Unit 3 AH1 Review

What two southern cities witnessed relatively prosperous free black communities develop in the 1800s?

Charleston and New Orleans

Northern Republicans labeled those opposed to the war

Copperheads

Southern planters felt a community interest with

Cuban and British slaveowners

This first martyr of the antislavery movement was killed by a mob in Illinois while defending his press.

Elijah P. Lovejoy

Horace Mann argued that it was not a school's responsibility to reinforce social stability by rescuing students from the influence of parents who failed to instill the proper discipline in their children.

False

The American Temperance Society, founded in 1826, directed its efforts to redeeming habitual drunkards, not the occasional social drinker.

False

The Knowing-Nothing Party was founded as a crusade against slavery.

False

Which statement accurately describes sharecropping?

It allowed a black family to rent part of a plantation, with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year.

What was the significance of the Reconstruction Act of March 1867?

It divided the South into five military districts and called for the creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote.

In her 1845 work Woman in the Nineteenth Century, this writer sought to apply to women the transcendentalist idea that freedom meant a quest for personal development.

Margaret Fuller

Which of the following was a characteristic of Robert Owen's early-nineteenth-century utopian communities?

Owen promoted communitarianism as a way of making sure workers received full value for their labor

The Civil War is sometimes called "the first modern war" because it used weapons and other technological advances of the industrial revolution. Which of the following was one of these advances?

Railroads

Stretching from Maine to Kentucky, this was the most successful of the religious communities in the mid-1800s.

Shakers

The phrase "forty acres and a mile" is derived from

Sherman's Field Order 15.

As Lincoln withdrew forces in the West to protect areas in the East, tensions flared between the Indians and settlers, leading to

Sioux Indians killing hundreds of white farmers.

In the early decades of the 1800s, the population living in Texas who were non-Indian and of Spanish origin were called

Tejanos

Which of the following was a Confederate advantage in fighting the Civil War?

The southern commander, General Lee, was a skilled tactician who hoped that a series of defeats would weaken the North's resolve.

A major hindrance during the outbreak of war included this railroad situation.

There was no railroad gauge so trains built for one line could not run on another.

In President Andrew Johnson's view, African-Americans out to play what part in Reconstruction?

They should have no role in shaping policies.

Why did slave owners in the 1850s begin to sell their city slaves to the countryside?

They thought their slaves had too much independence, which negatively influenced the relation between master and slave

"Scalawags" was a derogatory term used to describe southern white Republicans.

True

Abby Kelley was one of the foremost female orators in the country during her time.

True

By 1860, the economic investment represented by the slave population exceeded the value of the nation's factories, railroads, and banks combined.

True

By the 1840s, southern leaders were convinced that slavery must expand or die.

True

During Reconstruction, some 2,000 African-Americans held public office, among them fourteen in the U.S. House of Representatives and two U.S. senators.

True

During the Civil War, the North instituted a draft, but the South never did.

True

Government Involvement in the economy decreased during the Civil War.

True

In the Dred Scott decision, the Supreme Court Ruled that African-Americans had no rights that whites were compelled to recognize.

True

In the Lower South, fugitive slaves tended to head for rural plantations to hide in plain sight .

True

Lincoln shared many of the racial prejudices of his day, including opposing Illinois blacks the right to vote or serve on juries.

True

Lincoln was initially not concerned with the issue of slavery as his paramount concerns were to keep the border slave states in the Union and to build the broadest base of support in the North for the war effort.

True

Many Americans saw the reform impulse as an attack on their own freedom, particularly the temperance movement.

True

More Americans died in the Civil War than in any other war in U.S. history.

True

Over the course of the war, Confederate troops were better supplied than Union troops.

True

The KKK was founded in 1866 as a secret society and served, in effect, as military arm of the Democratic Party.

True

The civil rights era of the 1950s and 1960s is sometimes called the "Second Reconstruction."

True

The nineteenth century's "cult of domesticity" applied to slave women as well as white women.

True

The prevalence of plantation slavery kept the south from matching northern rates of immigration, industrial development, and urban growth.

True

Which of the following is part of the generally accepted account of the 1822 conspiracy led by Denmark Vesey?

Vesey had purchased his freedom after winning the lottery

During the first two years of the Civil war, most of the fighting took place in

Virginia and Maryland.

The American Colonization Society called for

a gradual end to slavery and the resettlement of blacks outside the United States.

A "Carpetbagger" was

a northerner who settles in the South after the war.

The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in December 1865,

abolished slavery throughout the Union.

The Fugitive Slave Act

allowed federal commissioners t determine the fate of fugitives without the benefit of a trial or testimony by the accused individual

The idea of "perfectionism" was the view that

both individuals and society at large can be capable of indefinite improvement

The largest effort at educational institution building before the Civil War came in the movement to establish

common schools

Robert Owen's utopian society promoted this idea to allow workers to receive the full value of their labor.

communitarianism

Which of the following was a major target of the New York City draft riots?

draft offices

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in February 1848

ended the Mexican War

One of the main purposes of the Freedmen's Bureau was to

ensure a working system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

established the principal of popular sovereignty whereby the status of slavery would be determined.

In 1853-1854, President Millard Fillmore dispatched American warships to Japan under the command of Commodore Matthew Perry to

fore a trade treaty with an outright demand that the Japanese deal with the United States

What did three amendments to the U.S. Constitution guarantee to former slaves shortly after the Civil War?

freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; and the vote for adult black men.

Elizabeth Caddy Stanton and Susan B Anthony opposed the Fifteenth Amendment because

it outlawed discrimination in voting based on race but not gender.

The Black Codes were

laws that sought to regulate the lives of former slaves.

Nat Turner

led an 1831 slave uprising in Virginia, killing about sixty whites.

The Second Confiscation Act

liberated slaves of disloyal owners in Union-occupied territory, as well as slaves who escaped to Union lines.

The expansionists spirit of the early nineteenth century that God intended the American nation to reach all the way to the Pacific Ocean was called

manifest destiny

"Gentlemen of property and standing" were

merchants with close commercial ties to the South.

Dorothea Dix, a Massachusetts school teacher, was the leading proponent of

more humane treatment of the insane

There were calls by some expansionists for the United States to annex all of Mexico, yet the movement failed because

of the fear that the nation could not assimilate the large non-white Catholic population.

The Homestead Act

offered 160 acres of free public land to setters in the West.

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race.

By the eve of the Civil War, free blacks in the South were allowed to own

property

Which of the following was an area of public activism open to women during the 1830s and 1840s?

public meetings

What was the result of the Missouri court case involving the "crime" of Celia

she was sentenced to death

In 1860, the largest economic investment in the United States was in

slaves

Compared to Brazil and the West Indies, involving hundreds or even thousands of slaves, revolts in the United States were

smaller and less frequent

Abraham Lincoln's January 1, 1863, Emancipation Proclamation freed

some slaves, but exempted those in areas under Union control.

Free blacks were regularly excluded from

steamships

John C. Calhoun of South Carolina considered this idea "the most false and dangerous of all political errors."

that all men are created equal

The first American conflict to be fought primarily on foreign soil and the first in which American troops occupied a foreign capital was

the Mexican War

Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction era shared the view that

the Union victory created an opportunity to institutionalize the principal of equal rights regardless of race.

The population rush in California in 1848 was a result of

the discovery of gold

The Reconstruction amendments of the U.S. Constitution helped to create

the first national biracial democracy in world history.

The Free Soil Party's platform called for

the government to bar slavery from the western territories and provide land free in the territories to people who wanted to homestead there.

The "Peculiar institution" of the south was

the issue of slavery

Paternalism meant

the master was the head of the system, including providing his slaves with protection and the right of care and attention in their sicknesses.

What activity made the post-emancipation experience in the United States unique from other societies and became central to the former slaves' desire for empowerment and equality?

the right to vote within two years of the end of slavery.

The Second Middle Passage was

the slave trade from the older states to the Lower South.

In the Compromise of 1850,

the slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia.

What was General Grant's strategy in 1864 that became a turning point in the war for ultimate Union victory?

to use as many Union troops on the battlefield as possible in the war of attrition.

Between 1848 and 1860, American trade with China

tripled

In response to the nomination of Stephen Douglas's Democratic candidacy, seven of the southern delegates

walked out of the convention, causing it to recess in confusion.

The Republican Party, founded in 1854,

was a coalition of antislavery Democrats, northern Whigs, Know-Nothings, and Free Soilers.

Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction

were often arrested and hired out to white landowners.

Population in the north was 22 million in 1860, while the white population of the South in 1860 was

5.5 million