Unit 3: A Growing Nation (1800-1840)

Samuel Slater

"Father of the American Industrial Revolution"; textiles

Tariff of Abominations

"Tariff of 1828" was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States. Enacted during the presidency of John Quincy Adams, it was labeled the Tariff of Abominations by its southern detractors

Henry Clay

"The Great Compromiser"

Deism

God set the universe in motion, but then took a step back

Aaron Burr

Aaron Burr Jr. was an American politician. He was the third Vice President of the United States, serving during President Thomas Jefferson's first term.

War Hawks

A war hawk, or simply hawk, is a term used in politics for someone favoring war in a debate over whether to go to war

Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837 and was the founder of the Democratic Party. Before being elected to the presidency, Jackson served in Congress and gained fame as a general in the United States Army. As president, Jackson sought to advance the rights of the "common man" against a "corrupt aristocracy" and to preserve the Union.

Erie Canal

Built to create a navigable water route from New York City and the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes.

Eli Whitney

Cotton gin; interchangeable parts

Democracy in America

De La Démocratie en Amérique is a classic French text by Alexis de Tocqueville. Its title translates as On Democracy in America, but English translations are usually simply entitled Democracy in America. In the book, Tocqueville examines the democratic revolution that he believed had been occurring over the previous several hundred years.

Lowell Girls

De La Démocratie en Amérique is a classic French text by Alexis de Tocqueville. Its title translates as On Democracy in America, but English translations are usually simply entitled Democracy in America. In the book, Tocqueville examines the democratic revolution that he believed had been occurring over the previous several hundred years.

William Henry Harrison

Death cause crisis; figured out presidential succession

German/Irish Immigrants

Extensive oppression; Irish Potato Famine

Impressment

Force (someone) to serve in an army or navy

War of 1812

Impressment; we wanted to show Britain that they couldn't bully us any more. We were a a separate, free nation.

Florida Annexation

In 1810, parts of West Florida were annexed by proclamation of President James Madison, who claimed the region as part of the Louisiana Purchase. These parts were incorporated into the newly formed Territory of Orleans. The U.S. annexed the Mobile District of West Florida to the Mississippi Territory in 1812.

Corrupt Bargain

In the 1824 election, without an absolute majority in the Electoral College, the 12th Amendment dictated that the Presidential election be sent to the House of Representatives, whose Speaker and candidate in his own right, Henry Clay, gave his support to John Quincy Adams, and was then selected to be his Secretary of State.

Railroads

Increased transportation; time zones established

Internal Improvements

Internal improvements is the term used historically in the United States for public works from the end of the American Revolution through much of the 19th century, mainly for the creation of a transportation infrastructure: roads, turnpikes, canals, harbors and navigation improvements

Missouri Compromise

It regulated slavery in the country's western territories by prohibiting the practice in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30′ north, except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri.

Jacksonian Democracy

Jacksonian democracy is the political movement during the Second Party System toward greater democracy for the common man symbolized by American politician Andrew Jackson and his supporters.

Mormons

Mormons are a religious and cultural group related to Mormonism, the principal branch of the Latter Day Saint movement of Restorationist Christianity, which began with Joseph Smith in upstate New York during the 1820s. After Smith's death in 1844, the Mormons followed Brigham Young (Utah)

John C. Calhoun

John Caldwell Calhoun was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina, and the seventh Vice President of the United States from 1825 to 1832. He is remembered for strongly defending slavery and for advancing the concept of minority rights in politics

Marshall Court Decisions

Marbury vs. Madison: established judicial review McCulloch vs Maryland: states right to tax Dartmouth vs Woodward: Contract Clause of the United States Constitution to private corporations.

Dorthea Dix

Mental health facilities

American System

The American System, was an economic plan that played a prominent role in American policy during the first half of the 19th century.

The Bank War

The Bank War refers to the political struggle that developed over the issue of rechartering the Second Bank of the United States (BUS) during the Andrew Jackson administration

Battle of New Orleans

The Battle of New Orleans was an engagement fought between January 8 and January 18, 1815, constituting the final major battle of the War of 1812, and the most one-sided battle of that war. American combatants, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson, prevented an overwhelming British force from seizing New Orleans and the vast territory the United States had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase.

Embargo Act

The Embargo Act of 1807 was a general Embargo that made all exports from the United States illegal. It was sponsored by President Thomas Jefferson and enacted by Congress. The goal was to force Britain and France to respect American rights during the Napoleonic Wars. This act did not stop imports.

Era of Good Feelings

The Era of Good Feelings marked a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars. The era saw the collapse of the Federalist Party and an end to the bitter partisan disputes between it and the dominant Democratic-Republican Party during the First Party System.

Hartford Convention

The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings from December 15, 1814 - January 5, 1815 in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power

Hudson River School

The Hudson River School was a mid-19th century American art movement embodied by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by romanticism

Lewis and Clark

The Lewis and Clark Expedition from May 1804 to September 1806, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the first American expedition to cross what is now the western portion of the United States. It began near St. Louis, made its way westward, and passed through the continental divide to reach the Pacific coast

Louisiana Purchase

The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory by the United States from France in 1803. The U.S. paid fifty million francs and a cancellation of debts worth eighteen million francs for a total of sixty-eight million francs. The Louisiana territory included land from fifteen present U.S. states and two Canadian provinces

Maine/Dow Law

The Maine Law (or "Maine Liquor Law"), passed in 1851 in Maine, was one of the first statutory implementations of the developing temperance movement in the United States.

Monroe Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine was a U.S. foreign policy regarding European countries in 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention.

Nullification Crisis

The Nullification Crisis was a sectional crisis in 1832-33, during the presidency of Andrew Jackson, which involved a confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government. The crisis ensued after South Carolina declared that the federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and therefore null and void within the sovereign boundaries of the state.

Revolution of 1800

The Revolution of 1800 was so named by the winner of the 1800 election, Thomas Jefferson. He called this election a revolution because his party, the Republicans, peacefully and orderly received the power with nothing but acceptance by the federalists.

Second Great Awakening

The Second great awakening was a Protestant revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800 and, after 1820, membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement. It was past its peak by the late 1840s.

Seneca Falls Convention

The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention in the United States. It was organized by a handful of women who were active in the abolition and temperance movements

Texan Revolution

The Texas Revolution began when colonists in the Mexican province of Texas rebelled against the increasingly centralized Mexican government

Trail of Tears

The Trail of Tears was a series of forced relocations of Native American nations in the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The removal included members of the Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations, from their ancestral homelands in the southeastern U.S. to an area west of the Mississippi River that had been designated as Indian Territory.

Webster-Hayne Debate

The Webster-Hayne debate was a famous debate in the United States between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina that took place on January 19-27, 1830 on the topic of protectionist tariffs

Whig Party

The Whig Party was formed in 1834 by a coalition of National Republicans, Anti-Masons, and disgruntled Democrats, who were united by their opposition to "King Andrew" Jackson and his "usurpations" of congressional and judicial authority

Cult of Domesticity

The culture of domesticity (often shortened to "cult of domesticity") or cult of true womanhood was a prevailing value system among the upper and middle classes during the nineteenth century in the United States and Great Britain. This value system emphasized new ideas of femininity, the woman's role within the home and the dynamics of work and family