Unit 5 Psychology Test Review

26. Eighteen-month-old Becca is in the telegraphic speech phase. Which of the following best represents something she might say?

"Katie fall"

67. If approached on the street by a stranger and asked to make a guess about their IQ score, your best guess would be

100

51. People are said to have an intellectual disability if they have difficulty adapting to the demands of independent living and have IQ scores below

70

41. What does Hermann Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve show about the nature of storage decay?

A rapid initial decline followed by a leveling off

FRQ: Tania feels like she encodes material well, but she still forgets the material on test day. Explain how her forgetting might be related to problems with each of the following: Storage Retrieval Retroactive interference

A) She is unable to store received information and is unable to store memories beyond short-term memory possibly from temporal cortex and hippocampus damage. B) Damage to similar areas, and can result from anterograde amnesia ( She is unable to retrieve stored memories) c) The information on the test may confuse her memory and effectively change what she thinks she remembers studying. (New information changes and affects old information, and memories are re-encoded)

63. The most widely used modern intelligence test was developed by

Alfred Binet

29. A methodical, logical rule that guarantees solving a particular problem is called a(n)

Algorithm

8. Which of the following illustrates the serial position effect?

Alp is unable to remember the middle of a list of vocabulary words as well as he remembers the first or last words on the list

45. Which of the following is an example of a flashbulb memory?

Anna remembers when her father returned from an overseas military deployment because the day was very emotional for her

After seeing a news story about a kidnapping, we are more afraid of kidnapping, even though it is a very rare occurrence. Which of the following is the term for this phenomenon?

Availability heuristic

31. Thom believes that his congresswoman is an honest person even after she is arrested and sent to jail. Thom is experiencing

Belief perseverance

44. Researchers studying the links among emotion, stress, and memory have discovered that

Both stress and emotion make events more memorable

43. What two parts of the brain are most involved in implicit memory?

Cerebellum and basal ganglia

28. The idea that language develops because of an inborn tendency to learn the grammar rules of language was proposed by

Chomsky

6. When someone provides his phone number to another person, he usually pauses after the area code and again after the next three numbers. This pattern underscores the importance of which memory principle?

Chunking

The mental activity associated with remembering, thinking, and knowing is called

Cognition

30. Thom believes that his congresswoman is an honest woman. He looks for examples of her giving to charity and ignores her ethics violations, which have recently been in the news. Thom is being affected by

Confirmation bias

46. John has noticed that he does better on his chemistry exams when he takes them in the same seat that he sits in during class than when he sits in a different seat for exams. If he properly prepared for each exam, then ________________ may explain his difference in scores.

Context effects

Which of the following refers to the narrowing of available problem solutions with the goal of determining the best solution?

Convergent thinking

36. Producing valuable and novel ideas best defines which of the following?

Creativity

22. Which of the following demonstrates the representativeness heuristic?

Deciding that a new kid in school is a nerd because he looks like a nerd

Your teacher asks how many uses you can think of for a pencil. She is testing your

Divergent thinking

61. If Lanie is able to tell when her husband is upset by noticing subtle changes in his facial expressions, she might be said to have a high degree of

Emotional intelligence

18. Scott gets soaked in the rainstorm because he does not think of using his backpack to shield himself from the rain. Which barrier to problem solving is evidenced here?

Fixation

15. People are more concerned about a medical procedure when told it has a 10 percent death rate than they are when told it has a 90 percent survival rate. Which psychological concept explains this difference in concern?

Framing

Many people prefer meat that is 80 percent lean instead of 20 percent fat, even though they are the same thing. Which concept is being used when the same information is presented in a more desirable way?

Framing

52. Charles Spearman's g refers to

General intelligence

60. The Flynn effect refers to the

Gradual increase in average intelligence score of the general population over the last several decades

23. Benjamin Lee Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis relates to what aspect of the power of language?

How language determines thinking

11. Carl damaged his cerebellum in a car accident. As a result, he would have the most trouble remembering

How to ride his therapy bike

21. Which of the following is not one of Robert Sternberg's components of creativity?

Incubation

59. Researchers studying the effects of genes on intelligence have found that

Intelligence is affected by many genes working together

54. What would be true of a thermometer that always reads three degrees lower than the actual temperature?

It is reliable but not valid.

53. Which of the following individuals would best represent our understanding of fluid versus crystallized intelligence?

James is 80 and has just solved a math equation that has been puzzling him for the last 40 years.

24. According to Noam Chomsky, language acquisition occurs most especially because of

Linguistic determinism

Which of the following is an example of anterograde amnesia?

Louis can remember his past, but nothing since experiencing a brain infection 4 years ago.

9. By waiting until the last minute to study for an exam, you are using an unrecommended strategy called

Massed practice

56. Achievement tests are to aptitude tests as

Measurement is to prediction

4. Which of the following statements concerning memory is true?

Memories are often a blend of correct and incorrect information

66. The original formula for a child's intelligence quotient compared a child's

Mental age to his or her chronological age

10. You are more likely to remember happy memories when you are presently happy than when you are sad due to

Mood congruence

27. The prefix "pre" in "preview", or the suffix "ed" in "adapted" are examples of

Morphemes

13. Hermann Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve shows that

Most forgetting occurs early on and then levels off

20. Alice significantly underestimated how long it would take to write her term paper because of

Overconfidence

25. In the word "prepare", each "r" can be considered a

Phoneme

58. Which of the following is one of Robert Sternberg's types of intelligence?

Practical intelligence

65. The purpose of Alfred Binet's early intelligence test was to

Predict how children would do in school

64. Students who do well on college entrance exams generally do well in their first year of college. This helps establish that these exams have

Predictive validity

17. Mave got a new car with the license plate "MAVNUM 1". She is asked by the school parking clerk what her number is bue can only remember her old one, "VANMOM1". Her inability to remember her new plate is most likely due to

Proactive interference

42. Suzanne gets a new phone number. Each time she tries to give someone the new number, she gives her old one instead. The fact that her old number is causing difficulty in remembering of the new one is an example of

Proactive interference

14. When asked to think of a "desk", many students think of the desks in their classroom rather than a large desk used by an executive. This illustrates that their school desks have formed their __________of a desk.

Prototype

When asked to think of a bird, many people think of a robin. In this case a robin is people's ________________ for a bird.

Prototype

3. Which of the following is an example of an implicit memory?

Recognizing names and pictures of your classmates many years after they have graduated

47. Which of the following is an example of the serial position effect?

Remembering the beginning and end of your grocery list, but not the items in the middle

Muhammad has been in his school cafeteria hundreds of times. It is a large room, and there are nine free-standing pillars that support the roof. One day, to illustrate the nature of forgetting, Muhammad's teacher asks him how many pillars there are in the cafeteria. Muhammad has difficulty answering the question, but finally replies that he thinks there are six pillars. What memory concept does this example illustrate?

Retroactive interference

57. Howard Gardner found evidence of multiple intelligences in individuals who scored low on intelligence but had an area of exceptional ability - for example, to make complex calculations. These people have

Savant syndrome

5. The basketball players could remember the main points of their coach's halftime talk, but not her exact words. This is because they encoded the information

Semantically

12. Which of the following is an example of source amnesia?

Stephen misremembers a dream as something that really happened

62. Heritability of intelligence refers to

The amount of group variation in intelligence that can be attributed to genetics

7. Research on the role of the amygdala in memory has found that

The amygdala help make sure we remember events that trigger strong emotional responses

1. Miller's "magical number seven, plus or minus two" refers to

The capacity of short-term memory

Which of the following is most likely to be encoded automatically?

The names of your cousins

2. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is best described as follows:

These synaptic changes allow for more efficient transfer of information

Which of the following is most likely to lead to semantic encoding of a list of words?

Thinking about how the words relate to your own life

55. What is the benefit of standardizing an intelligence test?

To provide a basis for comparing scores against a pretested group

19. A phoneme, such as the "c" in cows, is best described as a

Unit of sound in a language

16. Which of the following illustrates a heuristic?

Using three dramatic news reports of corporate fraud to estimate how often business fraud occurs

48. In history class, James is effortfully connecting the new material to what he has learned in the past. This making of connections in the moment best describes James'

Working memory