Unit 7 Test

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Structure of Govt from Great Compromise

2 Senates for each state & House of Reps. based on population

Federalists leaders

Alexander Hamilton James Madison John Jay

How is an amendment ratified?

Amendments to the Constitution must be ratified or approved They can be ratified in one of two ways: -By 3/4 of the State legislatures -By conventions in 3/4 of the States

How is an amendment proposed?

An amendment can be proposed two ways: -By Congress by a 2/3 in both houses -At a national convention called by Congress when requested by 2/3 of State legislatures

Supremacy Clause is in

Article VI Section II

Supremacy Clause

Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.

Checks & Balances

Avoids powerful central govt. 3 equal branches -Legislative -Executive -Judicial

13th Amendment (1865)

Banned slavery in the US forever

18th Amendment (1917)

Banned the production & sale of alcohol-Prohibition

Virginia Plan simplified

Based on representation in Congress on each state's population Favored by large states bc it gave them more power

Federalists Region

Citizens in urban Northeast Merchants Property owners

National Powers

Coin money Regulate interstate & foreign trade Raise & maintain armed forces Declare war Govern US territories & admit new states Conduct foreign relations Control immigration Acquire territory Make laws that are "necessary & proper" Determine standards of weight & measure Grant patents & copy rights Lay duties on imports Grant diplomatic recognition Make treaties

Roger Sherman

Connecticut Thinks small states should not be overlooked Proposed Great Compromise

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

Each state has 1 vote in Congress, regardless of size Congress has no power to tax No Executive Branch No national court system Amendments required unanimous vote States printed their own currency

21st Amendment (1933)

Ended Prohibition

executive

Enforces laws

Federalist Foreign Support

England for model & alliance

Federalists Beliefs

Favor ratification Strong central govt. (for strong US) Limited state power

Anti-federalists foreign support

Favored allying w/ France

19th Amendment (1920)

Gave women right to vote

Solutions to Confederation Problems

Great Compromise Congress has power to tax Executive branch led by President Supreme court & federal courts 2/3 congress & 3/4 states National currency

15th Amendment (1870)

Guaranteed former slaves & all male citizens right to vote

judicial

Interprets the laws

George Washington

Led convention as president Was quiet during convention

Concurrent powers

Levy & collect taxes Borrow money Establish courts Define crimes & set punishments Claim private property for public use Establish a police force Set environmental & health standards Protect national borders

legislative

Makes laws

Shay's Rebellion

Many former revolutionary soldiers are now farmers with high debts Daniel Shays leads a group to rebel over owed back pay in Mass. Federal govt. unable to help Local militia raised to put down rebellion Shows that Articles are too weak & new govt. needed

Outcome of the Constitutional Convention

Many state legislatures called for Bill of Rights to be included into Constitution James Madison wrote set of 10 Amendments that would be included immediately after Constitution was ratified These 10 became the Bill of Rights

The Philadelphia Convention

Meets in 1787 State reps. decide to create a new govt. rather than fix Articles

George Mason

Must not forget Bill of Rights

Federal law

National laws are supreme law of land States have power to make laws, but can't contradict federal laws Limits powers of govt to those in Constitution

Alexander Hamilton

New York Wanted a strong central govt.

Ben Franklin

Pennsylvania States must hold more power

3/5th Copromise

Placated the Southern states Counts enslaved as 3/5 of person for state pop.

The informal amendment process

Process through which changes have been made to the Constitution over time without changing the written words of the document Ex: -Congressional legislation(laws) -Presidential (executive) action -Supreme court decisions -Political party practices -Custom

Virginia Plan

Proposed by James Madison Called for legislative branch w/ 2 houses Number of reps is based on each state's population 1 house elected by people & members of house elects members of 2nd house 3 branches of govt: legislative, executive, judicial

New Jersey Plan

Proposed by William Patterson Called for legislature w/ 1 house Each state, regardless of population or size, would send the same # of reps to Congress Small states would have the same amount of votes as larger states

State powers

Regulate trade & business within the State Establish public schools Pass license requirements for professionals Regulate alcoholic beverages Conduct elections Establish local governments License marriage License drivers Set speed limits Exercise those powers not given to the Federal Government & not restricted by the Constitution

New Jersey Plan simplified

Representation in Congress is equal for all states Favored by small states bc it gave them more power

Anti-Federalists regions

Small farmers in the rural South & West

The Great Compromise

Solves debated btwn large & small states Senate-2 per state House of reps-Based on population Bicameral legislature

What is an Amendment?

The Framers knew they could not predict the future or write a perfect document Therefore the Constitution provides a process for amendments to it An amendment is a change or addition to the Constitution's written words

The amendments

There have been 27 amendments to the constitution the 1st 10 are known as the Bill of Rights and were ratified in 1791 The last was in 1992

Anti-federalists leaders

Thomas Jefferson George Mason Samuel Adams

James Madison

Virginia "Father of the Constitution" bc he wrote most of it

Anti-federalists beliefs

Wanted protection of rights Against strong central govt. Favored state power Feared monarchy Wanted local control of govt


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