Unit 4: Ionic & Covalent Bonding

Compound

A substance made up of two or more different types of atoms bonded together

Element

A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical changes. (Only has atoms of one type)

anion

An atom that has a negative charge.

cation

An atom that has a positive charge.

ion

An atom that has a positive or negative charge.

insoluble

Covalent bonds are _____________ in water

Low

Covalent bonds have _______ melting points

Valence Electrons

electrons in the outermost energy level

covalent bond

A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons

ionic bond

A chemical bond resulting from the transfer of electrons to form ions.

polyatomic ion

A molecule that has a positive or negative charge.

Nonmetals

In a covalent bond, nonmetals are bonded to

Metals

In a ionic bond, nonmetals are bonded to

Lost/Gained

In an ionic bonds, electrons are _____________ between two atoms

Shared

In covalent bonds, electrons are ___________ between two atoms.

Soluble

Ionic bonds are highly ___________________ in water

High

Ionic bonds have _______ melting points

Octet Rule

States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons

Chemical Formula

This shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of atoms

Metals and Nonmetals

What does an ionic compound contain?

Lewis Dot Diagram

a model that uses electron-dot structures to show how electrons are arranged in molecules