Unit 5 Psychology Test Review
26. Eighteen-month-old Becca is in the telegraphic speech phase. Which of the following best represents something she might say?
"Katie fall"
67. If approached on the street by a stranger and asked to make a guess about their IQ score, your best guess would be
100
51. People are said to have an intellectual disability if they have difficulty adapting to the demands of independent living and have IQ scores below
70
41. What does Hermann Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve show about the nature of storage decay?
A rapid initial decline followed by a leveling off
FRQ: Tania feels like she encodes material well, but she still forgets the material on test day. Explain how her forgetting might be related to problems with each of the following: Storage Retrieval Retroactive interference
A) She is unable to store received information and is unable to store memories beyond short-term memory possibly from temporal cortex and hippocampus damage. B) Damage to similar areas, and can result from anterograde amnesia ( She is unable to retrieve stored memories) c) The information on the test may confuse her memory and effectively change what she thinks she remembers studying. (New information changes and affects old information, and memories are re-encoded)
63. The most widely used modern intelligence test was developed by
Alfred Binet
29. A methodical, logical rule that guarantees solving a particular problem is called a(n)
Algorithm
8. Which of the following illustrates the serial position effect?
Alp is unable to remember the middle of a list of vocabulary words as well as he remembers the first or last words on the list
45. Which of the following is an example of a flashbulb memory?
Anna remembers when her father returned from an overseas military deployment because the day was very emotional for her
After seeing a news story about a kidnapping, we are more afraid of kidnapping, even though it is a very rare occurrence. Which of the following is the term for this phenomenon?
Availability heuristic
31. Thom believes that his congresswoman is an honest person even after she is arrested and sent to jail. Thom is experiencing
Belief perseverance
44. Researchers studying the links among emotion, stress, and memory have discovered that
Both stress and emotion make events more memorable
43. What two parts of the brain are most involved in implicit memory?
Cerebellum and basal ganglia
28. The idea that language develops because of an inborn tendency to learn the grammar rules of language was proposed by
Chomsky
6. When someone provides his phone number to another person, he usually pauses after the area code and again after the next three numbers. This pattern underscores the importance of which memory principle?
Chunking
The mental activity associated with remembering, thinking, and knowing is called
Cognition
30. Thom believes that his congresswoman is an honest woman. He looks for examples of her giving to charity and ignores her ethics violations, which have recently been in the news. Thom is being affected by
Confirmation bias
46. John has noticed that he does better on his chemistry exams when he takes them in the same seat that he sits in during class than when he sits in a different seat for exams. If he properly prepared for each exam, then ________________ may explain his difference in scores.
Context effects
Which of the following refers to the narrowing of available problem solutions with the goal of determining the best solution?
Convergent thinking
36. Producing valuable and novel ideas best defines which of the following?
Creativity
22. Which of the following demonstrates the representativeness heuristic?
Deciding that a new kid in school is a nerd because he looks like a nerd
Your teacher asks how many uses you can think of for a pencil. She is testing your
Divergent thinking
61. If Lanie is able to tell when her husband is upset by noticing subtle changes in his facial expressions, she might be said to have a high degree of
Emotional intelligence
18. Scott gets soaked in the rainstorm because he does not think of using his backpack to shield himself from the rain. Which barrier to problem solving is evidenced here?
Fixation
15. People are more concerned about a medical procedure when told it has a 10 percent death rate than they are when told it has a 90 percent survival rate. Which psychological concept explains this difference in concern?
Framing
Many people prefer meat that is 80 percent lean instead of 20 percent fat, even though they are the same thing. Which concept is being used when the same information is presented in a more desirable way?
Framing
52. Charles Spearman's g refers to
General intelligence
60. The Flynn effect refers to the
Gradual increase in average intelligence score of the general population over the last several decades
23. Benjamin Lee Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis relates to what aspect of the power of language?
How language determines thinking
11. Carl damaged his cerebellum in a car accident. As a result, he would have the most trouble remembering
How to ride his therapy bike
21. Which of the following is not one of Robert Sternberg's components of creativity?
Incubation
59. Researchers studying the effects of genes on intelligence have found that
Intelligence is affected by many genes working together
54. What would be true of a thermometer that always reads three degrees lower than the actual temperature?
It is reliable but not valid.
53. Which of the following individuals would best represent our understanding of fluid versus crystallized intelligence?
James is 80 and has just solved a math equation that has been puzzling him for the last 40 years.
24. According to Noam Chomsky, language acquisition occurs most especially because of
Linguistic determinism
Which of the following is an example of anterograde amnesia?
Louis can remember his past, but nothing since experiencing a brain infection 4 years ago.
9. By waiting until the last minute to study for an exam, you are using an unrecommended strategy called
Massed practice
56. Achievement tests are to aptitude tests as
Measurement is to prediction
4. Which of the following statements concerning memory is true?
Memories are often a blend of correct and incorrect information
66. The original formula for a child's intelligence quotient compared a child's
Mental age to his or her chronological age
10. You are more likely to remember happy memories when you are presently happy than when you are sad due to
Mood congruence
27. The prefix "pre" in "preview", or the suffix "ed" in "adapted" are examples of
Morphemes
13. Hermann Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve shows that
Most forgetting occurs early on and then levels off
20. Alice significantly underestimated how long it would take to write her term paper because of
Overconfidence
25. In the word "prepare", each "r" can be considered a
Phoneme
58. Which of the following is one of Robert Sternberg's types of intelligence?
Practical intelligence
65. The purpose of Alfred Binet's early intelligence test was to
Predict how children would do in school
64. Students who do well on college entrance exams generally do well in their first year of college. This helps establish that these exams have
Predictive validity
17. Mave got a new car with the license plate "MAVNUM 1". She is asked by the school parking clerk what her number is bue can only remember her old one, "VANMOM1". Her inability to remember her new plate is most likely due to
Proactive interference
42. Suzanne gets a new phone number. Each time she tries to give someone the new number, she gives her old one instead. The fact that her old number is causing difficulty in remembering of the new one is an example of
Proactive interference
14. When asked to think of a "desk", many students think of the desks in their classroom rather than a large desk used by an executive. This illustrates that their school desks have formed their __________of a desk.
Prototype
When asked to think of a bird, many people think of a robin. In this case a robin is people's ________________ for a bird.
Prototype
3. Which of the following is an example of an implicit memory?
Recognizing names and pictures of your classmates many years after they have graduated
47. Which of the following is an example of the serial position effect?
Remembering the beginning and end of your grocery list, but not the items in the middle
Muhammad has been in his school cafeteria hundreds of times. It is a large room, and there are nine free-standing pillars that support the roof. One day, to illustrate the nature of forgetting, Muhammad's teacher asks him how many pillars there are in the cafeteria. Muhammad has difficulty answering the question, but finally replies that he thinks there are six pillars. What memory concept does this example illustrate?
Retroactive interference
57. Howard Gardner found evidence of multiple intelligences in individuals who scored low on intelligence but had an area of exceptional ability - for example, to make complex calculations. These people have
Savant syndrome
5. The basketball players could remember the main points of their coach's halftime talk, but not her exact words. This is because they encoded the information
Semantically
12. Which of the following is an example of source amnesia?
Stephen misremembers a dream as something that really happened
62. Heritability of intelligence refers to
The amount of group variation in intelligence that can be attributed to genetics
7. Research on the role of the amygdala in memory has found that
The amygdala help make sure we remember events that trigger strong emotional responses
1. Miller's "magical number seven, plus or minus two" refers to
The capacity of short-term memory
Which of the following is most likely to be encoded automatically?
The names of your cousins
2. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is best described as follows:
These synaptic changes allow for more efficient transfer of information
Which of the following is most likely to lead to semantic encoding of a list of words?
Thinking about how the words relate to your own life
55. What is the benefit of standardizing an intelligence test?
To provide a basis for comparing scores against a pretested group
19. A phoneme, such as the "c" in cows, is best described as a
Unit of sound in a language
16. Which of the following illustrates a heuristic?
Using three dramatic news reports of corporate fraud to estimate how often business fraud occurs
48. In history class, James is effortfully connecting the new material to what he has learned in the past. This making of connections in the moment best describes James'
Working memory