unit 2 retake Ap go po

When deciding Marbury v. Madison (1803), which of the following excerpts from The Federalist No. 51 could best be used to help Chief Justice John Marshall write the argument in favor of judicial review?

"But the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department, consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others."

On June 27, 1989, President George H.W. Bush called for the Flag Desecration Amendment, which would prohibit desecration of the American flag. Bush's comments were in response to the United States Supreme Court's 5—4 decision in Texas v. Johnson, which held that a state law banning desecration of the flag was in violation of the First Amendment. Which of the following explains why the president asked for a constitutional amendment to be passed?

A constitutional amendment would force the Supreme Court to accept the constitutionality of the anti-flag burning laws in subsequent cases.

Which of the following is an accurate pair of descriptions of the two chambers of Congress?

House of Representatives=Serves 2-year terms Senate=Serves 6-year terms

Which of the following is the best example of a president using technology to communicate and obtain public support for a public policy agenda?

President John F. Kennedy outlining Cold War challenges and urging Americans to civic action in his inaugural address

Which of the following is a trend based on the data?

The more chambers of Congress the president's party controls, the less likely the president is to veto a bill.

Which of the following is the most effective action that a president can pursue to address the issue of improper payments, as shown in the table?

The president can require the relevant cabinet secretaries to devise a plan to address the issue of improper payments.

Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the data in the bar chart?

The president is not supportive of the EPA, but members of Congress have checked the president's power by not approving a cut in funding for the agency.

Which of the following is an action that Congress would most likely take to address the issues illustrated by the data in the table?

Congress can hold the bureaucracy accountable by calling on leaders from departments and agencies responsible for the improper payments to testify before committees.

Which of the following is a likely response by another branch of government to a controversial decision such as Engel v. Vitale (1962) which declared that school-sponsored prayer was a violation of the First Amendment?

Congress could strip the Supreme Court of appellate jurisdiction on cases dealing with prayer in school.

Which of the following is the correct pairing of procedures or rules of each house of the legislative branch?

House of Representatives-Has a Rules Committee that decides how long debate will be on most bills. Senate-Has use of the filibuster and cloture, which can help the minority to defeat a bill.

According to the passage, which of the following occurred as a direct result of the congressional resolution authorizing action against al-Qaeda?

President Bush interpreted it broadly to allow him to conduct the war on terrorism without much further consultation with Congress.

Which of the following statements about the use of executive agreements by presidents is supported by the data in the pie charts?

The percentage of international agreements that were executive agreements has increased since 1839.

On February 13, 2016, following the death of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell issued a statement that the Supreme Court vacancy should be left to the next president of the United States, who would be elected that November. Nonetheless, President Obama nominated circuit judge Merrick Garland to fill the vacancy. The Senate judiciary committee never held a hearing nor was a vote scheduled on the nomination. The scenario demonstrates that

because federal judges are lifetime appointments, Senate confirmation can often be challenging

In 1973, the United States Supreme Court handed down the controversial Roe v. Wade decision striking down state laws banning abortion. In response, many pro-life groups organized to have the decision overturned. Which of the following represents an action that these groups can take to achieve their goal?

Become more actively involved in presidential campaigns so that presidential candidates will pledge to appoint justices who favor overturning Roe v. Wade.

On January 30, 2017, President Donald Trump signed an executive order requiring that for each new regulation added, at least two existing regulations be eliminated. Which combination of government actors has the power to fulfill President Trump's executive order?

Bureaucratic departments and agencies

Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on the data illustrated in the bar chart?

Despite the increased power of the president, the budget authority is still a major feature of congressional power.

In the case Randall v. Sorrell (2006), Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer argued that following judicial precedent "avoids the instability and unfairness that accompany disruption of settled legal expectations. For this reason, the rule of law demands that adhering to our prior case law be the norm. Departure from precedent is exceptional and requires special justification."

Stare decisis

On September 23, 1957, President Dwight Eisenhower signed a proclamation mandating the use of Arkansas National Guard members and federal armed forces to enforce the United States Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) in Little Rock, Arkansas. Which limitation on judicial power is demonstrated in this scenario?

State and local government can refuse to enforce Supreme Court decisions.

In its 2003 decision, McConnell v. Federal Election Commission (2003), the Supreme Court upheld the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act's (BCRA) restriction on independent campaign spending by corporations and unions. However, in a 5-4 decision in the case Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010), the Supreme Court overturned this decision when it ruled that the government cannot ban independent political spending by a corporation or union because it is protected by the First Amendment.

There were ideological changes in the composition of the members of the Supreme Court due to presidential appointments.

Prior to his confirmation, Democrats on the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions questioned a Republican president's Secretary of Health and Human Services about the ethics of some of their investments. The nominee was eventually confirmed with support of Republicans in the Senate. This check on presidential power illustrates that

the process of confirming members of the president's Cabinet can lead to conflict with members of the Senate

During a television interview on July 1, 2018, Senator Lindsey Graham stated that "one of the concepts that really means a lot in America is stare decisis. That means you don't overturn precedent unless there's a good reason." About which ongoing debate was Senator Graham sharing his position?

Judicial activism versus judicial restraint

One key interaction that Congress has with the bureaucracy as part of the iron triangle is to

increase the budget and authority of the bureaucracy to regulate industry

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies the principle of stare decisis?

A majority opinion of the United States Supreme Court dealing with school segregation states that the decision follows the precedent established in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954).

In a press briefing, the White House press secretary issues a statement criticizing members of Congress who refuse to act on the president's judicial nominees to the federal courts. This scenario best illustrates which of the following?

Members of the White House staff are strategically used to help the president pass an agenda.