Unit 7 Chem
A 355 mL Dr. Pepper contains 0.15 moles of sugar. What is the molarity of the Dr. Pepper?
.42M
26.7 grams of acetic acid (HC2H3O2) is dissolved in 0.500 L of water. What is the molarity of this solution?
.889M
You want to make a concentration of 3.00 M KCl and you only have 71.2 g of KCl. How much water do you need to add to make the solution?
0.318 L
What concentration will a solution have if 0.286 moles of solid is added to 316 mL of water?
0.905 M
What final volume does a solution need to be diluted to if you start with 50 mL of a 10 M solution and you want a 4.8 M solution?
104 mL
What is the original concentration of a 0.335 L solution if water was added to the mixture to make 1.34 L of a 0.546 M solution?
2.18 M
How many grams of NaCl must be added to 100. mL of water to make a 0.550 M solution?
3.21 grams
How much water needs to be added to 12 mL of a 5.1 M solution to make a 1.3 M solution?
35 mL
When 51.2 mL of a 12 M HCl solution is diluted to 112 mL, what is the concentration of the solution?
5.5M
What is the pH of a substance that has an [H+] = 1.27 · 10-6 M?
5.9
How much water must be added to 100 mL of a 12 M solution to make a 1.2 M solution?
900 mL
What type of reaction is the following reaction? H2O + NH3 --> OH- + NH4+
Acid/base reaction
Use the solubility rules table below to determine which of the following substances does not dissolve in water. Solubility Rules for Common Ions Ions that are more soluble C2H3O2-, NH4+, ClO3-, ClO2-, CN-, ClO-, ClO4-, MnO4+, NO3-, NO2- Always soluble (No Exceptions) Cl-, Br-, I- Soluble except for compounds with: Ag+, Hg2+, Pb2+ SO42- Soluble except for compounds with: Sr2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Ba2+ Ions that are more Insoluble CO32-, CrO42-, Cr2O72-, PO43- Insoluble except for compounds with: NH4+, an alkali metal cations OH-, S2- Insoluble except for compounds with: NH4+, an alkali metal cations, Sr2+, Ca2+, Ba2+
AgCl
Which of the following reactions is a neutralization reaction? A. H2S + 2NaOH ⟶ 2H2O + Na2S B. 6NaCl + Ca3P2 ⟶ 2Na3P + 3CaCl2 C. C + O2 ⟶ CO2 D. 2HCl + Li2S ⟶ 2LiCl + H2S
Answer A
In the following reaction, which is considered a Bronsted-Lowry base? H2O + F- --> HF + OH- A. H2O B. F- C. HF D. This is not an acid-base reaction
Answer B
Which of the following compounds would be considered an electrolyte? A. C6H12O6 B. NaOH C. CO2 D. AgCl
Answer B
Which of the following molecules can have hydrogen bonding intermolecular force A. H2S B. H3N C. H3P D. HBr
Answer B
Which of the following reactions is a precipitation reaction? A. HCl + NaOH ⟶ H2O + NaCl B. 3CaCl2 + 2(NH4)3PO4 ⟶ Ca3(PO4)2 + 6NH4Cl C. C + O2 ⟶ CO2 D. 2Na + Cl2 ⟶ 2NaCl
Answer B
Which of the following is considered a strong base? A. Mg(OH)2 B. Al(OH)3 C. Sr(OH)2 D. Ni(OH)2
Answer C
Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for chlorous acid? A. HCl B. HClO3 C. HClO2 D. HClO
Answer C
Which of the following reactions is a REDOX reaction? A. H2S + 2NaOH --> 2H2O + Na2S B. 6NaCl + Ca3P2 --> 2Na3P + 3CaCl2 C. C + O2 --> CO2 D. HCl + NaOH --> NaCl + H2O
Answer C
Which of the following scenarios would be an acidic solution? A. [H3O+] < [OH-] B. [H3O+] = [OH-] C. [H3O+] > [OH-] D. [H3O+] is not related to [OH-]
Answer C
Which of the following shows an Arrhenius base? A. NH3 + H+ ⟶ NH4+ B. H2SO4 ⟶ H+ + SO42- C. NaOH ⟶ Na+ + OH- D. HCl ⟶ H+ + Cl-
Answer C
In the following reaction, which one is the conjugate acid of the base? H2O + NH3 --> OH- + NH4+ A. H2O B. NH3 C. OH- D. NH4+
Answer D
What is the correct formula for nitrous acid? A. HN B. H3N C. HNO3 D. HNO2
Answer D
Which of the following substances would be soluble in mineral oil? A. H2O B. HF C. H3N D. H2
Answer D
______ is considered a weak acid because it _______ dissociates in water. A. HF; completely B. HNO3; slightly C. H2SO4; completely D. HClO; slightly
Answer D
Solubility Rules for Common Ions Ions that are more soluble C2H3O2-, NH4+, ClO3-, ClO2-, CN-, ClO-, ClO4-, MnO4+, NO3-, NO2- Always soluble (No Exceptions) Cl-, Br-, I- Soluble except for compounds with: Ag+, Hg2+, Pb2+ SO42- Soluble except for compounds with: Sr2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Ba2+ Ions that are more Insoluble CO32-, CrO42-, Cr2O72-, PO43- Insoluble except for compounds with: NH4+, an alkali metal cations OH-, S2- Insoluble except for compounds with: NH4+, an alkali metal cations, Sr2+, Ca2+, Ba2+ Using the solubility table, determine what phase sodium bromide would be in.
Aqueous.
In the following REDOX reaction, which atom is being oxidized?
C
Using the figure below that shows the hydration of a salt in water, which of the following would most likely replace X?
Chloride ion.
How is a supersaturated solution made?
Dissolve more than the maximum amount of solute possible in a given amount of water and then increase the temperature to dissolve and cool.
true or false Asphalt has a higher heat capacity than water.
False
true or false From the solubility table, you would write Na2SO4 as Na2SO4 (s).
False
Which of the following states of matter increases solubility with decreased agitation?
Gas
What is the name of the following compound? H2S
Hydrosulfuric acid
What is the name for the compound, Mg(OH)2?
Magnesium hydroxide
Which of the following does not change when you dilute a solution?
Moles of the solute
What type of reaction is the following reaction? NaCl + AgNO3 --> NaNO3 + AgCl
Precipitation reaction
What type of reaction is the following reaction? 2 H2O2 LaTeX: ⟶ 2 H2O + O2
REDOX reaction
What are the products in a neutralization reaction?
Salt + water
Which of the following states of matter increases solubility with increased temperature?
Solid
Which of the following does not change when a blue colored solution is diluted?
The moles of solute.
When potassium bromide is dissolved in water, which part is attracted to the oxygen in water?
The potassium ion.
When NaCl dissolves in water, what is attracted to the oxygen in water?
The sodium ion is attracted to the oxygen in water.
Which of the following is not considered an example of a dilution?
Water evaporating from a cup of chicken stock.
Immiscible
a heterogeneous mixture of two liquids.
Solution
a homogeneous mixture of a solute in a solvent.
pH
a logarithmic scale of hydrogen ions in solution. Stands for 'potential (power) of hydrogen'.
Neutralization reaction
a reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt and water.
Precipitation reaction
a reaction that occurs where two soluble compounds produce a precipitate, or insoluble compound, in water.
REDOX reaction
a reaction where an oxidation and reduction occur.
Miscible
a solution formed from a liquid being dissolved in another liquid.
Saturated Solution
a solution formed from a maximum amount of solute in a certain amount of solvent.
Unsaturated Solution
a solution formed from less than the maximum amount of solute in a certain amount of solvent.
Supersaturated Solution
a solution formed from more than the maximum amount of solute in a certain amount of solvent.
Arrhenius Acid
a substance that dissociates in water to produce H+ ions.
Arrhenius Base
a substance that dissolves in water to produce OH- ions.
Bronsted Lowry Acid
a substance that donates a proton, or H+.
Bronsted-Lowry Base
a substance that gains a proton, or H+.
Aqueous
a substance that is able to dissolve in a solvent.
Soluble
a substance that is able to dissolve in a solvent.
The property of water that allows water molecules to stick to other substances is called
adhesion.
A solution has an [H+] = 4.58 · 10-9 M. This solution is
basic.
The curved meniscus of water in a graduated cylinder can best be attributed to
capillary action.
A strong acid or base
dissociates completely in water.
If a substance is soluble in water, this means that it ______ in water.
dissolves
When a substance can conduct electricity in water, it is called a(n) ____.
electrolyte
When an atom is reduced, it
gains electrons.
The attractive forces that keeps water molecules together and creates surface tension are called
hydrogen bonding
The reason granulated sugar dissolves quicker than a sugar cube is due to granulated sugars
increased surface area
If a solution is considered miscible, then the solute is a...and the solvent is a...
liquid,liquid
When performing a dilution, the concentration of the final solution will always be ____ the original solution.
lower than
What are the units of molarity?
moles/liter
A concentrated solution is a solution where
more solute is dissolved a small amount of solvent.
Dilution
more solvent is added to a solution to decrease the molarity, or concentration.
When oxygen gas is pumped into water to make a solution, oxygen is the
solute.
If a solution has more solute dissolved in the solvent than the solvent can theoretically dissolve, then this solution is said to be
supersaturated.
Oxidation Number
the charge felt by an atom when it is in a compound.
Intermolecular Force
the forces that hold together two compounds.
In a water molecule,
the oxygen end of the molecule is slightly negative and the hydrogen end is slightly positive.
Hydrogen Bond
the strongest intermolecular force between two compounds that have a hydrogen bonded to a nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.
Solute
the substance being dissolved in a solution.
Solvent
the substance doing the dissolving in a solution.
Electronegativity
the tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself when it is in a bond, or compound.
Oxidation
when a substance loses electrons and increases its oxidation number.
