Unit 3: HYDROCARBONS
How many valence electrons does hydrogen have?
1
Each year over _______ new organic compounds are produced.
100,000
Choose the correct electron configuration of carbon, using the data shown in the electron configuration chart.
1s 22s 22p 2
Carbon has ____ valence or bonding electrons.
4
How many valence electrons does carbon have?
4
In order for carbon to obtain the inert gas configuration, it must gain or lose ________ valence electrons.
4
Well over _______ different organic compounds are known to exist.
4 million
How many electrons does a carbon atom have?
6
How many electrons maximum can the p sublevel contain?
6
What is the atomic number of carbon?
6
Why is carbon able to form so many compounds?
Carbon atoms can bond to each other to an extent not possible for other elements.
Which of the following apply to carbon? Select all that apply.
Carbon compounds can be rings. Each arrangement pf carbon atoms corresponds to a different compound. Carbon chains can form branches and cross-links.
_____ bonds share electron pairs.
Covalent
volatile
Easily changes to a gas or vapor.
Which group on the periodic table would have zero electronegativity because they have a full octet?
Inert or noble gases
Why does carbon form covalent bonds?
It will usually bond to multiple atoms which can provide a total of 4 additional electrons.
Which of the following apply to coal?
Pollution is a problem related to burning soft coal. Propane is a type of coal. Coal undergoes decomposition when heated to high temperature in the absence of air. Anthracite is a type of coal.
Silicon and carbon are capable of sharing electrons in the same manner as carbon does with itself in diamond because:
Silicon is in the same group and also has 4 valence electrons
Electronegativity Difference
The difference in electronegativity between two elements in a bond.
distillation
The process of evaporating a liquid and condensing the vapors to form a pure substance.
C12H22O11 + 11 H2SO4 12 C + 11 H2SO4 + 11 H2O How do you know the concentrated sulfuric acid is a catalyst?
The sulfuric acid is not consumed or react with the reactant.
fractional distillation
Used to separate the various compounds of a liquid mixture.
hydrocarbon
a chemical compound composed of only hydrogen and carbon
Which series is the most reactive series?
alkyne
What is the first element to have p electrons?
boron
Which element's properties form the basis for all life?
carbon
Petroleum, natural gas, and coal are the largest sources of _____
carbon compounds
Select the compound that is not organic.
carbon dioxide
A major source of today's medicines is __________ .
coal
The residue of coal decomposition that is used in the manufacture of steel is called
coke
amorphous
composed of a non-planar structure
crystalline
composed of a series of symmetrical planes
Carbon generally forms what type of bonds?
covalent
The carbon bonds in organic compounds are:
covalent
Which type of chemical bonds are formed by sharing electrons?
covalent
All atoms that react _____.
do so to share, gain, or lose electrons to become stable
Clues about the history of the earth have been obtained from the study of_____.
fossil fuels
Which carbon compound is soft, slippery, a decent electricity conductor, and bonded in a way that forms planes?
graphite
Which compounds contain only carbon and hydrogen?
hydrocarbons
Valence electrons are found:
in the outer shell of atoms
The electron stable state configuration in atoms is best seen in the ______ configuration.
inert gas
What type of bond will be formed for atoms that have a +1 or -1 charge?
ionic
Which bond is formed due to a high electronegativity difference?
ionic
All compounds of carbon are made by _____.
ionic bonding
Before 1928, scientists believed that all organic compounds only came from _____.
living organisms
About 90% of natural gas consists of:
methane
Select the compound that is not organic. methane urea sodium chloride sucrose
methane
Which two categories can all substance be classified?
organic or inorganic
Valence electrons are found:
outermost shell
A primary source of hydrocarbons is:
petroleum
major source of organic compounds?
petroleum coal natural gas
Electronegativity Difference < 1.5
strongly covalent
Electronegativity Difference > 2.0
strongly ionic
The chemicals added to natural gas to give the gas an odor are a compound containing
sulfur
electronegativity
the degree of attraction of one atom for the valence electrons of another atom
Carbon atoms can form chains _______ of atoms long.
thousands
What was the first organic compound to be synthesized in a lab?
urea
Which property makes a compound easier to boil?
volatility
