UNIT 2 VOCAB
Hay market riot
1886 labor-related protest in Chicago which ended in deadly violence
Homestead Strike (1892)
1892 strike against Carnegies steelworks in Homestead, Pennsylvania
Telegraph
A device for rapid, long-distance transmission of information over an electric wire. It was introduced in England and North America in the 1830s and 1840s.
Immigration Act of 1924
Also known as the Johnson-Reed Act. Federal law limiting the number of immigrants that could be admitted from any country
Thomas Edison
American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures.
George Pullman
American inventor of the Pullman sleeping car and founder of Pullman, Illinois
George Westinghouse
An american entrepreneruer and engineer who invented the railroad and the air brake
Capitalism
An economic system based on private property and free enterprise.
Innovation
An improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something.
Orville and Wilbur Wright
Brothers who flew the first airplane
Holding Companies
Companies that hold a majority of another company's stock in order to control the management of that company. Can be used to establish a monopoly.
Ellis Island
Immigration processing center that open in New York Harbor in 1892
Alexander Graham Bell (1876)
Invented the telephone
AFL (American Federation of Labor)
Labor union that organized skilled works in a specific trade and made specific demands rather than seeking broad changes
Trusts
Legal device where the affairs of several companies were managed under a single director.
Urbanization
Movement of people from rural areas to cities
Immigration
Moving into a population
Henry Flagler
One of the partners in Standard Oil; builder of Florida East Coast Railway; founded Palm Beach and "father" of Miami in 1890s
Vertical integration
Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution
Angel Island
The immigration station on the west coast where Asian immigrants, mostly Chinese gained admission to the U.S. at San Francisco Bay. Between 1910 and 1940 50k Chinese immigrants entered through Angel Island. Questioning and conditions at Angel Island were much harsher than Ellis Island
Great Migration
The movement of African Americans in the twentieth century from the South to the North
Horizontal integration
Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller
Henry Ford
United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947).
Railroads
Were essential to westward expansion because they made it easier to travel to and live in the west
pull factors
Why people are attracted to a place. ex.opportunity, land, more money
push factors
Why people would leave their homes. ex. war, disease, famine etc
Socialism
a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
Corporations
businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock
Market economy
economic system in which decisions on production and consumption of goods and services are based on voluntary exchange in markets
Planned economy
economy that relies on a centralized government to control all or most factors of production and to make all or most production and allocation decisions
New immigrants
immigrants who had come to the US after the 1880s from southern and eastern europe
Old immigrants
immigrants who had come to the US before the 1880s from Britain, Germany, Ireland, and Scandenavia, or Northern Europe
Knights of Labor
labor union that sought to organize all workers and focused on broad social reforms
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers
Bessemer Process
method developed in the mid-nineteenth century for making steel more efficiently
Gentlemen's Agreement
pact between the United States and Japan to end segregation of Asian children in San Francisco public schools; in return, Japan agreed to limit the emigration of its citizens to the United States
Child Labor
the use of children in industry or business, especially when illegal or considered inhumane.
Social Darwinism
theory used by Western nations in the late nineteenth century to justify their dominance; it was based on Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, "the survival of the fittest," and applied to modern human activities
Pullman Strike (1894)
violent 1894 railway workers strike which began outside of Chicago and spread nationwide