Unit 7 AP Biology

Which of the following best describes the process responsible for the change in the percent of tuskless female elephants in the Gorongosa National Park population shown in Figure 1 ?

A Human hunting of elephants with tusks between 1977 and 1992.

Which of the following best explains the relationship between coat color and predation rate in the rock pocket mouse population on the lava flow rocks with respect to the different coat color phenotypes?

A dark coat color provides camouflage to mice on the lava flow rocks; therefore, mice with dark coats have a lower predation rate in that habitat.

A scientist wishes to provide experimental evidence to support the model shown in Figure 1 by demonstrating the ability to synthesize an RNA molecule. Which of the following is an alternative hypothesis that can be tested to support the RNA World Hypothesis?

A mixture of ribonucleotides such as adenine and uracil will spontaneously form single-stranded chains of RNARNA.

Which of the following statements best supports the claim that organisms share fundamental processes as a result of evolution?

All organisms share a genetic code organized into triplet codons, making it possible for one organism to express a gene from another organism.

Which of the following best describes the expected distribution of proboscis size of the moths at the end of the five‑year study?

B

Which of the following student claims is best supported by the data provided? (Catalse Chart)

Cattle and sheep are separated by only one node, and they are separated from the other organisms by more than one node.

Which of the following rows of data listed in table 1 best supports the possibility of a common ancestor for the organisms listed there?

Cell wall composed of cellulose

Based on the information provided in the figure, which of the following best describes how membrane-bound organelles provided unique evolutionary advantages to the last eukaryotic common ancestor?

Cells with mitochondria were able to utilize metabolic energy more efficiently.

Lobe-finned fishes were present in the oceans of the world approximately 400 million years ago. The first tetrapods (vertebrates that had limbs and could move on land) date to about 365 million years ago. One hypothesis states that early tetrapods evolved from lobe-finned fishes. Which of the following is the best plan for testing the hypothesis?

Comparing the arrangements of bones in the fins of lobe-finned fishes and limbs of the earliest tetrapods

Of the following, which is the best next step for the researchers to best determine the long-term effectiveness of these insecticides with regards to the development of resistance?

Continue treating the three insect populations with the same insecticides and determine whether their efficiencies decline significantly after several generations.

Based on the phylogenetic relationships shown in Figure 1, which of the following best explains the similarities exhibited by whales, bony fishes, and cartilaginous fishes?

Convergent evolution, because these organisms do not share a recent common ancestor.

Which of the following best describes the processes occurring between the mouse populations and their environments?

Dark color is selected for in mice from the West, Mid, and East populations.

Which of the following would be an appropriate alternative hypothesis?

During the last few decades, tall buildings have been built around the woodlot, and species 3, 4, and 5 are shade‑intolerant plants

Which of the following processes is most consistent with the differences in the amino acid sequences listed in Table 1 ?

Each strain is best adapted to a specific host species.

If geologic events lead to a series of new mountain ranges that divide the plateau into several discrete valleys, which of the following best describes how the L. clathratus population would be affected?

Geographic isolation will create separate gene pools, leading to speciation over time.

Which of the following best represents the next step the researchers should take with respect to experimental design?

Group 1: low dose of streptomycin ++ no dose of additional antibioticGroup 2: low dose of streptomycin ++ low dose of additional antibiotic

Based on the information given, which of the following is a plausible explanation for the ancestry of the tortoise subspecies?

Individuals with different adaptations in shell shape and leg length best exploited the food resources and left more surviving offspring on each island.

Which of the following data sets is most likely to provide reliable information about the evolutionary relationships among these three snail species?

Location of fossils and shell orientation

Which of the following statements best predicts the result of a comparison between the fossils found before and after the period of rapid change?

Most of the species found in the first static period will be absent in the second static period.

Which of the following best describes what occurred during the periods indicated by the arrows?

Natural selection acted on variation that was present in both populations A and B, and the lack of gene flow eventually led to the formation of two new species.

Over several years, bacteria were isolated from members of a human population and tested for antibiotic resistance. The percent of bacterial isolates that were found to be antibiotic resistant is presented in the graph above for each year of the study. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information presented in the graph?

Natural selection over multiple generations is favoring antibiotic resistance in the population of bacteria.

Which organism would the researchers most likely predict to be the most distantly related to eukaryotes?

Organism I

Based on the data in Figure 1, which of the following best describes the concept illustrated?

Parental pairs with a specific beak depth had the highest reproductive fitness.

.Which of the following describes a possible selective mechanism to explain why freshwater sticklebacks typically have reduced pelvic spines?

Reduced pelvic spines increase the likelihood of escaping predators in freshwater environments.

Which of the following best predicts the impact on the lizard species if there is a gradual increase in the average temperatures found in both the lowlands and mountains in this region?

Some lizards will migrate to new habitats in the mountains and become isolated, leading to allopatric speciation.

Which of the specimens indicated in the table is the oldest?

Specimen 4

Scientists claim that some of the populations in Marion County are at an increased risk of decline or extinction. Based on the data in table 1, which of the following best provides evidence to support this claim?

The M4M4 and M5M5 populations have the lowest genetic diversity of all populations.

Based on the data in Table 1, which of the following best describes the relationship between the MC1R gene and coat color in the Carrizozo, New Mexico, rock pocket mouse population?

The MC1RDMC1RD allele is not responsible for dark coat color in the Carrizozo population, so the dark coat color is likely a result of convergent evolution.

Which of the following best explains the mechanism that caused this speciation event in the giant kangaroo rats of population A?

The animals in population A were reproductively isolated from those in populations B, C, and D.

Which of the following could best explain the increase in the frequency of the B allele in the population after five years?

The frequency of the BB allele increased due to the selective pressures of the environment.

Which of the following best predicts the effect of the enclosure on the O'Neill population?

The frequency of the MC1RDMC1RD allele will decline due to natural selection.

Which of the following best explains the phenotypic pattern in the moths over time?

The increased air pollution of the nineteenth century due to the use of coal led to a darkening of surfaces from soot. The darker backgrounds conferred a selective advantage to the black variety, as described by natural selection. A shift to less polluting fuel in the twentieth led to cleaner air and a lightening of the moth's normal habitat.

Which of the following best explains the impact of these new selective pressures on the organisms involved?

The plant species will flower earlier in the spring in response to rising temperatures before the arrival of the pollinators, so seeds will not be produced.

Which of the following could best account for the change in genotypic frequencies over the ten generations?

The population is not exhibiting random mating between individuals.

Which of the following best explains why the population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

The presence of MC1RdMC1Rd alleles in the East lava flow population is an indication of gene flow from mice populations living on light granite rocks

Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the hypothesis that birds and crocodilians (crocodiles and alligators) are more closely related to each other than they are to other organisms?

The skulls of birds and crocodilians have an opening that is absent in the skulls of other reptiles.

Which of the following states a valid null hypothesis about the future distribution of APOE alleles in future generations in the United States?

The variant protects an individual from a condition that is only common among humans beyond reproductive age, so the frequency of the allele will likely not change much in the future because it is not influenced by natural selection.

Which of the following best predicts the importance of this process?

This process is common to all members of Eukarya and allows noncoding regions of RNARNA to be removed so that proteins with the correct amino acid sequence are produced.

. Which of the following would be the most likely effect on Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic resistance?

Transmission of the methicillin-resistance plasmid would gradually decrease but the plasmid would not entirely disappear from the Staphylococcus aureus population.

Which of the following principles best justifies a claim that cheetahs, compared to other large cats, have a relatively low resilience to environmental perturbations?

Which of the following principles best justifies a claim that cheetahs, compared to other large cats, have a relatively low resilience to environmental perturbations?

Which of the following best explains why the brown-feathered phenotype in tawny owls has increased over the past 28 years?

With milder winters, the advantage of gray feathers that blend into a snowy environment has decreased.

Which of the following best describes the importance of the number of amino acid differences indicated in Table 1 ?

hey reflect the number of base pair changes in the DNA.

Which of the following is closest to the frequency of the MC1RD allele in the Tule Mountain population?

.03

Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the non-taster allele?

.29

Assuming that the population is in Hardy‑Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following is the expected frequency of individuals with the genotype MN?

.295