Unit 3: HYDROCARBONS

How many valence electrons does hydrogen have?

1

Each year over _______ new organic compounds are produced.

100,000

Choose the correct electron configuration of carbon, using the data shown in the electron configuration chart.

1s 22s 22p 2

Carbon has ____ valence or bonding electrons.

4

How many valence electrons does carbon have?

4

In order for carbon to obtain the inert gas configuration, it must gain or lose ________ valence electrons.

4

Well over _______ different organic compounds are known to exist.

4 million

How many electrons does a carbon atom have?

6

How many electrons maximum can the p sublevel contain?

6

What is the atomic number of carbon?

6

Why is carbon able to form so many compounds?

Carbon atoms can bond to each other to an extent not possible for other elements.

Which of the following apply to carbon? Select all that apply.

Carbon compounds can be rings. Each arrangement pf carbon atoms corresponds to a different compound. Carbon chains can form branches and cross-links.

_____ bonds share electron pairs.

Covalent

volatile

Easily changes to a gas or vapor.

Which group on the periodic table would have zero electronegativity because they have a full octet?

Inert or noble gases

Why does carbon form covalent bonds?

It will usually bond to multiple atoms which can provide a total of 4 additional electrons.

Which of the following apply to coal?

Pollution is a problem related to burning soft coal. Propane is a type of coal. Coal undergoes decomposition when heated to high temperature in the absence of air. Anthracite is a type of coal.

Silicon and carbon are capable of sharing electrons in the same manner as carbon does with itself in diamond because:

Silicon is in the same group and also has 4 valence electrons

Electronegativity Difference

The difference in electronegativity between two elements in a bond.

distillation

The process of evaporating a liquid and condensing the vapors to form a pure substance.

C12H22O11 + 11 H2SO4 12 C + 11 H2SO4 + 11 H2O How do you know the concentrated sulfuric acid is a catalyst?

The sulfuric acid is not consumed or react with the reactant.

fractional distillation

Used to separate the various compounds of a liquid mixture.

hydrocarbon

a chemical compound composed of only hydrogen and carbon

Which series is the most reactive series?

alkyne

What is the first element to have p electrons?

boron

Which element's properties form the basis for all life?

carbon

Petroleum, natural gas, and coal are the largest sources of _____

carbon compounds

Select the compound that is not organic.

carbon dioxide

A major source of today's medicines is __________ .

coal

The residue of coal decomposition that is used in the manufacture of steel is called

coke

amorphous

composed of a non-planar structure

crystalline

composed of a series of symmetrical planes

Carbon generally forms what type of bonds?

covalent

The carbon bonds in organic compounds are:

covalent

Which type of chemical bonds are formed by sharing electrons?

covalent

All atoms that react _____.

do so to share, gain, or lose electrons to become stable

Clues about the history of the earth have been obtained from the study of_____.

fossil fuels

Which carbon compound is soft, slippery, a decent electricity conductor, and bonded in a way that forms planes?

graphite

Which compounds contain only carbon and hydrogen?

hydrocarbons

Valence electrons are found:

in the outer shell of atoms

The electron stable state configuration in atoms is best seen in the ______ configuration.

inert gas

What type of bond will be formed for atoms that have a +1 or -1 charge?

ionic

Which bond is formed due to a high electronegativity difference?

ionic

All compounds of carbon are made by _____.

ionic bonding

Before 1928, scientists believed that all organic compounds only came from _____.

living organisms

About 90% of natural gas consists of:

methane

Select the compound that is not organic. methane urea sodium chloride sucrose

methane

Which two categories can all substance be classified?

organic or inorganic

Valence electrons are found:

outermost shell

A primary source of hydrocarbons is:

petroleum

major source of organic compounds?

petroleum coal natural gas

Electronegativity Difference < 1.5

strongly covalent

Electronegativity Difference > 2.0

strongly ionic

The chemicals added to natural gas to give the gas an odor are a compound containing

sulfur

electronegativity

the degree of attraction of one atom for the valence electrons of another atom

Carbon atoms can form chains _______ of atoms long.

thousands

What was the first organic compound to be synthesized in a lab?

urea

Which property makes a compound easier to boil?

volatility