UNIT 3- Cell Division and Cell Energy

Ribosomes

Makes proteins for the cell

Golgi apparatus

Packages and sends out proteins; "UPS" of the cell.

List the 4 phases of mitosis in order.

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase (P-M-A-T)

Describe prophase and copy a diagram of a cell during prophase below.

Prophase is when the DNA forms strands called chromosomes. The centrioles move to opposite side of the nucleus. The nuclear membrane disappears. Long spindle fibers stretch between centrioles. Chromosomes attach to fibers.

Describe the relationship between the amount of glucose and the amount of ATP created in a cell.

The more glucose a cell can obtain, the more ATP produced.

What is the name of the energy rich molecule that cells create for energy?

The name of the energy rich molecule that cells create for energy is known as ATP.

List the reasons why a cell would go through cell division.

This process allows young organisms to grow, replaces injured and worn-out cells, and is the reproduction of single-celled organisms.

Endoplasmic reticulum

Tube-like transport system; "subway" of the cell. there are 2 types, smooth and rough.

An indicator is a substance used to show visually a change in the presence of another substance. In class we used Iodine, an indicator, that goes from yellow - brown to blue- black in the presence of starch.

When a cell goes through cell division, a cell .produces two new daughter cells

Centrioles

Aides in a cell division in an animal cells during mitosis.

What is an indicator and give one example that we used in class and how we used it?

An indicator is a substance used to show visually a change in the presence of another substance. In class we used Iodine, an indicator, that goes from yellow - brown to blue- black in the presence of starch.

Describe anaphase and copy a diagram of a cell during anaphase below.

Anaphase looks like like a tug-o-war of chromosomes. Doubled chromosomes separate. Fibers shorten. Single chromosome, chromatids, move to opposite sides.

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like fluid that fills the cell and supports the organelles. Also helps maintain its shape.

Mitochondria

Changes chemicals into energy during respiration considered the "Powerhouse" of the cell.

Nucleus

Controls the cell like a brain and contains the chromosome (DNA)

Cell membrane (Plasma membrane)

Controls what enters and leaves the cell, protects the cell, and it maintains its shape.

Nuclear membrane (envelope)

Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus.

Describe cytokinesis

Cytokinesis is the process in which the cell finishes mitosis and the cell pinches in half. Cytokinesis the cell breaks the cell membrane thus creating two new identical cells.

Describe in detail the process of Respiration (Aerobic)

Glucose enters the cell through the cell membrane, reacts to the cytoplasm, and breaks down creating 2 ATP. One waste product is created in this process: carbon dioxide which exists in the cell. An organic molecule is also created in this reaction which is able to bond with oxygen. A new molecule is thus created (oxygen+organic molecule) and is transported to the mitochondrion. Once in the mitochondrion, the oxygen+organic molecule is broken down to release 34 ATP molecules. This reaction also produces two waste products, carbon dioxide and water which exit the cell

Describe in detail the process of Fermentation (Anaerobic)

Glucose enters the cell through the cell through the cell membrane and reacts with the cytoplasm creating 2 ATP. Two waste products are released in the process: an organic molecule and carbon dioxide (CO2). The waste product exits the cell.

Describe interphase and copy a diagram of a cell during interphase below.

Interphase is the active time between cell divisions. Interphase it most of a cell's life.

Can starch be used by cells to create energy, describe in detail why or why not?

Starch can be used by cells to create energy because starch is a bunch of glucose molecules in one package. The starch will eventually be broken down into glucose molecules because it's a carbohydrate. The cell can then use that glucose to create energy.

Vacuole

Store water food, and waste for the cell, its much larger than plant cells.

Cell wall

Surrounds the cell membrane of the plant cell and it provides support and shape

Describe telophase and copy a diagram of a cell during telophase below.

Telophase is when the chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell. The fibers disappear. Nuclear envelope forms around each new nucleus. New nuclei are identical to the parent nucleus. Cytoplasm and organelles move to their side. Then the cell goes through Cytokinesis- the cell pinches in half.

Describe metaphase and copy a diagram of a cell during metaphase below.

The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

What is the relationship between the genetic material of the parent cells and the daughter cells?

The genetic material of the parent cell is exactly the same as the daughter cells. The parent and daughter cells are exactly the same.

What is the main energy source (Fuel) for cells?

The main source of energy for cells is glucose.