Quiz 3 (Biodiversity & Epigenetics)

humans

Most scientists would argue that we are on the verge of 6th mass extinction. What is causing this mass extinction?

niche diversity

Which of these is NOT an "expression" or a measure of biodiversity?

to better help direct the resources to the places that require our greatest attention

Why is it important to identify biodiversity hotspots?

DNA methylation

________________ underlies events such as X-chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting.

it is temporarily silenced because the methyl group can be removed

When a DNA promoter sequence is methylated, ____.​

heterozygous

When an individual has two different alleles for a given gene, they are ____ for that gene.​

chromatin remodeling

When histones are rearranged to control gene access, it is called ____.​

homozygous, heterozygous

When two alleles are the same, they are considered to be _____________, while two different alleles are ______________.

-CH3

A gene can be silenced by the addition of what to a nucleotide?

the location of a gene on a chromosome.

A gene locus is

Histone Code

A regulatory mechanism for altering chromatin structure and gene activity, based on signals in histone tails represented by chemical modification patterns

locus

Where an allele is found on a chromosome

CH3CO-; to the histone protecting the promoter region of a gene

Acetylation adds a ____ group ____.​

False

All body cells have the same proteins - the structural and functional differences in cell types are determined by patterns of gene expression that result in different sets of genes.

<3%

Biodiversity hotspots make up for this much of Earth's land surface, but 44 percent of the world's plants and 35 percent of land vertebrates live in these regions.

alleles

The gene for flower color in pea plants, for example, exists in two versions, one for purple flowers and the other for white flowers. These alternative versions of a gene are called _______.

species richness

Considered to be the standard measure of biodiversity, this refers to the number of species present in a sample, ecological community, ecosystem, landscape, region, or any defined spatial unit.

housekeeping

Copy of Genes expressed in almost all cell types are called _____ genes.

Histone deacetylase

In histone modification, the removal of the acetyl group is facilitated by __________________.

not acetylated

In inactive chromatin, the histone tails are _____________.

New Zealand

Life on this archipelago evolved in isolation, so the islands contain many species not found anywhere else. More than 90 percent of the insects and 80 percent of the vascular plants in this archipelago are endemic to the region. What is this archipelago?

may regulate the expression of protein-coding genes

Long noncoding RNAs ____.​

False

Long-term regulation involves quickly turning gene sets on or off in response to changes in environmental or physiological conditions in the cell's or organism's environment

Andes Mountains

Of the more than 30 recognized biodiversity hotspots in the world, this Tropical Hotspot is the world's most diverse.

locus; homologous chromosomes​

Pairs of alleles are found at a particular ____ on a pair of ____.​

5

Scientifically, how many recognized mass extinctions have our planet had so far?

lack genetic diversity

Some species are more vulnerable to fluctuations caused by climate change and other similar phenomena. This could be because the species ___________.

histones, DNA, other proteins

The chromatin making up a eukaryotic chromosome is composed of ________, ________, and ______________.

genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism​

gene repression

The removal of acetyl group in histone modification is associated with __________.

locus​

The site on a chromosome where a gene is located is called its ____.​

Biodiversity

This contraction refers to the great variety present in all forms of life.

biodiversity

This could also be a measure of the "health" of an environment.

endemism

This is a measure of the uniqueness and irreplaceability of certain organisms.

extinction

This is a natural process of decreasing the number of species on earth.

keystone species

This is a species that has a disproportionately large effect on the communities in which it occurs. Such species help to maintain local biodiversity within a community either by controlling populations of other species that would otherwise dominate the community or by providing critical resources for a wide range of species.

biodiversity

This is measure of the variety of life on earth.

speciation

This is the "opposite" of extinction, which means that the varieties of species is increased thru evolution by natural selection.

Methylation

This is the addition of -CH3 group by histone methyltransferases, which can be associated with gene regulation.

species range

This refers to an area where a particular species can be found during its lifetime.

endemic

This refers to organisms that are found in a single geographic location and nowhere else.

biodiversity hotspot

This refers to regions that are home to thousands of irreplaceable species that are facing multiple, urgent threats.

biomass

This refers to the combined weight or mass of organisms living in a given place.

phenotype

This refers to the physical traits of an organism​.

alleles

Various forms that a single gene can take at a given locus are called