votes did not show consistent evidence of polarization among members of Congress. C. Partisan votes in Congress had increased prior to the rise of partisan votes among the general public. D. Partisan votes in Congress decreased even when polarization among the general public increased.

B. Social class

What other factor do the authors attribute to increased polarization? A. Education B. Social class C. Gender D. Regional diversity

C. 27 percent of Democrats and 36 percent of Republicans

What percentage of Democrats and Republicans, according to Pews, see members of the opposing party as a threat to the well-being of the nation? A. 40 percent of Democrats and 70 percent of Republicans B. 2 percent of Democrats and 3 percent of Republicans C. 27 percent of Democrats and 36 percent of Republicans D. 90 percent of Democrats and 10 percent of Republicans

D. 40 percent

What percentage of Trump voters names FOX News as their main source of election news? A. 10 percent B. 30 percent C. 80 percent D. 40 percent

C. 14 percent

What percentage of adults reported that social media was their most important source of information during the 2016 presidential election? A. 57 percent B. 39 percent C. 14 percent D. 5 percent

D. Television

What percentage of adults reported that social media was their most important source of information during the 2016 presidential election? A. Newspapers B. Social media C. Radio D. Television

B. News outlets choose which stories receive public attention.

What role does the media play in setting the political agenda? A. Reporters tell members of Congress what legislation to pass. B. News outlets choose which stories receive public attention. C. Revenue from politically slanted news programs is used to fund Democratic or Republican campaigns. D. Presidents use the media to dictate public policy to state governors.

A. Coverage of the Watergate break-in

What ushered the era of watchdog journalism? A. Coverage of the Watergate break-in B. The creation of the Pulitzer Prize C. The Clinton-Lewinsky scandal D. Conspiracy theories on the Kennedy assassination

B. The Boston Newsletter

What was the first newspaper to be continuously published in the United States? A. The Federalist Papers B. The Boston Newsletter C. The Gazette of the United States D. The National Gazette

D. Wasteful government spending and bureaucratic growth

What was the main concern for early organizers of the Tea Party movement? A. Revolutionizing the Republican Party B. President Obama's election to office C. Paying other people's mortgages D. Wasteful government spending and bureaucratic growth

A. To promote balanced coverage of public issues

What was the purpose of the Fairness Doctrine? A. To promote balanced coverage of public issues B. To limit government censorship C. To provide public funding for the news D. To require anonymous sources to be revealed to the public

B. Selective exposure

When a television viewer changes the channel from Hannity on Fox News, because she does not agree with Sean Hannity's perspective, to The Rachel Maddow Show on MSNBC, because she likes Maddow's criticism of the president, what is the viewer engaging in? A. Agenda setting B. Selective exposure C. Deliberate exposure D. News aggregation

B. They expand the audience for both old and new media outlets.

Which of the following identifies one of the benefits of news aggregators? A. They provide financial support for traditional newspapers and magazines. B. They expand the audience for both old and new media outlets. C. They send people information that challenges their preexisting beliefs. D. They offer additional fact-checking on each of the stories they circulate.

D. Minimize harm and be accountable

Which of the following identifies two key elements of ethical media behavior? A. Be fair and satisfy audiences. B. Report the truth and respect the government. C. Act independently and turn a profit. D. Minimize harm and be accountable.

D. The AFL-CIO

Which of the following interest groups fought to keep health care reform legislation alive? A. The AMA B. America's Health Insurance Plans C. The 60 Plus Association D. The AFL-CIO

D. Broadcast television

Which of the following is currently regulated by the Federal Communications Commission? A. The internet B. Social media outlets C. Cable television D. Broadcast television

C. Deadline pressures

Which of the following presents an essential constraint on Sarah Batista's job? A. The need for brevity B. Background research C. Deadline pressures D. Live video

C. Liberals and conservatives select very different sources for their news.

Which of the following statements BEST describes the media consumption habits of liberals and conservatives? A. Liberals get their news from both liberal and conservative sources. B. Conservatives get their news from both liberal and conservative sources. C. Liberals and conservatives select very different sources for their news. D. Liberals and conservatives select mostly the same sources for their news.

C. The percentage of Americans who consider the internet their main source for news has increased over time.

Which of the following statements best describes the trend in Americans' main source for news? A. The percentage of Americans who consider television their main source for news has increased over time. B. The percentage of Americans who consider newspapers their main source for news has increased over time. C. The percentage of Americans who consider the internet their main source for news has increased over time. D. The percentage of Americans who consider radio their main source for news has remained constant over time.

D. The NAACP

Which of the following would be an example of a public interest group? A. The American Medical Association B. The American Farm Bureau Federation C. The AFL-CIO D. The NAACP

D. People who are more politically active

Who is more likely to think about politics in ideologically consistent terms? A. People who watch C-SPAN B. People who watch Fox News C. People who read newspapers D. People who are more politically active

A. A strong democracy requires an informed citizenry, and news media are a primary source of information for most voters.

Why are news media so important to a functioning democracy? A. A strong democracy requires an informed citizenry, and news media are a primary source of information for most voters. B. A strong democracy requires high voter participation, and the content of news coverage is the primary reason why voter turnout is so high in the United States. C. A strong democracy requires a relaxed and entertained citizenry, and news media are a primary source of entertainment for most voters. D. A strong democracy requires strong political parties, and news media are a primary source of information about political parties for most voters.

D. To see if the stations have information that the Observer lacks

Why does Mike Gordon, the metro editor at the observer, check the local television news websites? A. To scout potential reporters for the Observer B. To stay apprised of any potential conflicts of interest C. To leave disparaging comments on the pages of news stories there D. To see if the stations have information that the Observer lacks

C. She wasn't able to get an interview or much information.

Why is Sarah Batista, the WSBTV reporter, disappointed after her trip to the Huntersville Police Department? A. The suspect's attorney threatened her with a lawsuit if she continued to pursue the story. B. Her on-camera interview with the chief of police was plagued with technical problems. C. She wasn't able to get an interview or much information. D. No one at the department would speak to her at all.

A. The profit incentive encourages corporations to cut costs by offering similar types of shows.

Why might corporate consolidation lead to more channels but less choice? A. The profit incentive encourages corporations to cut costs by offering similar types of shows. B. The profit incentive encourages corporations to have greater input over the types of news stories their news media holdings produce. C. The profit incentive encourages corporations to appeal to a broader audience by offering partisan news channels. D. The profit incentive encourages corporations to cover more policy than horse-race news stories.

D. Fabricated news stories

Yellow journalism might include which of the following? A. In-depth election coverage B. Minutes of Supreme Court hearings C. Rigorous fact-checking D. Fabricated news stories