Unit 2 Practice

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Hieroglyphics

Originated in Egypt

The Epic of Gilgamesh

Story that tells of the adventures of a legendary Sumerian king.

cuneiform

Sumerian writing system made by pressing a wedge-shaped tool (or stylus) into clay tablets

polytheism

a belief in many gods

pyramid

a massive structure with a rectangular base and four triangular sides.

silt

a mixture of rich soil, minerals, and tiny rocks

Indus River Valley

featured cities like Harrappa & Mohenjo-Daro

Nile River

A river in Egypt - Africa (river valley civilization)

Indus River

A river in South Asia that flows from the Himalayas to the Arabian Sea., the location of the first river valley civilization of India.

Shang River (Yellow River)

"river of sorrows" floods; located in the north east, very long. Also called the "yellow river". China

Sumer

A region of city-states in southern Mesopotamia that is considered to be the first civilization.

Major theme of Hammurabi's Code

An eye for an eye or punishments equal to the crime

Trade

Exchange of goods and services

Metals used during River valley period

Iron

Earliest form of writings

Pictograms

Most common religious belief of most early civilizations

Polytheism--they believed in many gods

Cradles of Civilization

Refers to the river valley civilizations, which made contributions to social, political and economic progress.

Characteristics of river valley civilizations

Social class

Purpose of the pyramids

They served as tombs for pharaohs

city-state

a city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit.

pharoah

a king of Ancient Egypt, considered a god as well s a political and military leader.

Hammurabi

a king of Babylon from 1792 B.C. to 1750 B.C. Is famous for creating the first set of written, uniform laws called the Code of Hammurabi. The laws are known for their harsh punishments of crimes ("an eye for an eye").

dynasty

a series of rulers from a single family

hieroglyphics

an ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds

Fertile Crescent

an arc of rich farmland in Southwest Asia, between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea

Harappan Civilization

another name for the Indus River Civilization that arose along the Indus River.

Mandate of Heaven

in Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority. A just ruler had the Mandate of Heaven, but a wicked king could lose the Mandate and the right to rule.

Mesopotamia

located between the Tigris & Euphrates Rivers (Iraq) Means "land between the rivers" in Greek. It is also known as The Fertile Crescent.

papyrus

scrolls of reed paper in ancient Egypt

cuneiform

symbol writing on tablets; originated in Mesopotamia

Egypt

the Nile River runs through it

River Valley civilizations

the earliest civilizations that developed around rivers for the fresh water supply and the fertile land ex-: Tigris-Euphrates (Mesopotamia), Nile (Egypt), Indus (India), Huang He or Yellow River, and the Chang Jiang River (China)

dynastic cycle

the historical pattern of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties.

Tigris and Euphrates River

the two rivers that surround Mesopotamia. These rivers would flood and provide silt that made the soil fertile.


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