Unit 2 Psych Test

Which task is primarily a right cerebral hemisphere function in most people?

recognizing faces

Which of the following would most likely result from an injury to the medulla?

a life-threatening disruption of heartbeat and breathing

What gland produces its hormone when the sympathetic nervous system is activated?

adrenal

Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by

afferent neurons

Loss of ability of the brain to produce adequate levels of dopamine often leads to:

parkinsons diease

Which nervous system includes all the others

peripheral nervous system

Which part of the nervous system is most immediately activated by sudden fear?

sympathetic

Scientists are able to see changes in the brain as it processes information by means of:

PET

Which technique is most useful for seeing what regions of the brain are most active when reading a poem?

PET

Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose?

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Computer-generated color images of the brain that provide information about glucose metabolism are produced by which of the following techniques?

Positron-emission tomography (PET)

Which of the following is true of a neuron in the resting state?

The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside

Curare is a drug that blocks action at acetylcholine receptors and causes paralysis. This drug is an example of an

antagonist

A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called

electroencephalography (EEG)

Most glands in the human body are a part of which system?

endocrine

The diagram to the right depicts the human body's

endocrine system

Which of the following systems produces, circulates and regulates levels of hormones in the body? circulatory system

endocrine system

What are the chemicals of the endocrine system called?

hormones

After an electrode implanted in a cat's brain stimulates the cat's amygdala, the cat will most likely do which of the following?

immediately withdraw in fear

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

increase communication speed of neurons

Gunshot wounds, tumors and strokes may all result in:

infections

Mr. Jenkins suffered a stroke as a result of a brain injury. Although he can still move the fingers of his right hand, he lost sensation in his right hand and arm. Of the following, the site of brain damage is most likely in the:

left parietal lobe

Which of the following activities is NOT primarily a function of the left hemisphere?

listening to a piano concrert

The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the

medulla

It is well established that certain autonomic responses such as heart rate, perspiration, and respiration change under stress. In view of the fact that people generally have stronger autonomic responses when lying than when telling the truth, it follows that the polygraph would be a foolproof approach to lie detection. Which statement best explains why the polygraph is not more widely used in courtrooms and in testing of job applicants?

physiological arousal is much the same for several emotions, so the polygraph cannot always reliably distinguish guilt from other reactions.

Which gland of the endocrine system controls the activity of other glands?

pituitary

Which of the following glands interact(s) most directly with all of the others to help regulate body processes?

pituitary

Which of the following brain regions is indicated by the arrow?

pons

Of the following, the effect of adrenaline on the body is most similar to the effect of:

sympathetic nervous system

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that travel across the:

synaptic gap

In neurons, neurotransmitters are released at the

synaptic vesicles

What hormone seems to be most closely linked with aggressive behavior?

testosterone

Which of the following is a hormone that is most directly related to human sex drive?

testosterone

Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as

the absolute refractory phase

Which lobe is responsible for thinking of the answer to this question?

the frontal lobe

Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron?

the terminal buttons

Which of the following most accurately characterizes the role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of hunger?

It acts with endocrine system to control hunger and satiety

Juana accidentally touched a hot iron. She immediately drew back her hand. Which of the following is true about the withdrawal of her hand?

It was initiated in the spinal cord

Damage to the occipital lobe would most likely affect a person's

vision

The occipital lobe of the human brain contains the centers for

vision

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?

A decrease in heart rate

Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most likely indicates injury to which of the following?

Broca's area

In what part of a neuron are neurotransmitters located?

axon

In right-handed individuals, which of the following abilities is predominantly a function of the right hemisphere of the brain?

spatial reasoning

Broca found that brain damaged patients suffering paralysis on the right side of their bodies often develop

speech problems

The sequence of shifts in the electrical charge of a neuron is called:

the action potential

When people consume large amounts of alcohol, they are often unable to recall what they did and said while they were drinking. This occurs because alcohol interferes with the brain's ability to form new memories in the

Hippocampus

If you put a phone in a split brain patient's right hand and asked them not to look at it, how will the person most likely communicate they have a phone to you?

Say "phone"

Reuptake of a neurotransmitter refers to

absorption of the neurotransmitter into the terminal buttons of the sending neuron

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system most frequently results in which of the following?

acceleration of heart and breathing rates and dilation of pupils

An individual is having trouble with cognitive tasks related to learning and memory. Which of the following neurotransmitters is most likely involved in this problem?

acetylcholine

Researchers looking to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease would most likely focus their efforts on which of the following neurotransmitters?

acetylcholine

Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of facial expressions , especially those demonstrating fear?

amygdala

An individual was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a mild tingling on the right side of the face and a sudden inability to speak. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a doctor would likely find

an abnormality in the brain tissue of the left hemisphere

Which of the following correctly pairs subdivisions within the major divisions of the human nervous system?

autonomic... sympathetic and parasympathetic

The area labeled X in the drawing above denotes which of the following structures?

axon terminals

The part of the brain most closely associated with maintaining balance and the coordination of complex sequences of movement is the:

cerebellum

An individual with damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to have difficulty

comprehending a spoken request for information

A bundle of nerve fibers that interconnects the two brain hemispheres is the

corpus callosum

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?

difficulty with speech production

Schizophrenia has been linked to excessive activity of this neurotransmitter in the brain:

dopamine

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?

dopamine

The "runner's high" associated with aerobic exercise has been attributed to this neurotransmitter:

endorphins

Consistent with the concept of neuroplasticity, neurons in mammals have been found to change the way they function as a result of repeated stimulation by doing which of the following?

growing new dendritic spines

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

hippocampus

Which stimulates a muscle to contract?

motor neurons

Metabolic activity in different areas of the brain can best be visualized by means of

positron emission tomography (PET)

In which of the following techniques do researchers inject a harmless, radioactive substance into the living human brain to examine activity?

positron-emission tomography (PET)

The function of dendrites is to

receive information from other neurons

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus

receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors

A neuron without terminal branches would be unable to:

recieve information from neighboring neurons

In an emergency situation, the adrenal glands secrete hormones that cause all of the following EXCEPT:

reduced mood swings

Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken?

reticular formation

Which hemisphere is most active when you're reading this question?

right

An image projected to the left visual field of a split-brained person will be processed in the

right visual cortex

Antidepressant medication such as Prozac increases the availability of this neurotransmitter in the brain:

serotonin

What is the primary function of the brain region indicated by the arrow?

sleeping, waking and dreaming