unit 5 apes

The typical U.S. Diet has an energy subsidy of about

10

In developed countries, where wages are relatively high, less than ____ percent of the workforce works in agriculture.

5

Which of the following is the best example of a tragedy of the commons?

Accumulation of plastic particles in the Pacific ocean.

Which of the following statements best describes the most unsustainable method of clear-cutting forests to harvest timber?

All of the trees in a forest are cut down and removed in one operation.

For the time period that you identified in the previous question, calculate the rate of decline in the fish harvest, in metric tons per year. Hint: You will have to first figure out the difference in metric tons between the first year and the final year that you identified. You will then need to divide that number by 5.

Approximately 100,000 metric tons/year

It has been observed that forest fires can produce up to 40 percent of the mean annual global emissions of which of the following gases?

Carbon Dioxide

Which of the following is an unintended environmental consequence of aquaculture?

Contamination of local surrounding water by organic waste

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of the tragedy of the commons?

Depletion of an aquifer (groundwater source) by regional farmers

Coal was surface mined from five sites, labeled 1 through 5, that had originally been covered by forest. Each site was planted with a mix of tree seedlings to reclaim the area to forest. Grass was also seeded over each site to prevent initial erosion and to provide forage. Ten years after planting, information was collected at the five sites and is given in the table below. Select the letter of the row that indicates the site with the most successful forest reclamation

E

The graph shows the worldwide catch of orange roughy, a type of wild caught fish, in tons, from 1977 to 2011. Based on the data in the graph, which of the following fishing practice solutions would best promote the sustainability of the orange roughy population?

Establishment of quotas on the number of orange roughy caught

Most of the energy subsidy of the typical U.S. Diet comes from

Fossil fuel energy

Most of the energy subsidies in modern agriculture are used for (choose all that apply)

Pumping water for irrigation Producing fertilizers and pesticides Harvesting food and preparing it for transport Operating tractors

Identify one international regulation or United States federal law that applies to the harvesting of marine food resources and explain how that regulation or law helps to manage marine species.

The US made the sustainable fisheries Act of 1996, which doesn't allow fishing to happen around an endangered species.

Define "maximum sustainable yield."

The maximum sustainable yield is the maximum amount of a resource that can be harvested without the future availability of that resource.

What are tree plantations and what problems are associated with them?

They are trees that are replanted from the major deforestation of timber companies, they also lead to soil depletion. Another problem is there is a loss of biodiversity.

One example of the tragedy of the commons occurs when trees are harvested from tropical rain forests without any regulations. Which of the following best describes why this is an example of the tragedy of the commons?

Timber producers remove as much timber as possible as cheaply as possible.

Which of the following best explains why the maximum sustainable yield for ocean fisheries has been exceeded?

Too many fish of reproductive age are harvested.

Overgrazing of public land by privately owned livestock is an example of the

Tragedy of the commons

One way that consumers can help prevent a decrease in the number of fish species that are experiencing population declines is to

eat fish that are caught using sustainable harvesting methods, therefore ensuring fish populations remain stable and reducing the amount bycatch harvested

The shift in farming methods during the 20th century was known as the

green revolution

An increase in food production leads to a : With more food come more people, who require even more food production.

positive feedback loop

Sustainable use of forests in the United States would likely be encouraged by

selectively cutting small groups of medium- and large- sized trees in forests.

Which of the following best describes why aquaculture has grown considerably in several parts of the world?

Aquaculture fisheries provide a larger and more consistent quantity of fish year-round than do wild fisheries.

Which of the following is a direct economic advantage associated with aquaculture?

Aquaculture produces large amounts of seafood for human purchase and consumption year-round.

Choose any TWO commercial fishing practices from the list below. For each of your choices, describe the practice and explain the role it plays in the depletion of marine organisms. Bottom trawling Long-line fishing Using drift nets/gill nets/purse seines Using sonar

Bottom trawling are net sinks that sink to the bottom of the ocean and are mainly used for shellfish and crabs. Unfortunately, it could cause a lot of damage to habitats, scrapping the seafloor causing the populations closed to the seafloor to be disturbed and interrupted. Sonar fishing is used to detect schools of fish using fewer fossil fuels than any other commercial fishing practice. Unfortunately, sonar fishing also disrupts other animals like whales and dolphins, causing them to lose their mates, affecting the population.

Seafood is an important part of the human diet in many parts of the world. Seafood is harvested from different sources Based on the graph, identify the range of years in which approximately all seafood produced in Chile was wild caught.

1960-1990

The graph above shows the decline in the catch of groundfish (such as cod, haddock, and flounder) from Georges Bank from 1965 to 1995. This decline in the fish harvest resulted in the closure of large portions of the fishery. Identify the five-year period during which the greatest rate of decline in the fish harvest took place.

1965-1970

The table below shows fish harvest data from United States commercial fisheries in 2011, 2012, and 2013. Fish landings are defined as the total catch of marine fish that are brought into ports for sale. Bycatch refers to the unwanted fish and other marine organisms that are caught during commercial fishing operations, but are not harvested or sold. Calculate the percent of the total catch of all fish in 2012 that was bycatch?

9%

Seafood is an important part of the human diet in many parts of the world. Seafood is harvested from different sources. Based on the graph, describe the trend in production from aquaculture in Chile between 1995 and 2010.

Aquaculture production is increasing at a fairly steady rate.

The development of dangerous strains of disease organisms represents a significant consequence of which of the following agricultural practices?

Incorporating antibiotics into the feeding regimens of densely concentrated livestock

Industrial logging threatens many forested ecosystems. Which of the following environmental consequences will most likely result from clear-cutting deciduous forests for logging?

More carbon dioxide will be added to the atmosphere and increase anthropogenic climate change.

How do prescribed burns help to reduce the chances of future forest fires?

Once they remove the dry biomass, then the burned areas will undergo succession, then eventually flourish.

List at least five environmental problems associated with clear cutting.

Reduces biodiversity, leading to dryer soil, increases the chances of mudslides, then increasing the water temperature, and leading to more air pollution.

Which of the following is most likely to occur in a forested region that has been recently clear-cut?

The concentration of nitrates in streams running through the region will increase.

Which of the following is the best example of an economic approach to reduce overfishing for a fish species with a declining population?

The federal government sets a catch limit (per person or per boat) for the species and imposes a tax on any extra fish that are caught.

The fossil fuel energy and human energy input per calorie of food produced, beyond that which is provided by the sun, is called the

energy subsidy

The farming of fish such as salmon at aquaculture facilities poses a threat to marine ecosystems because

the farmed fish can escape and outcompete wild fish for food and territory