unit 4 gov

The media perform the signaling role by

-B) informing the public of breaking events and new developments, pg 340

What development brought about a dramatic reduction in television's capacity to generate an interest in news?

-E) the rapid spread of cable, pg 338

Which if the following is roughly the amount that was spent on lobbying in the united states in 2009

3.5 billion

There are more than ---- pac in us

4000

Which of the following groups is MOST closely aligned with the Democratic Party, voting more than 80 percent Democratic in presidential elections?

African Americans, pg 256

What is objective journalism

Based on reporting of "facts" rather than opinion and is "fair" in that it presents both side of the parrtisan debate

The influence of interest groups through the courts occur through

Both investing lawsuits and lobbying for certain judged to be appointed to the bench

Largest number of pacs are associated with

Business

The Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) ruling held that super PAC spending,

C) must not be coordinated with election campaigns, pg 306

Most full organized interested group prioritize

Economic activity

Examples of different types of interest groups

Economic, business, labor, fame groups, citizens groups

Reason for so many interest groups in Us

Groups develop when ppl with a shared interest have the opportunity and the incentive to join together. Federlsism and separation of powers offers numerous points at which groups can try to influence public policy

Difficulties of third parties and consequences

If a minor party starts to gain a following, one of the emsjor parties is likely to pick it up and third party will lose support. Their candidates rarely win.

Lobbyists receive support in exchange for

Information

In dynamics of iron triangle, what benefit do interest groups provide to friendly bureaucratic agencies

Lobbying support for agency programs

Functions of political parties

Offers voters a choice and to influence direction of gov. build democracy. ongoing coalition of interests joined together in an effort to get its candidates for public office elected under common label

How does the news distort reality

Overexagerates and over reacts. Tells us what they want us to hear

Key players in modern campaigns

Pollsters, media producers, fund raising specialists, campaign consultants

Watchdog function

Press exposes officials who violate accosted legal, ethical, or performance standards.

Grasroots lobbying is based on the assumption that officials will respond to

Pressure from constituents

Another name for an interest group us

Pressure group

The FCC's equal time requirement

Prohibited broadcasters from selling or giving time to political candidates while denying it to their opponents, pg 320

Interest group functions

Supporting candidates for public office, working to influence policymakers promtiimg public policies, working to influence legislators

In recent decades, lobbyists in wash dc have increasingly

Targeted executive branch on their efforts to influence policy decisions

The dominant labor interested group is

The AFL CIO

According to james Madison source of most factions is

Unequal distribution of property

Citizens of blank are malt activity involved in interest groups and comm cases

United states

The term iron triangle refers to

a small and informal but relatively stable set of bureaucrats, legislators, and lobbyists who are concerned with promoting a particular interest.

One consequence of today's high-choice media system is

a widening in the partisan divide,

The Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

allows corporations and labor unions to spend unlimited funds on campaigns

An informal grouping of officials, lobbyists, and policy specialists who come together temporarily around a policy problem is

an issue network

Outside lobbying does not include

developing and maintaining close contacts with policymakers.

The most fully organized interests are those that have which of the following as their primary purpose?

economic activity,

Today's emerging major voting blocs

economic interest and private goods hispanics and young adults

Endurance of two party system in U.S.

endurance comes from their ability to adapt to change. undergone several realignments= somewhat diff coalitions and philosophies. The most recent abt issue of civil rights (1960s) and progressed into other reactions like abortion and the size of federal gov. realignment led to party polarization - widening divide between Republicans and Democrats (including officials and voters)

Super PACs have been criticized primarily for

giving too much influence to the wealthy,

Presidential candidates in the 1960s, compared with today,

had longer sound bites, on average, in broadcasting television shows,

PACs tend to contribute the most money to

incumbents

A main difference between iron triangles and issue networks is that

issue networks are generally less stable than iron triangles, in that the members of an issue network may change as the issue develops.

In the dynamics of an iron triangle, what benefit do interest groups provide to friendly government agencies?

lobbying support for agency programs,

Scholarly research has shown that, overall, the traditional media have

no substantial bias

Effective inside lobbying is based upon

providing useful and persuasive information to key officials.

Percentage of partisan vote and incumbent can expect to win

rare for party nominee to get less than 80% partisan vote strong partisans more likely to vote bc typically more informed bc of strong interest

A pluralist could be expected to argue that

society is best seen as a collection of separate interests.

Which of the following is an indication of strong party loyalty?

straight-ticket voting

The reason the news product is designed to fascinate as well as to inform is

that news organizations are fundamentally businesses and must obtain revenue to survive,

During what decade did the American television network news audience change from a growing to a shrinking one?

the 1980s,

Why have issue networks become more prevalent than iron triangles?

the increasing complexity of policy problems

A flaw in pluralism theory is the fact that

the interest group system is unrepresentative, because some interests are far better organized and more powerful than others

Which of the following statements would NOT be accepted by supporters of the pluralist view of interest groups?

the opinion of the majority should always prevail, in a policy dispute, over the opinion of a more intense and directly affected minority,

The federal government's licensing of broadcasting is based primarily on

the scarcity of broadcasting frequencies

Citizens' interest groups are distinguished from economic interest groups by the fact that

their members receive no direct economic benefit from attainment of the group's goals

Citizens' interest groups are distinguished from economic interest groups by the fact that

their members receive no direct economic benefit from attainment of the group's goals.

Economic groups have an advantage over noneconomic groups because

they have greater access to financial resources

Grassroots lobbying

ttempt to Influence a Official indirectly or through a person or organization who solicits another to deliver a message to a Official