Unit 4: Ionic & Covalent Bonding
Compound
A substance made up of two or more different types of atoms bonded together
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical changes. (Only has atoms of one type)
anion
An atom that has a negative charge.
cation
An atom that has a positive charge.
ion
An atom that has a positive or negative charge.
insoluble
Covalent bonds are _____________ in water
Low
Covalent bonds have _______ melting points
Valence Electrons
electrons in the outermost energy level
covalent bond
A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
ionic bond
A chemical bond resulting from the transfer of electrons to form ions.
polyatomic ion
A molecule that has a positive or negative charge.
Nonmetals
In a covalent bond, nonmetals are bonded to
Metals
In a ionic bond, nonmetals are bonded to
Lost/Gained
In an ionic bonds, electrons are _____________ between two atoms
Shared
In covalent bonds, electrons are ___________ between two atoms.
Soluble
Ionic bonds are highly ___________________ in water
High
Ionic bonds have _______ melting points
Octet Rule
States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons
Chemical Formula
This shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of atoms
Metals and Nonmetals
What does an ionic compound contain?
Lewis Dot Diagram
a model that uses electron-dot structures to show how electrons are arranged in molecules