Unit 3

c. an increase of 8,000 people

A country experiences 25,000 births; 3,500 emigrants; 16,000 deaths; and 2,500 immigrants in a year. What is the population change that has taken place in this year? a. an increase of 10,000 people b. a decrease of 1,000 people c. an increase of 8,000 people d. a decrease of 8,000 people

d. 42 years

A country with a growth rate of 5% has a current population of 10 million people. How many years will it take for the country to reach 80 million people, assuming that it continues to grow at a constant rate? a. 14 years b. 28 years c. 35 years d. 42 years

d. coyotes are a specialist species

A new predator was introduced into a coyote's habitat to help reduce the hare population. All of the following would explain the continued survival of the coyote species despite the reduction of the hare population except: a. coyotes can survive on a varied diet of animal meat b. coyotes occupy a broad niche c. coyotes tend to be advantaged in an environment that is changing d. coyotes are a specialist species

d. 13,700 people

A population of 10,000 people has an annual growth rate of 6.5%. What will be the size of the population after five years if this growth rate stays the same? a. 12,074 people b. 12,864 people c. 13,250 people d. 13,700 people

c. a raccoon has an advantage in a changing habitat, and the tiger salamander has an advantage in a constant habitat.

A raccoon can survive and reproduce in a forest habitat as well as an urban environment, such as the city. A tiger salamander can only survive and reproduce in an aquatic environment. Which of the following BEST explains why the racco and tiger salamander would not be able to survive in each other's habitats? a. a raccoon is a specialist species, and the tiger salamander is a generalist species. b. a raccoon is not able to tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions, and the tiger salamander is able to tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions. c. a raccoon has an advantage in a changing habitat, and the tiger salamander has an advantage in a constant habitat. d. a raccoon occupies a narrow niche, and the tiger salamander occupies a broad niche.

d. Type III, because there are many offspring with low parental care

A scientist, studying a newly discovered species of beetle, builds a series of ideal nesting sites. The nesting sites are monitored daily to account for the presence of adult beetles and number of larvae. After three months of observations, the scientists recorded only an occasional adult beetle presence and several large larva at each nesting site, with each brood taking approximately 15 days to maturity. Based on the data provided what reproductive strategy does this species employ? a. Type I, because there are many offspring with low parental care b. Type I, because there are many offspring with high parental care c. Type III, because there are few offspring with high parental care d. Type III, because there are many offspring with low parental care e. Type II, because there is low offspring with high parental care

b. reduced literacy rate

All of the following answer choices are attributed to reducing population size except: a. delayed age of first childbirth b. reduced literacy rate c. education for women d. increased age at marriage

c. tax incentives for mothers with larger families

All of the following could help lower the total fertility rates for developing countries except: a. allowing more women to work outside the home b. increasing efforts to use family planning in these countries c. tax incentives for mothers with larger families d. including contraceptives in foreign aid, given to these countries

a. oak tree

All of the following exhibit a Type I survivorship curve except: a. oak tree b. galapagos tortoise c.sheep d. humans

d. Hawks

All of the following exhibit a Type III survivorship curve except: a. Reptiles b. Mussels c. Grasses d. Hawks

c. the population grows because deaths decline before births, causing a population expansion

As a country progresses through demographic transition, what generally happens to the overall population of that country as it travels from Stage One to Stage Four? a. the population of the country declines because the birth rate falls much faster than the death rate in Stage two. b. the population of the country stabilizes because the birth and death rates remain similar throughout c. the population grows because deaths decline before births, causing a population expansion d. the overall population remains unchanged. this happens because in Stage one, both birth and death rates are similarly high. While in Stage 4 the birth and death rates are similarly low.

a. -470 people

By how many individuals did a population change, if the population has 3465 births, 4030 deaths, 420 immigrants, and 325 emigrants in a year? a. -470 people b. 470 people c. -565 people d. -5%

d. 35 years

Country X maintains a crude birth rate of 30 and crude death rate of 10. What is the doubling time of Country X? a. 2 years b. 20 years c. 30 years d. 35 years e. 200 years

a. Stage I

During which stage of Demographic Transition Model is the population size most stable? a. Stage I b. Stage III c. Stage IV d. Stage V

c. 2,184

Forty percent of a small town's population are between the ages of 18 - 44 years. The population of 5,000 people is 52% female for all demographic groups. If the total fertility rate is at the replacement level, how many children will this group of women have? a. 759 b. 1,040 c. 2,184 d. 2,657

c. 13 gorillas

Gorillas are herbivores. If the average gorilla requires 5,000 kcal/day, what is the carrying capacity of a zoo habitat that provides 150kg of vegetation a day? (9 kgs of vegetation is 4,000 kcal) a. 11 gorillas b. 12 gorillas c. 13 gorillas d. 14 gorillas

c. low gross domestic product

High fertility rates are most commonly associated with countries that have: a. access to advanced medical care b. high life expectancy c. low gross domestic product d. low infant mortality

c. exponentially

How was the human population grown since the Industrial Revolution? a. linearly b. irregularly c. exponentially d. logistically

d. 35 years

If Country X is growing at a rate of 2% a year, how long will it take for it to double in size if it continues to grow at a constant rate? a. 10 years b. 3,500 years c. 70 years d. 35 years

d. 28 years

If a country grows at an annual rate of 2.5%, how long will it take for the population to double? a. 2.8 years b. 15 years c. 23 years d. 28 years

c. 59 years

If the population growth for a country is 6% every 5 years, how many years will it take for the country's population to double? a. 58 years b. 12 years c. 59 years d. 11 years

c. Industrial

In 1990, Country A had a crude birth rate of 66 per thousand births and a crude death rate of 64 per thousand deaths. In 2004, its birth rate remained constant at 66 where the death rate dropped to 32. In 2012, the birth rate is 20 while the death rate is 16. Which stage of the demographic transition model is Country A exhibiting in 2012? a. Transitional b. Post-industrial c. Industrial d. Pre-industrial

b. 3.2%

In 2005, France had a population of 63 million. In 2010, the population was 65 million. What is France's growth rate during this period? a. 2.1% b. 3.2% c. 3.5% d. 4.7%

c. 18.4 years

In 2010, Singapore's population was 5.08 million. In 2005, the population 4.27 million. Assuming the growth rate remains the same, how many years will it take for Singapore's population to double? a. 3.7 years b. 5.6 years c. 18.4 years d. 10.3 years

c. 1,085,000

In 2013, Afghanistan's crude birth rate was 35. How many babies were born if the population size was 31 million? a. 113,000 b. 884,500 c. 1,085,000 d. 2,540,000

c. 11

In 2013, New Zealand had a population of 4.5 million people. What is the New Zealand's Crude Birth Rate if 59,000 children were born? a. 4.5 b. 7 c. 11 d. 13

b. 1.8%

In 2015, a population of 7.2 billion people had a crude birth rate of 18.6. What is the percent change in the size of the population after one year if only births are considered? a. 1.3% b. 1.8% c. 2.1% d. 2.5%

b. r-selected because high reproductive rates allow them to invade a new area quickly

In general, invasive species tend to fall into which category of organisms? a. r-selected because a longer life span is needed to properly establish a new population in a new area b. r-selected because high reproductive rates allow them to invade a new area quickly c. K-selected because maintaining the population around carrying capacity ensures stability in the new area over time d. K-selected because they can easily disperse offspring over a large area

b. Stage III

In which stage of Demographic Transition Model, is the decline in the birth rate significantly greater than the decline in the death rate? a. Stage II b. Stage III c. Stage IV d. Stage V

c. migration from less dense areas like Africa and Asia to Europe and North America will increase the population density of the planet

On October 21, 2011, the human population reached 7 billion people. If the human population continues to grow at the current rate, there could be as many as 10 billion humans on the planet by the year 2100. Which of the following statements is not a reason for the increase in the human population over this century? a. birthrates in developing nations are still well above the ideal replacement fertility rate of 2.1 children/couple. b. developing nations still out number developed nations, and therefore their higher birth rates will help the overall human population to rise c. migration from less dense areas like Africa and Asia to Europe and North America will increase the population density of the planet d. the Green Revolution has brought about advances in food technology so that more people can be fed per area of arable land

c. -20%

On a small island in Maine, the population of white tailed deer, Odocoileus virginanus, was estimated to be 320 in 2009. During that year, 100 kills were reported by hunters at tagging stations and researchers estimate 25 births on the island. The proximity to the mainland has allowed for 11 immigrants during an early bloom. What is the rate of change in population size? a. 20% b. 80% c. -20% d. -57%

d. chimpanzee

Part of climate change is a warming of the Earth's average temperature. Which of the following species would be least likely to these changes? a. mice b. bacteria c. phytoplankton d. chimpanzee

d. 120,000

Since 1983, a small island country has seen a 33% change in population due to increased storm intensity each season, damaging houses and infrastructure. In 2015, the population was approximately 80,000. What was the approximate population in 1983? a. 20,000 b. 40,000 c. 100,000 d. 120,000 e. 160,000

a. individuals will spend large amounts of energy to produce small numbers of offspring

Species have a variety of ways to exploit their environment when it comes to having offspring. As the species evolves, its reproductive strategy will drift towards either quantity or quality of offspring. This is called the r/K selection theory. Which of the following is the best description of a K-strategist? a. individuals will spend large amounts of energy to produce small numbers of offspring b. individuals will spend small amounts of energy to produce large numbers of offspring c. individuals will spend large amount of energy to produce large number of offspring d. individuals will spend small amounts of energy to produce small numbers of offspring

a. 1 day

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami killed an estimated 230,000 people. Global human population growth is estimated at an annual rate of 1.2%. How long did it take to replace the lives of those killed to return to the previous population size? a. 1 day b. 1 week c. 1 month d. 1 year

c. immigration and emigration are not considered

The Demographic Transition Model shows the change in population size as birth and death rates change. Which statement is correct? a. populations follow the Demographic Transition Model in a predictable manner b. Birth rates and death rates have a direct relationship c. immigration and emigration are not considered d. birth rates and death rates have an inverse relationship

c. 88 years

The United States of America currently has a crude birth rate of 12, a crude rate of 8, and a net migration rate of 4. What is the doubling time for the United States of America, if these figures stay constant? a. 0.8% b. 175 years c. 88 years d. 8%

c. India

The country that focused on family planning in an attempt to stabilize it's population but that unsuccessful was: a. the United States b. China c. India d. England

b. 8

The crude birth rate of the Ghana in 2012 was 32 births per thousand individuals, its net migration rate was -2 per thousand individuals, and its growth rate was 2.2%. What was the crude rate (per thousand individuals) of Ghana for this year? a. 10 b. 8 c. 30 d. 2

c. 0.5%

The doubling time for the Chinese population is estimated to be 140 years. What if China's current population growth rate, at that current doubling time? a. you cannot calculate growth rate by only knowing the doubling time b. 2% c. 0.5% d. 35 years

d. 39 years

The nation of Kenya has a crude birth rate of 25 and a crude death rate of 7. What is the doubling time for Kenya, if the date above holds constant? a. 18 years b. 1.8% c. 53 years d. 39 years

c. 2075

The population growth rate for Earth in 2015 was 1.15. If this trend continues, in what year will the population be doubled? a. 2025 b. 2050 c. 2075 d. 2100

a. the Golden-Cheeked Warblers went from a random distribution as nesting sites were clumped together due to Ash Juniper invasiveness, followed by a uniform distribution under the Endangered Species Act development policies

The population of the Golden-Cheeked Warblers nesting in Oak trees has been studied in central Texas for over 150 years. In 1845, when Texas became a state, much of central Texas remained untouched by development and settlers. Golden Cheeked Warblers were prolific with no apparent patterns of distribution. As people moved into the region, wagons brought with them pollen and seeds of Ash Juniper trees. The Juniper trees took root and outcompeted native Texas Oak trees, reducing nesting sites for the Warblers. Juniper trees more efficiently retrieved water from soils, and thus displaced the oak trees to cluster in areas of soil or sun not ideal for junipers. The population of Golden-Cheeked Warblers became endangered. Under the Endangered Species Act, the state of Texas passed policies for new development that cleared Ash Juniper trees but required maintaining or planting native oak species at relative intervals per hectare. Which statement best describes the probable change in population distribution of the Golden-Cheeked Warblers since 1845? a. the Golden-Cheeked Warblers went from a random distribution as nesting sites were clumped together due to Ash Juniper invasiveness, followed by a uniform distribution under the Endangered Species Act development policies. b. the Golden-Cheeked Warbler population was, and is, a clumped distribution throughout central Texas. Human development would not have affected distribution. c. the Golden-Cheeked Warblers went from a clumped distribution in 1845 to a uniform distribution under the Endangered Species Act development policies. The invasive Ash Juniper would have no effect on Golden Cheek Warbler population. d. the Golden-Cheeked Warblers went from a random distribution in 1845 to a clumped distribution as nesting sites were clumped together due to the influence of the Ash Juniper trees. Human development did not change this clumped distribution.

c. parents expend a small amount of per capita energy to produce large numbers of offspring

The r and K-selection theory accounts for the level of parental investment early in the lives of their offspring. Which of the following best describes an r-selected strategy for parents? a. a large amount of parental energy is invested in producing a small number of offspring b. an r-selected species will assume high parental investment during juvenile stages c. parents expend a small amount of per capita energy to produce large numbers of offspring d. parents expend a large amount of per capita energy feeding and caring for the large offspring

c. older people will live longer than ever before.

When a society in Phase I and Phase II of the Demographic Transition Model are compared, which is NOT a characteristic of the society in Phase II? a. the food supply is more reliable due to better agricultural practices. b. the chance of children surviving their childhood increases. c. older people will live longer than ever before. d. there are improvements in the handling of sewage.

b. the parents and lots of children work to take care of the crops and livestock

Which best describes family life for a population in Phase I of the Demographic Transition? a. the parents tend to the crops and livestock while lots of children go to school b. the parents and lots of children work to take care of the crops and livestock c. the parents and older children tend to the crops and livestock while the younger children go to school d. the father tends to the crops and livestock while the few children go to school and the mother takes care of domestic chores

b. it reduces biodiversity

Which is not involved in carrying capacity? a. it is based on the principle of sustainability b. it reduces biodiversity c. it is defined by limiting factors d. it changes when the amount of resources are changes

c. agricultural runoff increased after spring rains

Which is the best explanation for the increase in the carrying capacity for algae in an aquatic environment? a. high temperatures caused rapid evaporation of water and the concentration of nutrients b. the ecosystem developed hypoxic conditions c. agricultural runoff increased after spring rains d. storm water that contains herbicides flowed into the aquatic environment

b. the total fertility rate must be high enough to replace the high mortality rates of children and adolescents.

Which is the best explanation for why it is necessary for developing countries to have a total fertility greater than 2.1? a. the total fertility rate must be high enough to offset the short life spans experienced in developing countries. b. the total fertility rate must be high enough to replace the high mortality rates of children and adolescents. c. because of malnutrition in developing countries, few pregnancies go to full term. d. in developing countries there are few education opportunities for women and they will have more children.

d. individuals have a low probability of surviving to adulthood

Which is typical of an r-selected species? a. individuals have a long life expectancy b. they live at population densities close to the ecosystem's carrying capacity c. they occupy stable environments with well-established communities d. individuals have a low probability of surviving to adulthood

d. I, II, and III

Which of the following are types of biological population distribution? I. Uniform II. Random III. Clumped a. II only b. III only c. I and III d. I, II, III

b. the cost of education increases

Which of the following could prevent a country from moving from a Stage III to Stage IV of the Demographic Transition Model? a. the transition from farms to agribusiness b. the cost of education increases c. child labor laws are passed d. people begin to value small families over large families

a. the replacement level fertility is 2.1

Which of the following does not indicate a high total fertility rate of a country? a. the replacement level fertility is 2.1 b. there is little to no access to family planning c. there is an increase in the price of vaccines d. women marry at an earlier age

a. females having children at a younger age

Which of the following factors contributes to an increase in total fertility rate? a. females having children at a younger age b. an increase in the rate of emigration c. low infant mortality rates d. a higher percentage of males in the population e. an increase in access to healthcare

c. an increase in infant mortality rates

Which of the following factors is least likely to result in a drop in total fertility rate in a country? a. an increase in the opportunities available for women b. a decrease in the need for children as economic security c. an increase in infant mortality rates d. all of the above choices would result in a drop in the total fertility rate

c. panda

Which of the following is an example of a specialist species? a. mouse b. human c. panda d. cockroach

c. they occupy a narrow niche

Which of the following is the best explanation as to why a specialist species would be more prone to extinction? a. they can withstand a wide range of environmental conditions b. they occupy a broad niche c. they occupy a narrow niche d. they can easily adapt to change

a. live at population densities close to the ecosystem's carrying capacity

Which of the following is typical of K-selected species? a. live at population densities close to the ecosystem's carrying capacity b. live in small, less dense, unexploited ecosystems c. have large numbers of offspring that require low per capita energetic investment d. exhibit a type III survivorship curve

d. a population of 30,000 caribous was killed by a flood

Which of the following scenarios does not show density-dependent factors in a population? a. White-nose syndrome is a fungal disease spreading throughout bat populations in the Eastern United States b. Northern spotted owls nest in the old growth forests with tree canopies high enough for owls to fly underneath without being exposed c. the phosphorus level in a pond is only capable of supporting 20,000 kg of algae d. a population of 30,000 caribous was killed by a flood

b. the educate and empowerment of women

Which of the following slows population global growth the most? a. tax penalties for families with more children than are allowed by law b. the educate and empowerment of women c. a rise in global GDP d. sending foreign aid, such as food and medical supplies, to lesser developed countries

b. generalists species

Which of the following species types is best known for being able 4to survive within a wide range of environmental conditions? a. extinct species b. generalists species c. specialist species d. endangered species

a. Stage 2 (the transitional phase) of demographic transition begins with falling birth rates because of things such as increasing medical technology

Which of the following statements about the demographic transition is least accurate? a. Stage 2 (the transitional phase) of demographic transition begins with falling birth rates because of things such as increasing medical technology b. when a population is in Stage 1 (the pre-industrial phase) of demographic transition both birth rates and death rates are high c. even though Stage 4 of demographic transition has the lowest birth and death rates, the overall population is largest here d. infant mortality typically lessens as a population progresses through demographic transition

b. there is an increase in hygiene practices and sanitation disposal methods, causing a decrease in death rates

Which of the following statements best describes a country that is in the transitional stage of demographic transition? a. the population is growing exponentially and the birth rate is low due to the absence of vaccinations b. there is an increase in hygiene practices and sanitation disposal methods, causing a decrease in death rates c. the birth rate and death rate are equal causing a drastic increase in population d. there is an increase in the infant mortality rate, causing a decrease in the total fertility rate e. females have more educational opportunities as well as an increase in availability of family planning practices

b. the crude death rate is the number of deaths per thousand people in the population for a given year

Which of the following statements is true about death rates? a. infant mortality is not considered when calculating the death rate b. the crude death rate is the number of deaths per thousand people in the population for a given year c.the crude death rate is between the people that were born, and people that died, in a given year d. the crude death rate describes people that emigrated from a country, and are considered economically "dead" to that country

b. governments could tax the richer individuals and allow those in poverty to not pay taxes

Which policy would a government not adopt if they wanted to move their country from Stage 2 to Stage 4 in the Demographic Transition Model? a. governments could train their population with the skills needed to attract foreign investment in manufacturing b. governments could tax the richer individuals and allow those in poverty to not pay taxes c. governments could train more teachers and build more schools so they could offer free education to their population d. governments could improve their medical services by building more hospitals and clinics and by training more doctors

d. 2.1

Which replacement-level fertility rate is needed if a country wants to have a stable population size? a. 1.8 b. 1.9 c. 2.0 d. 2.1

a. the implementation of mandatory education for all children

Which situation would most likely accelerate a country's transition through Phase III of the Demographic Transition Model? a. the implementation of mandatory education for all children

a. the implementation of mandatory education for all children

Which situation would most likely accelerate a country's transition through Phase III of the Demographic Transition Model? a. the implementation of mandatory education for all children b. the introduction of Green Revolution technologies c. the movement to a more industrial economy d. the implementation of free health care for all residents

a. a majority of people change to aa vegetarian diet

Which would have the largest impact on increasing the carrying capacity for people in a region? a. a majority of people change to aa vegetarian diet b. there is a decrease in birth rates due to improved education opportunities for girls c. a large number of people emigrate to a different country d. new cattle-rearing methods result in an increase in beef production