Unit 7 - Atmospheric Pollution Test

28. Dust, ash, and pollen are examples of which type of air pollutant? (a) Particulate matter (b)Ground level ozone (c)Nitrogen oxides (d) Smog

(a) Particulate matter

36. Which of the following is most likely the source of the radon found in the house? (a) Radon gas found in bedrock and soil leaked into the home through cracks in the foundation. (b) Radon found in wood products emitting gas into the house. (c) Radon gas leaked from a malfunctioning fuel-burning appliance, like a water heater. (d)Radon gas leaked from open paint and paint products used by the homeowner for repairs.

(a) Radon gas found in bedrock and soil leaked into the home

30. Chemical compound that leads to the formation of photochemical smog in the troposphere when it reacts with other compounds in the presence of sunlight (a) Nitrates (NO.) (b)Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (c) Nitrogne oxides (NOx) (d) Carbon dioxide (CO-)

(c) Nitrogne oxides (NOx)

29. Which of the following environmental problems is most often linked to the combustion of fossil fuels? (a) Cultural eutrophication in surface waters (b) Thermal inversions in mountain regions (c) Photochemical smog formation (d) Ozone thinning in the troposphere

(c) Photochemical smog formation

38. After cigarette smoking, the next largest cause of lung cancer in the US is (a) Prolonged exposure to asbestos (b) Prolonged exposure to carbon monoxide (c) Prolonged exposure to radon (d) Prolonged exposure to particulate matter

(c) Prolonged exposure to radon

35. Which of the following is a human health impact associated with exposure to radon gas inside homes or other buildings? (a) Acute health effects such as skin burns from high levels of radioactivity (b)Transmission of pathogens from mother to fetus (c) Increased occurrence of developmental disorders in children (d) Increased incidence of lung cancer

(d) Increased incidence of lung cancer

39. In developing countries, the main source of indoor pollution comes from: (a) Pets (b) Mold and fungi growth (c) The presence of lead-based paint (d) Open sources of heating and cooking

(d) Open sources of heating and cooking

21.The average vehicle releases 1.39 grams of NOx per mile driven. If a vehicle is driven 22,000 miles per year for 15 years, how much NOx does that vehicle release? (a)15,827 grams (b)30,580 grams (c)237,410 grams (d)458,700 grams

(d)458,700 grams

9. A paper company located on the banks of a river discharges its treated wastewater into the river. Which of the following would be the best control group to evaluate the treated wastewater from the paper company? (a)A sample of distilled water (b)A sample of water from a nearby river (c)A sample of water downstream from the same river (d)A sample of water upstream from the same river

(d)A sample of water upstream from the same river

5.Which of the following is the human health impact most closely associated with atmospheric particulates? (a)Cataracts (b)Diabetes (c) Melanoma (d)Asthma (e)Obesity

(d)Asthma

18.Which of the following is a human health Impact associated with exposure to radon gas inside homes or other buildings? (a) Acute health effects such as skin burns from high levels of radioactivity (b)Transmission of pathogens from mother to fetus (c)Increased occurrence of developmental disorders in children (d)Increased incidence of lung cancer

(d)Increased incidence of lung cancer

23.Which of the following best describes one way the Clean Air Act helped reduce air pollution? (a) Implemented a program to manage hazardous and nonhazardous wastes (b) Proposed incentives for countries to reduce carbon emissions (c) Created a fund to help developing countries reduce ozone-depleting emissions (d)Introduced regulatory measures to control the amount of lead in fuels

(d)Introduced regulatory measures to control the amount of lead in fuels

19. Which of the following illustrates the reactants needed to form photochemical smog? (A) SO2 + H20 (B) 02 + C6H12O6 (C) NO2 + VOCs + O2 + sunlight (D) CO2 + H2O + sunlight

(C) NO2 + VOCs + O2 + sunlight

33. Increased use of which of the following technologies over the past few decades has caused a significant reduction in the primary source of photochemical smog? (a) Catalytic converter (b) Electrostatic precipitator (c) Methane collector (d) Air scrubbers

(a) Catalytic converter

24.Which of the following is primarily responsible for acid rain in the northeastern United States? (a) Coal (b) Solar power (C)Oil (d) Natural gas

(a) Coal

14. Scientists have observed that the health of people living in moderately developed regions, which have developed transportation and industry but lack environmental control measures, is more likely to be affected by urban outdoor pollution than by indoor air pollution. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the data presented in the graph? (a) In moderately developed regions such as China and Latin America, an individual's health is more or as likely to be affected by urban outdoor pollution than by indoor pollution. (b) Developing regions such as sub-Saharan Africa are less affected by the indoor air pollution because there is no source of radon in the region. (c) Indoor air pollutants decrease and urban outdoor pollutants increase as countries become more industrialized. (d) The amount of both indoor and outdoor air pollution is directly linked to the size of each region.

(a) In moderately developed regions such as China and Latin America, an individual's health is more or as likely to be affected by urban outdoor pollution than by indoor pollution.

2. Acid deposition would most likely result in which of the following (a)The release of aluminum ions from the soil (b)An increase in populations of mollusks (c)The death of species tolerant of low pH levels (d)An increase in buffering of lake water by sulfates (e)An increase in the pH of unbuffered water

(a) The release of aluminum ions from soil

27. How is air pollution movement affected during thermal inversions? (a) There is no difference in movement (b) Pollution moves very slowly away from the affected area (c)Pollution moves very quickly away from the affected area (d) Pollution is attracted to the affected area

(a) There is no difference in movement

13. Recent studies show that the decline of some tree populations in the northeastern United States is due to a combination of factors. Which of the following is the most important factor? (a)Toxic metals freed by acid deposition (b)Carbon dioxide produced by coal-fueled electric power plants (c)Carbon monoxide released in motor vehicle exhaust (d)Lead emissions produced by smelters (e)Radon produced in the Earth's crust

(a)Toxic metals freed by acid deposition

11.In 1950 the pH of the pond water was 8.2, but by 2000 the pH had decreased to 5.2. Which of the following changes would also be expected in the pond over the same time period? Increased levels of heavy metals Increased levels of dissolved oxygen Increased number of fish species (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only (e) 1,2, and 3

(b) 2 only

4. Which of the following locations would most likely receive acid deposition? (a) A major city receiving its electricity from hydroelectric sources (b) A town downwind from a coal-fired power plant (c) A large lake downstream from a concentrated animal feeding operation (d)A stream flowing through agricultural land

(b) A town downwind from a coal-fired power plant

7. Catalytic converters reduce which of the following pairs of pollutants in car exhaust? (a)Carbon dioxide and ozone (b)Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons (c)Carbon dioxide and particulates (d)Lead and mercury (e)Methane and particulates

(b) Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons

25. Particulates can be removed from smokestack emissions by which of the following methods? (a) Irradiation by UV light (b) Electrostatic precipitators (c) Catalytic converters (d) Liquid chromatography (e) oxidation tanks

(b) Electrostatic precipitators

31. Which of the following statements best describes photochemical smog in large cities in the United States (a) Photochemical smog is more prevalent during the winter months (b) Photochemical smog causes negative health impacts like eye and lung irritation (C)Photochemical smog contains secondary pollutants that form when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide interact in the atmosphere (d)Photochemical smog is composed of primary and secondary pollutants that are not reactive

(b) Photochemical smog causes negative health impacts like eye and lung irritation

20.Which of the following actions would be the most effective in decreasing acid rain and acid deposition problems? (a) Using higher smokestacks (b) Reducing use of fossil fuels (c) Developing acid-resistant crops (d)Adding lime to acidified lakes (e) Relocating power plants to areas of lower population density

(b) Reducing use of fossil fuels

15. What important phenomenon that often plays a role in air pollution episodes is illustrated in the diagram above? (a) Albedo (b) Thermal Inversion (c)Stratification (d)Heat-island effect

(b) Thermal Inversion

12.Which of the following was banned from gasoline in the 1970s in the US? (a)Cadmium (b)Lead (c)Arsenic (d) Mercury

(b)Lead

32. Bats use echolocation to find prey by emitting high-pitched bursts of sound and analyzing the reflection. Scientists studying a population of bats in a forest observed that their population size had declined in the years following the completion of a nearby highway. Based on this information, which of the following best explains how noise pollution from the highway has affected the size of the bat population? (a)The highway noise is decreasing the bats' echolocation, allowing them to catch more prey each night. (b)The highway noise is interfering with bats' echolocation,preventing them from successfully locating and catching prey as they fly, (c) The highway noise is producing sounds that disrupt airflow, preventing bats from flying. (d) The highway noise is attracting more bats to the forest causing an increase in intraspecies competition.

(b)The highway noise is interfering with bats' echolocation, preventing them from successfully locating and catching prey as they fly,

6.Smoke from forest fires is most likely to affect air quality over larger areas for many days when (a)smog is produced due to chemical reactions in the atmosphere (b)a persistent atmospheric inversion exists in the region (c)oak trees are burned, releasing terpenes into the atmosphere (d)primary, rather than secondary, forests are burned (e)vegetation in the region is green and burns more slowly

(b)a persistent atmospheric inversion exists in the region

17. The major source of radon in houses in the United States is (a)furniture and carpets (b)the underlying bedrock (c)the troposphere (d)nuclear power plants (e)fossil-fuel combustion

(b)the underlying bedrock

26. Which of the following would most likely neutralize the effect of acid rain on bodies of water, based on he composition of solls and bedrock in the region? (a) An area downwind of a coal-burning electrical plant (b) A valley that is frequently covered by fog (c) A forest grown atop limestone bedrock (d) An open plain covering granite bedrock

(c) A forest grown atop limestone bedrock

16.In addition to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which of the following components must be present in the atmosphere to create photochemical smog? (a)NOx and particulates (b)Particulates and UV light (c)NOx and UV light (d)UV light and CO,

(c)NOx and UV light

40. High levels of noise pollution can: (a) Alter the migration patterns of birds (b) Disorient whales causing them to beach (c) Make animal communication more difficult. (d) All of the above

(d) All of the above?

34. Which of the following are direct products of the burning of fuels in automobile engines? (a) O, N, and CO (b) CO, Ar, and O3 (c) CO2, O3, and Pb (d) CO2, NOx, and VOCs

(d) CO2, NOx, and VOCs

22.Which type of electricy-generating power plant releases sulfur dioxide as well as toxic metals like lead and arsenic? (a) Nuclear (b) Hydroelectric (c)Solar (d) Coal-burning (e) Geothermal

(d) Coal-burning

10. Which of the following would most likely reduce the concentration of ground-level ozone in the air of a city? (a)Release of CFCs into the air of the city (b)Occurrence of several consecutive days of sunny weather (c)Formation of a temperature inversion (d)Decrease in the emissions of nitrogen oxides (e)Release of VOCs into the air of the city

(d) Decrease in the emissions of nitrogen oxides

8. Which of the following is NOT regulated by the EPA through the Clean Air Act? (a) Carbon dioxide (b)Sulfur dioxide (c)Nitrogen oxides (d)Ozone (e)Lead.

(d)Ozone

3. Acid rain is associated with which of the following? (a)Formation of the antarctic ozone hole (b)Release of PCBs into the atmosphere (c)Damage to tropical rain forests (d)The burning of fossil fuels (e)The increasing pH of lake waters

(d)The burning of fossil fuels

37. Acid deposition (a) Increases the mobility of toxic metals (b) Can kill some species of fish (c) Hinders plant growth and makes plants more susceptible to disease (d) Damages statues and buildings (e) All of the above

(e) All of the above

Which of the following would be the strongest evidence in support of a scientist's claim that a local area was experiencing acid deposition? (a) A sudden die-off of ALL the fish in a local stream (b) A gradual increase in the temperature of a local lake (c) An increase in the rate of photosynthesis of aquatic plants in a local lake (d) A long-term increase in the pH of a local pond (e)An increase in the concentrations of soluble heavy metals in a local pond

(e) An increase in the concentrations of soluble heavy metals in a local pond