Unit 6 quiz: Respiratory
Carbon dioxide:
-concentration is greater in systemic venous blood than in systemic arterial blood -concentration in blood is decreased by hyperventilation -build-up in the blood will result in a decreased pH -all of the above
Which of the following is true of bronchial constriction?
-is a response of the air pathways to dust, smoke or irritant gas -is triggered by the settling of particles less than a micron in diameter on the sensory receptors in the air pathways -when persistent it results in excessive secretion of mucus, a reduction in ciliary activity, and finally cell damage -all of the above
The rate of breathing is chiefly dependent on chemical factors in the blood, of which the most important is:
CO 2 concentration
The ________ is the amount of air that you can inhale above the resting tidal volume.
Inspiratory reserve volume
Which of these age-based changes is false?
Vital capacity increases.
Damage to the type II pneumocytes of the lungs would result in
a) a loss of surfactant. b) a decreased rate of gas exchange. c) increased surface tension in the alveoli. d) increased tendency to alveolar collapse. e) All of the answers are correct.
Air remaining in the conducting portion of the respiratory system that does not reach the alveoli is known as
anatomic dead space.
The opening or closing of the glottis involves rotational movement of the
arytenoid cartilages.
At the level of the alveoli, where does gas exchange occur?
at the respiratory membrane
The respiratory center is housed in the ________ of the brain.
brain stem
The most important chemical regulator of respiration is
carbon dioxide
The measure of how easily the lungs expand and contract is termed
compliance
Inhalation is caused by:
contraction of the diaphragm or intercostal muscles
As the PO2 in the atmosphere decreases with increasing altitude, percent saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood:
decreases
At a given PO2, the percent saturation of hemoglobin:
decreases as pH decreases
Each of the following factors affects the rate of external respiration except the
diameter of an alveolus.
An artificial ventilator replaces which of the following structures:
diaphragm and intercostal muscles
During swallowing, the epiglottis prevents:
food from passing into the trachea
The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the
hard palate
Carbon dioxide is found:
in both venous and arterial blood
Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and has severe breathing difficulties. His problems result from
inability of the respiratory defense mechanism to transport mucus and production of thick secretions that are difficult to transport
Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system?
oropharynx
Because the PCO2 of venous blood is higher than that of alveolar air, CO2 normally diffuses:
out of the plasma and into the alveoli
The carotid bodies are:
peripheral chemoreceptors which respond to PO2, PCO2, and pH
The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the
pharynx
The soft palate and uvula:
prevent food and water from entering the nasal passages
The amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximal forced expiration is called:
residual volume
During inspiration the lung stretch receptors function to:
send inhibitory input to the medulla
Air traveling from the tertiary bronchi must pass through the ________ to reach the pulmonary lobule.
terminal bronchioles
The movement of chloride ions into the RBCs in exchange for bicarbonate ions is known as
the chloride shift
Which of the following is greater?
the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air
The amount of air breathed in and out during normal quiet inspiration is called:
tidal volume
The unit of measurement for pressure specifically preferred by many respiratory therapists is
torr.
What airway connects the larynx to the bronchi?
trachea
Ciliated cells are found in the bronchi, trachea, and nasal cavity.
true
When dust, smoke, or irritant gas particles are too small to elicit the cough reflex, one might expect bronchial constriction to occur.
true
If an individual breathes in as much air as he possibly can and then breathes out as much as he can, the total volume breathed out is called:
vital capacity
The vocal ligaments are found in the
vocal folds.
Diffusion of carbon dioxide from the tissues into the capillary blood:
will occur if the pCO2 in the tissues is greater than that in the blood
Which of the following could be of adaptive value for mountain dwelling people who must breathe high-altitude air having a low PO2?
ability of hemoglobin to release oxygen more readily
A condition characterized as partial or total collapse of alveoli is:
atelectasis
If the fluid bond between the parietal and visceral pleura is broken and the lung collapses, the resulting condition is termed
atelectasis
The conchae
create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus.
The obstructive lung disease in which elastic fibers are lost, leading to collapse of alveoli and bronchioles, is called
emphysema
The laryngeal cartilage composed of elastic cartilage that prevents entry of solids or liquids into the larynx when swallowing is the
epiglottis
The condition resulting from inadequate production of surfactant and the resultant collapse of alveoli is
respiratory distress syndrome
The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of
simple squamous epithelium.
Carbon dioxide:
increases the dissociation of oxygen from the hemoglobin molecule
The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is
internal respiration
Absorption of O2 from blood and release of CO2 from tissue cells is known as
internal respiration.
The space between the thoracic wall and the outer surface of the lung is called:
intrapleural cavity
Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because
it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air.
The C shape of the tracheal cartilages is important because
large masses of food can pass through the esophagus during swallowing.
The vocal folds are located within the
larynx
Secondary bronchi supply air to the
lobes of the lungs.
A head injury has caused a patient to stop breathing. Which area of the brain is most likely damaged?
medulla
The nasal cavity is divided into left and right portions by the
nasal septum
The auditory tubes open into the
nasopharynx
Which of the following is false about the pharynx?
It is shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems
Which of these descriptions best matches the term external intercostal?
primary muscle of inspiration