UNIT 2 VOCAB

Hay market riot

1886 labor-related protest in Chicago which ended in deadly violence

Homestead Strike (1892)

1892 strike against Carnegies steelworks in Homestead, Pennsylvania

Telegraph

A device for rapid, long-distance transmission of information over an electric wire. It was introduced in England and North America in the 1830s and 1840s.

Immigration Act of 1924

Also known as the Johnson-Reed Act. Federal law limiting the number of immigrants that could be admitted from any country

Thomas Edison

American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures.

George Pullman

American inventor of the Pullman sleeping car and founder of Pullman, Illinois

George Westinghouse

An american entrepreneruer and engineer who invented the railroad and the air brake

Capitalism

An economic system based on private property and free enterprise.

Innovation

An improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something.

Orville and Wilbur Wright

Brothers who flew the first airplane

Holding Companies

Companies that hold a majority of another company's stock in order to control the management of that company. Can be used to establish a monopoly.

Ellis Island

Immigration processing center that open in New York Harbor in 1892

Alexander Graham Bell (1876)

Invented the telephone

AFL (American Federation of Labor)

Labor union that organized skilled works in a specific trade and made specific demands rather than seeking broad changes

Trusts

Legal device where the affairs of several companies were managed under a single director.

Urbanization

Movement of people from rural areas to cities

Immigration

Moving into a population

Henry Flagler

One of the partners in Standard Oil; builder of Florida East Coast Railway; founded Palm Beach and "father" of Miami in 1890s

Vertical integration

Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution

Angel Island

The immigration station on the west coast where Asian immigrants, mostly Chinese gained admission to the U.S. at San Francisco Bay. Between 1910 and 1940 50k Chinese immigrants entered through Angel Island. Questioning and conditions at Angel Island were much harsher than Ellis Island

Great Migration

The movement of African Americans in the twentieth century from the South to the North

Horizontal integration

Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller

Henry Ford

United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947).

Railroads

Were essential to westward expansion because they made it easier to travel to and live in the west

pull factors

Why people are attracted to a place. ex.opportunity, land, more money

push factors

Why people would leave their homes. ex. war, disease, famine etc

Socialism

a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Corporations

businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock

Market economy

economic system in which decisions on production and consumption of goods and services are based on voluntary exchange in markets

Planned economy

economy that relies on a centralized government to control all or most factors of production and to make all or most production and allocation decisions

New immigrants

immigrants who had come to the US after the 1880s from southern and eastern europe

Old immigrants

immigrants who had come to the US before the 1880s from Britain, Germany, Ireland, and Scandenavia, or Northern Europe

Knights of Labor

labor union that sought to organize all workers and focused on broad social reforms

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers

Bessemer Process

method developed in the mid-nineteenth century for making steel more efficiently

Gentlemen's Agreement

pact between the United States and Japan to end segregation of Asian children in San Francisco public schools; in return, Japan agreed to limit the emigration of its citizens to the United States

Child Labor

the use of children in industry or business, especially when illegal or considered inhumane.

Social Darwinism

theory used by Western nations in the late nineteenth century to justify their dominance; it was based on Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, "the survival of the fittest," and applied to modern human activities

Pullman Strike (1894)

violent 1894 railway workers strike which began outside of Chicago and spread nationwide