Unit 5: Mental, Emotional, and Social Health

What are the 5 general stressors?

-Biological stressors, such as illnesses, disabilities, or injuries -Environmental stressors, such as poverty, pollution, crowding, noise, or natural disasters -Cognitive, or thinking, stressors, such as the way you perceive a situation or how it affects you and the world around you -Personal behavior stressors, such as negative reactions in the body and mind caused by using tobacco, alcohol, or other drugs or by a lack of physical activity -Life situation stressors, such as the death of a pet, the separation or divorce of parents, or having trouble in relationships with peers

What does CLUES stand for?

-Connect (Make contact.) -Listen (Take time and pay attention.) -Understand (Let the person know that you empathize with his or her feelings.) -Express Concern (Say that you care, and stay with the person.) -Seek Help (Encourage the person to talk to an adult, and tell an adult yourself.)

What are steps in the grieving process?

-Denial or Numbness. In this stage, the person cannot believe the loss has occurred. This part of the process protects the person from being overwhelmed by his or her emotions. -Emotional Releases. These reactions come with recognition of the loss and often involve periods of crying, which is important to the healing process. -Anger. Feeling powerless and unfairly deprived, the person may lash out at whatever is perceived to be responsible for the loss. Sometimes a general resentment toward life sets in. -Bargaining. As the reality of the loss becomes clear, the person may promise to change if only what was lost can be returned, even for a little while. -Depression. Beyond the natural feelings of sadness, feelings of isolation, alienation, and hopelessness occur as the person recognizes the extent of the loss. -Remorse. The person may become preoccupied with thoughts about what he or she could have done to prevent the loss or make things better. -Acceptance. This stage can involve a sense of power, allowing the person to face reality in constructive ways and make significant and meaningful gestures surrounding the idea of loss. -Hope. Eventually the person reaches a point when remembering becomes less painful and he or she begins to look ahead to the future.

What are some strategies to control stress?

-Engage in physical activity. Physical activities, such as tennis and swimming, improve your body's health and also affect your brain chemistry, helping to calm you down. -Look for support among your friends and family. Chances are, they know exactly how you feel. Go to a movie or eat out together. Talk about what's bothering you. -Find a hobby or activity that relaxes you. You might learn something new and make new friends. -Avoid using tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs. These substances can lead to addiction and cause other problems.

What are physical effects of stress?

-Headache caused by stress is the most common type of headache. It is estimated that, in any given year, about 70 percent of all people worldwide will have at least one stress headache. Many headaches are related to tension. When stressed, the muscles in the head and neck contract. Migraine headaches, which affect about one in ten people, may also be triggered by stress. During a migraine attack, inflamed blood vessels and nerves around the brain cause severe throbbing, which is often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. -Asthma. For some people, stress can trigger an asthma attack. During an asthma attack, breathing becomes difficult as the bronchioles, or air-carrying tubes of the lungs, constrict. The person may cough, wheeze, or fight to get air. If untreated, some cases of asthma can be life threatening. If you have asthma, it is important to discover what sets off your attacks and how to avoid or manage these triggers. -High blood pressure. Prolonged stress can cause an increase in a person's levels of cholesterol, the fatty substance that can block arteries. High cholesterol levels can result in high blood pressure, a condition that contributes to heart disease and stroke. -Weakened immune system. Extended exposure to stress can reduce the body's ability to fight disease by weakening the immune system. When your immune system is weakened, you may be more prone to colds, flu, or more severe infections.

How could you help someone you think is suicidal?

-Initiate a meaningful conversation. Showing interest and compassion for a person is an important first step. Listen closely to what that person says; be patient and understanding. -Show support and ask questions. Remind the person that most problems have solutions. Make it clear that you understand that the person wants to end his or her pain, but emphasize that suicide is not the answer. Share the fact that most suicide survivors later express gratitude that they did not die. -Try to persuade the person to seek help. Encourage the person to talk with a parent, counselor, therapist, or other trusted adult. Offer to go with the person to get help.

What is perfectionist's anxiety?

A perfectionist's anxiety comes from believing that nothing he or she does will be good enough. Placing this type of pressure on oneself can lead to frustration and unhappiness. Having realistic expectations and taking a positive view of your accomplishments can help you avoid the anxiety caused by perfectionism.

What is a stressor?

A stressor is anything that causes stress. People, objects, places, events, and situations are all potential stressors. Some stressors affect almost everyone in a similar way. The sound of a siren, for example, heightens alertness in most people. Other stressors affect different people in different ways. Going to a new school, for example, can cause anticipation in some people but a sense of anxiety in others.

What is anxiety?

Anxiety is the condition of feeling uneasy or worried about what may happen. Sometimes anxious feelings can have positive results, such as motivating you to work hard on a school presentation or keeping you alert in risky situations. Other times, anxiety can get in the way of a person's performance. For example, someone giving a speech may feel so nervous and stumble on a few lines.

What is depression?

Depression is a prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness and is much stronger than the occasional sad mood and is not as easy to manage.

What are developmental assets?

Developmental assets are the building blocks of development that help young people grow up as healthy, caring, and responsible individuals.

What is "sense of belonging"?

Having emotional attachment to family members, friends, teachers, and other people around you provides comfort and assurance.

What are some ways to develop a positive self-image?

Having positive self-esteem, a sense of belonging, a sense of purpose, a positive outlook, and autonomy are some ways to develop a positive self-image.

What is mental and emotional health?

Is the ability to accept yourself and others, adapt to and manage emotions, and deal with the demands and challenges you meet in life. Someone who is mentally and emotionally healthy can usually handle a wide variety of feelings and situations. They know strategies for replacing negative thoughts with positive. Someone who is mentally and emotionally healthy is able to identify factors that promote a positive self-image.

Can stress be good? How?

It can motivate you to do your best and give you the extra energy you need to reach your goals. For example, some people may perform better under the stress of competition.

What is level 1?

Level 1 is physical health which is the need to satisfy basic needs of hunger, thirst, sleep, and shelter.

What is level 4?

Level 4 is feeling recognized which includes the need to achieve, and the need to be recognized.

hierarchy of needs

Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active 1. physical 2. safety 3. belonging 4. feeling recognized 5. reaching potential

What is modeling?

Modeling is observing and learning from the behaviors of those around you. If the behavior of your role model is healthful,the effect on your developing personality will also be healthful. The values you learn from your role models help shape the person you become and the way you live your life.

What are the 5 developmental relationship framework?

Mutual Respect and Consideration, honesty, dependability, and commitment

What is perception?

Perception is the act of becoming aware through the senses. One way to manage stress is to change how you perceive and react to events that cause it. Imagine, for example, that you and your best friend have just had an argument. You believe that this disagreement has destroyed your friendship. Your friend, on the other hand, sees the argument as a simple disagreement that you will eventually work out. Because of your perception of the event, you are more likely to experience a higher level of stress than your friend.

mental health professionals

Psychiatrist—a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating mental disorders and can prescribe medications•Neurologist—a physician who specializes in organic disorders of the brain and nervous system •Clinical Psychologist—a professional who diagnoses and treats emotional and behavioral disorders by means of counseling but cannot prescribe medications •Counselor—a professional who works to help people with personal and educational matters•Psychiatric Social Worker—a professional who provides guidance and treatment for clients withemotional problems, usually in the setting of a mental hospital, mental health clinic, or family service agency•School aPsychologist—a professional who specializes in the assessment of learning, emotional,and behavioral problems of schoolchildren

What are the types of depression?

Reactive depression is a response to a stressful event, such as the death of a friend. While this type of depression can last longer than a case of the "blues," most times it eventually goes away as the person finds a way to manage his or her response to the event. Major depression is a medical condition requiring treatment. It is more severe and lasts much longer than reactive depression. Major depression may develop from reactive depression, or it may be the result of a chemical imbalance in the brain or a genetic tendency.

What is stress?

Stress is the reaction of the body and mind to everyday challenges and demands. You might experience stress during your daily routine, such as when you're running late or when you can't find your keys. Taking an important exam, playing in a state championship basketball game, or arguing with a friend can all be sources of stress.

What are some stress management techniques?

Stress management techniques include planning ahead, getting adequate sleep, getting regular physical activity, eating nutritious food, and avoiding alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs.

What are some symptoms of depression?

Symptoms of depression can include an irritable or restless mood; withdrawal from friends and activities that were previously important or enjoyable; a change in appetite or weight; feelings of guilt or worthlessness; and a sense of hopelessness.

What are 2 main influences on your personality?

The two main influences are heredity and your environment. Heredity plays a role in determining a person's basic intellectual abilities and temperament, or emotional tendencies. There is also evidence that heredity may influence behaviors such as risk-taking and talents such as athletic or artistic abilities.Your environment includes everything that surrounds you in your day-to-day life. This means your family, friends, peers, home, neighborhood, school, and every other person, place, object, event, or activity in your life. All of these influences can have an impact on your developing personality.

Heredity can influence behaviors such as?

There is also evidence that heredity may influence behaviors such as risk-taking and talents such as athletic or artistic abilities. This doesn't mean that you have no control over how successful you become or what you do. Your inherited brain chemistry is only one of the many factors contributing to your personality and behavior.

What are warning signs of suicide?

Verbal Signs •Direct statements such as these: "I want to die." "I don't want to live anymore." "I wish I were dead." •Indirect statements such as these: "I won't have to put up with this much longer." "I just want to go to sleep and never wake up." "They'll be sorry when I'm gone." "Soon this pain will be over." "I can't take it anymore." "Nothing matters." "I won't be a problem for you much longer." "What's the use?" •Writing poems, song lyrics, or diary entries that deal with death. •Suicide threats or insinuations that are either direct or indirect. Nonverbal or Behavioral Signs •An unusual obsession with death •Withdrawal from friends •Dramatic changes in personality, hygiene, or appearance • Impulsive, irrational, or bizarre behavior •An overwhelming sense of guilt, shame, or rejection; negative self-evaluation •Significant deterioration in schoolwork or recreational performance •Preoccupation with giving away personal belongings • Substance abuse •Frequent complaints about physical symptoms such as stomach aches, headaches, fatigue • Persistent boredom and indifference •Violent actions, rebellious behavior, or running away • Intolerance for praise or rewards

behavior therapy

a treatment process that focuses onchanging unwanted behaviors through rewards and reinforcements.

stages of stress

alarm, resistance, fatigue

grief response

an individual's total response to a major loss

psychotherapy

an ongoing dialogue between a patient anda mental health professional.The dialogue is designed to findthe root cause of a problem and devise a solution.

organic disorder

caused by a physical illness or an injurythat affects the brain. Brain tumors, infections, chemical imbal-ances, exposure to drugs and toxins, or injuries resulting in braindamage may lead to organic mental disorders.

What are the 4 internal developmental assets?

commitment to learning, positive values, social competencies, and positive identity

What are the 3 C's?

communication-your ways of sending and receiving messages cooperation-working together for the good of all compromise- is a problem-solving method that involves each participant's giving up something to reach a solution that satisfies everyone.

How many steps are in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

five

functional disorder

has a psychological cause and does notinvolve brain damage. These disorders may result from heredity,stress, emotional conflict, fear, ineffective coping skills, or otherconditions. Often, functional disorders are tied to disturbing eventsin childhood, such as abuse, serious illness, or the traumatic deathof a close relative. These disorders may also be tied to recent events,such as divorce, economic hardships, or natural disasters.

group therapy

involvestreating a group of people who havesimilar problems and who meet regularly with a trained counselor.is the use of certain medications to treat

biomedical therapy

is the use of certain medications to treat or reduce the symptoms of a mental disorder. It is sometimes used alone, but is often combined with other treatment methods, such as those listed above.

bipolar disorder

manic-depressive disorder, is markedby extreme mood changes, energy levels, and behavior.

what two major body systems are active during response to stress

nervous and endocrine

What are the 4 external developmental assets?

support, empowerment, boundaries and expectations, and constructive use of time

obsessive-compulsive disorder

trapped in a pat-tern of repeated thoughts or behaviors.

cognitive therapy

treatment method designed toidentify and correct distorted thinking patterns that can lead tofeelings andbehaviors that may be troublesome, self-defeating, or self-destructive.