unit exam 1
Socrates
- ancient Athenian philosopher. As represented in the writings of his disciple Plato, he engaged in dialogue with others in an attempt to reach understanding and ethical concepts by exposing and dispelling error (the Socratic method). Charged with introducing strange gods and corrupting the young, he committed suicide as required -Method of teaching through conversation, in which he asked probing questions to make his listeners examine their most cherished assumptions
Roman Law
- the legal system of ancient Rome, including Roman Military Jurisdiction and the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the 12 Tables (c. 449 BC), to the Corpus Juris Civilis (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman emperor Justinian
Pax Romana
-"Roman Peace" -Two centuries of relative peace and prosperity in the Roman Empire under the early principate begun by Augustus
Gladiators
-(in ancient Rome) a man trained to fight with weapons against other men or wild animals in an arena -Main components in war
Pericles
-Athens political leader during the golden age - Athenian statesman and general. A champion of Athenian democracy, he pursued an imperialist policy and masterminded Athenian strategy in the Peloponnesian War. He commissioned the building of the Parthenon in 447 and presided over the golden age of Athens.
Alexander the Great
-Fourth Century Macedonian king whose conquest of the Persian Empire led to the greatly increased cultural interactions of Greece and the Near East in the Hellenistic Age -conquered and created the Greek empire, it went along side the Mediterranean Sea. When Alexander died Greece was split into 4 sections under 4 rulers. Alexander was also a brave, and skillful war leader, he led every battle and won every battle (so some say)
Code of Hammurabi
-Hammurabi's Empire conquered multiple cities -Code Carved in Stone -Told to rule by God's -Common Culture -a well-preserved Babylonian law code of ancient Mesopotamia, dating back to about 1754 BC (Middle Chronology). It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world. -Eye for and eye principle, supported principles of truth and equity -Written to show god's -Law divided society reflecting a social hierarchy
Paterfamilias
-Male head of the family or household -Have the most power and rights
The Twelve Tables
-The first written Roman law code, enacted between 451 and 449 -The main idea of the Twelve Tables is creation of laws so people can have equality and be passed by the government. - They represented the victory of the common people over the arbitrary rulings of the privileged. They are important because they set the laws in writing so all could know what they were and also that all would be treated equally under those laws.
The Gracchi Brothers
-Tiberius and Gaius, were Roman plebeian nobiles who both served as tribunes in the late 2nd century BCE. -They attempted to pass land reform legislation that would redistribute the major aristocratic landholdings among the urban poor and veterans, in addition to other reform measures. --After achieving some early success, both were assassinated by enemies of these reforms.
Cincinnatus
-a Roman consul (460 BCE) and dictator (458 and 439 BCE), a legendary figure in the early days of the Republic. -In the Roman Republic, the dictator, was an 'extraordinary magistrate ' (magistratus extraordinarius) with the absolute authority to perform tasks beyond the authority of the ordinary magistrate (magistratus ordinarius).
Latifundia
-a very extensive parcel of privately owned land. -latifundia of Roman history were great landed estates specializing in agriculture destined for export: grain, olive oil, or wine. -characteristic of Magna Graecia and Sicily, Egypt, the Greater Maghreb and Hispania Baetica -Mostly worked by slaves
Imperial Rome
1. the lands and peoples subject to the authority of ancient Rome. 2. the imperial form of government established in Rome in 27 B.C., comprising the Principate or Early Empire (27 B.C. - A.D. 284) and the Autocracy or Later Empire (A.D. 284-476)
The following are true regarding the Epic of Gilgamesh EXCEPT
A flood destroys the world because human beings refused to make the correct animal sacrifices to the gods
The following is correct about religion during the period of the ancient Near East: A. Polytheism is belief in many gods B. Monotheism is belief in only a few gods C. Henotheism is an acceptance of many gods, but a belief in the extra authority of three supreme gods D. a & b E. b & c
A. Polytheism is belief in many gods
The tradition of the Hebrews states that they were descendants of the patriarch_____________ who had migrated from Mesopotamia to the land of Israel, the land God gave them
Abraham
In the Iliad:
Achilles fights in pursuit of individual fame and glory extreme anger is a force that consumes Achilles, especially noted in Book 1
Minoan Crete and Ancient Greece
Aegean Bronze Age civilization that arose on the island of Crete and other Aegean islands such as Santorini and flourished from approximately 2600 to 1400 BCE. It was rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century through the work of British archaeologist Arthur Evans. Will Durant referred to it as "the first link in the European chain."
According to our most current scientific understanding, all human beings descended from the first modern humans who first appeared in what area between 200,000 and 100,000 years ago?
Africa
The following is true of the Persian Wars EXCEPT
After the Persian Wars, the Athenians joined up with the Persians to destroy the Spartans, their most formidable enemy
In Aeschylus' play Agamemnon
Agamemnon's father Atreus brings down a curse on his family Agamemnon sacrifices his daughter Iphigenia Agamemnon's wife Clytemnestra murders him partly because he sacrificed their daughter Orestes, the son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, will seek revenge on Clytemnestra for the murder of his father
During the Hellenistic Age, this city became the cultural center of the Mediterranean world. It contained of the greatest libraries of the ancient world.
Alexandria
Architecture
Ancient Roman architecture adopted the external language of classical Greek architecture for the purposes of the ancient Romans, but differed from Greek buildings, becoming a new architectural style. The two styles are often considered one body of classical architecture.
After the period of the Roman Empire, Britain was conquered by the:
Angles and Saxons
The following is the best answer regarding the Iliad
Apollo is upset because Agamemnon took Apollo's priest's daughter as a slave girl Apollo causes the deaths of many Greeks because his priest's daughter has been taken as a war prize for Agamemnon Achilles leaves the field of battle because Agamemnon took his war prize
Islam was birthed in:
Arabia
This civilization was known for its war machines (siege ramps/battering rams) and brutality. They defeated destroyed the Kingdom of Israel in 722 BCE
Assyrians
The following is the best answer regarding Aristophanes' Lysistrata:
Athenian women seize the Athenian treasury Athenian women go on a sex strike It is a protest of the Peloponnesian War
All of the following are true regarding Greek civilization EXCEPT
Athens defeated Sparta in the Peloponnesian War (430-400), bringing its empire to a dramatic end
According to Tacitus:
Augustus brought peace and stability to Rome
The following is the best answer for the civilizations of Mesopotamian and Egypt:
Both were river civilizations
The city state of Sparta: A. was one of the few Greek city states that never participated in slavery B. was a full democracy where everyone had an equal voice, including women C. was known for its military-like environment D. had kings who simply carried out the will of the people E. b & d
C
Hannibal
Carthaginian general and one of the greatest military leaders of the ancient world. A brilliant strategist, he developed tactics of outflanking and surrounding the enemy with the combined forces of infantry and cavalry.
The greatest of the Carolingian kings was:
Charlemagne
The Crusades were caused chiefly by:
Christian's desire to conquer the Holy Land
The Crusades involved war between these two main religions:
Christians and Muslims
The Athenian statesman who established the 10 tribes and who helped lead the common people to political power was:
Cleisthenes
Cleopatra
Cleopatra VII Philopator, known to history as Cleopatra, was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, briefly survived as pharaoh by her son Caesarion. After her reign, Egypt became a province of the recently established Roman Empire.
The first king of the Franks was:
Clovis
Developed by the Sumerians, this is the oldest existing law code
Code of Hammurabi
Regarding ancient Rome:
Correct The head of the family was the father, known as the paterfamilias The Roman army allowed for a policy known as decimation that gave soldiers accused of cowardice and chance to regain their respect Tribunes were defenders of the common people and served for life A crown of gold was awarded to a solider who brought back to his camp the severed head of an enemy commander none of the above
The following are correct about Sophocles' Antigone EXCEPT
Creon commits suicide because his wife and son committed suicide
Regarding the Peloponnesian War: A. Athens' behavior after the Persian Wars led to resentment expressed toward it by other Greek city states B. It was a war chiefly between Athens and Sparta C. Pericles' plan of bringing all Athenians inside the city's walls was a great success D. all the above E. a & b
E
Why were the Jews favorable toward the Persians? A. The Persians helped the Jews conquer Assyria B. The Persians rescued the Jews from the Egyptians C. The Persians allowed the Jews to use their alphabet D. The Persians converted to faith in Yahweh E. The Persians allowed the Jews and other captive peoples to keep their culture and religion
E. The Persians allowed the Jews and other captive peoples to keep their culture and religion
The Assyrians: A. acquired a reputation for peace making B. spoke Aramaic which came to influence other peoples C. established their capital at Nineveh, which was home to a famous library D. all the above E. b & c
E. b & c
The Hebrew book that most challenges the idea of conventional wisdom is
Ecclesiastes
The English king who incorporated Wales & Scotland into his realm was:
Edward I
Which of the following is the BEST answer regarding ancient Egypt
Egypt was ruled by kings known as pharaohs who were expected to rule in accordance with Ma'at In the Hymns to the Pharaoh, a deceased pharaoh is presented as one who actually hadn't died, but had ascended to the heavens Anubis was the god of mummification
Ma'at
Egyptian Goddess embodying truth, justice, and cosmic order. Means "what is right". Ancient Egyptian concept of truth, balance, order, harmony, law, morality, and justice. Maat was also personified as a goddess regulating the stars, seasons, and the actions of both mortals and the deities, who set the order of the universe from chaos at the moment of creation.
The Hundred Years Was was between the countries of:
England and France
Which of the following is the best answer regarding documents associated with Topic one:
Enuma Elish is a Mesopotamian creation story
The oldest known literary work which comes from Mesopotamia. It deals with subjects such as the meaning of life, death, and immortality
Epic of Gilgamesh
T/F: The Crusades were ultimately successful in permanently reacquiring the Holy Land
FALSE
T/F: Throughout the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church typically permitted freely held views, including those critical of the Church
FALSE
The most successful of the Crusades was the:
First
Impact of Christianity on intellectual life of the emerging European civilization? Importance of Saint Augustine to intellectual life? (Possible Essay Question)
First Universitys in history established by religous leaders. Philosophy and theology flourished and historical philosophers and writers emerged. NOT DONE
The 13th century Catholic friar best known for leaving the life of a beggar and encouraging his followers to do the same in the best interest of living a Christ like life was:
Francis
In the Epic of Gilgamesh:
Gilgamesh and Enkidu kill Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven Enkidu has a dream about his death and he later dies Siduri, the wine goddess, tells Gilgamesh to appreciate life for it is short Correct all the above B & C
The following are correct about the Epic of Gilgamesh EXCEPT
Gilgamesh meets the goddess of the vine (Siduri) who tells him to curse the male gods
The period immediately following the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization is referred to as the:
Greek Dark Age
The period after the Peloponnesian War is known as the Hellenistic Period which is when
Greek culture spread throughout the area of the Mediterranean Sea
Which two figures were involved in the Investiture Controversy:
Gregory VII and Henry IV
Philip of Macedon was significant because?
He united the Greeks and planned an invasion of Persia
The following is the best answer regarding Achilles, Hector, and Andromache
Hector does not heed Andromache's wish to stay where it is say and chooses to confront Achilles
The Iliad & the Odyssey were written by
Homer
The following are true regarding the Hebrews and their writings EXCEPT
In the Book of Job God tells Job why he suffered
The following are true regarding your documents EXCEPT:
In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the gods destroy the world with a flood because humans had violated a clearly defined ethical standard established by the gods
The following are correct about the Ancient Near East EXCEPT
Israel's most important legacy was their democratic governmental structure
Ancient Egyptian religion included the following EXCEPT
It embraced a generally pessimistic view of life
The following is the best answer regarding the Book of Genesis :
It shares ideas with other literature of the ancient Near East It has a flood story that is like the flood story in the Epic of Gilgamesh Human problems are linked to man's disobedience in the Garden of Eden
Regarding the Pax Romana:
It was an approximate 200 year period of relative peace & prosperity initiated by Augustus
The following are correct regarding the Parthenon EXCEPT:
Its famous frieze, which runs along the outer wall of the cella, is the opening 25 lines of Book 1 of Homer's Iliad
The French heroine of the Hundred Years War was:
Joan of Arc
Which of the following books of the Hebrew Bible is closest in point of view to the Book of Ecclesiastes:
Job
The following are correct about the Book of Job EXCEPT
Job has a small group of friends who help him argue his case before God
The point of view expressed by the person who wrote Mesopotamian Wisdom Literature is like:
Job, in the Book of Job of the Hebrew Bible
Regarding the last century of the Roman Republic:
Julius Caesar led military campaigns in Gaul that greatly enhanced his popularity
The famous structure said to have been built by Abraham that contains a black stone is known as:
Ka'ba
The Magna Carta resulted from:
King John's ill treatment of his vassals
At the end of the Iliad
King Priam of Troy visits Achilles in his tent Achilles seems to realize the limitations of being human and the consequences of war
Monastic Rule in the Western Empire
Kings hold power in the empire
The Romance languages are those languages that were derived from ________.
Latin
A strong king of France and considered one of that kingdom's most pious kings was
Louis IX
Feudalism was supported by the economic system known as:
Manorialism
Cuneiform may be described as
Mesopotamian symbol writing on clay tablets that took a wedge-shaped form
The earliest civilization in the Greek world was
Minoan
Forerunners of the later Greeks, and are thought to have fought the Trojan War
Mycenaeans
Visigoths
Name given to the barbarians whom Alaric united and led on a military campaign into the western Roman Empire to establish a new kingdom, they sacked Rome in 410
The first Hebrew temple was destroyed by the
Neo-Babylonians (Chaldeans)
In Egyptian mythology, he is considered a god and the judge of the dead. He determined the destiny of human souls.
Osiris
Known as the Old Stone Age, human beings during period learned to control fire and lived as crude hunter gatherers?
Paleolithic
The representative English body consisting of a House of Lords and a House of Commons is known as _____________.
Parliament
Four of these statements are true about the Patricians and the Plebeians. Choose the false statement
Patricians were the elite of Rome Plebeians were the common people The Plebeians struggled with the Patricians for two centuries to gain their rights Correct Plebeians destroyed the Patricians in a long civil war Plebeians had their own elected leaders known as Tribunes
The person most responsible for bringing Christianity to Ireland was:
Patrick
The following are correct about the Odyssey EXCEPT
Penelope shows disloyalty to Odysseus by taking a suitor as her lover
The largest empire of the ancient Near East, stretching from the Mediterranean Sea to it west and India to its east was:
Persia
The greatest international sea traders of the ancient near East and also known as the "Purple People" were the
Phoenicians
The following are true about Greek drama EXCEPT
Plays, because they dealt with such serious material, were not popular with Greek audiences
After the Punic Wars:
Roman territory expanded significantly
The traditional coronation site of French kings was:
Saint Chapelle
Cause of the end of the Roman Republic (Possible Essay Question)
Social and political instability, rapid expansion, and corruption among the rich and poor.
The Greek city-state that was most focused on creating a military focused atmosphere was:
Sparta
The following correctly reflect Israelite history according to the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) EXCEPT:
The Babylonian Captivity occurred before the Exodus from Egypt
Battle of Cannae
The Battle of Cannae was a major battle of the Second Punic War that took place on 2 August 216 BC in Apulia, in southeast Italy. The army of Carthage, under Hannibal, surrounded and decisively defeated a larger army of the Roman Republic under the consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro. It is regarded both as one of the greatest tactical feats in military history and as one of the worst defeats in Roman history.
Athens first significant military victory over the Persians was ________________in 490 BCE
The Battle of Marathon
Which of the following is the BEST answer regarding ancient Egypt
The Book of the Dead was a guidebook to immortality The Nile typically flooded in a predictable and beneficial manner
The following occur in Epic of Gilgamesh EXCEPT
The Bull of Heaven kills both Enkidu and Gilgamesh
Most scholars today believe that these Near Eastern works influenced the Book of Genesis, the first book of the Hebrew Bible.
The Epic of Gilgamesh
Polis
The Greek city-state, an independent community of citizens not ruled by a king
The following are correct about Greek art EXCEPT
The Greeks never reached the anatomical accuracy of the Persians
The following are important religious ideas of the Hebrews EXCEPT
The Hebrews likely began as monotheistic but later became polytheistic
All the following are true regarding the basic concepts of Hebrew religion EXCEPT:
The Hebrews, unlike the people of Mesopotamia, believed that law was a human creation; it had nothing to do with a divine power
The following correctly reflect Israelite history EXCEPT:
The Kingdom of Judah was destroyed before the Exodus from Egypt
The following is correct regarding the Paleolithic or Neolithic ages EXCEPT
The Neolithic Period is the oldest age of human culture
The following are correct about the Book of Jonah EXCEPT
The Ninevites kill Jonah
The following is the best answer regarding the city of Athens
The Parthenon frieze is a long sculpted public exhibition of the annual Panathenaic festival in honor of Athens' significant contribution to the Greek war effort against Persia
The Jews had a favorable view of the Persians because:
The Persians allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem, rebuild the temple, and keep their culture and religion
Regarding the Punic Wars
The Punic Wars consisted of three wars/phases fought by Rome and Carthage, a city in North Africa
Republican Rome
The Roman Republic was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world.
Sermon on the Mount
The Sermon on the Mount is a collection of sayings and teachings of Jesus, which emphasizes his moral teaching found in the Gospel of Matthew. It is the first of the Five Discourses of Matthew and takes place relatively early in the Ministry of Jesus after he has been baptized by John the Baptist and preached in Galilee.
The following are accurate about the Book of Genesis EXCEPT:
The book shares no characteristics with other ancient near eastern stories
Regarding ancient Greece the following are correct EXCEPT:
The earliest civilization was the Minoan on the island of Crete The first philosophical works were produced during the Dark Ages Correct The years after the Persian War is known as the Classical period The tyrant Pisistratus benefited the common Athenians economically Draco established the first law code of Athens
The following were characteristics of ancient Israel EXCEPT:
The god of the Hebrews (Yahweh) awarded them land Correct They are known particularly for writing philosophical writings and ground breaking art They had a law code known as the 10 Commandments Men known as prophets warned of God's punishment if they continued to live unjustly King David established Jerusalem as their capital city
Praetorian Guards
The group of soldiers stationed in Rome under the emperor's control; first formed by Augustus
The following are correct about Mesopotamia EXCEPT:
The people were the first to worship only one god
The following is correct about the Persians
The religion most associated with them is Zoroastrianism
Ma'at refers to:
The spirit of order, justice, and truth that permeated Egyptian society
The famous battle during the Persian War where 300 Spartans fought to the death which allowed the Athenians to abandoned their city was:
Thermopylae
Which of the following statement best describes the Mycenaeans:
They were a warrior people on the Greek mainland who thrived between 1400 & 1200 BCE
Influence of the Iliad Stoicism
This work was considered a historical tale of their ancestors because it was written about the tenth year of the Trojan war and this rooted their sense of unity and culture. The main character of this epic poem is Achilles and for the Greeks, he represented all the manly virtues of strength, bravery, military skills, pride, and honor. This epic was key for it became the role model for all Greek men of the time and for many generations afterwards.
The institution in Paris considered one of the most prestigious in all of Europe was
University of Paris
The ___________ sacked Rome in the year 410.
Visigoths
The Domesday Book was a list of resources available to King ______________ of England
William I
The central, sacred text of Zoroastrianism is the
Zend Avesta
The center of every Sumerian town contained a stepped worship structure know as:
Ziggurat
Most scholars believe that the world's three great monotheistic faiths: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, have been influenced by:
Zorastrianism
Julius Caesar
a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. He is also known as a notable author of Latin prose.
Sparta
a city in the southern Peloponnese in Greece, capital of the department of Laconia; population 14,400 (est. 2009). It was a powerful city state in the 5th century bc and defeated its rival Athens in the Peloponnesian War to become the leading city of Greece.
Huns
a member of a warlike Asiatic nomadic people who ravaged Europe in the 4th-5th centuries. a reckless or uncivilized destroyer.
The physical environment of Mesopotamia generally led to:
a pessimistic outlook with an emphasis on satisfying their hard to please deities
The church taught that purgatory was:
a place where the soul was purified through punishment before admission to heaven
Regarding the Aeneid: a) Aeneas' father Anchises instructs Aeneas to stay in Carthage where he will be safe b) Juno helps Aeneas found Rome so Rome will be able to defeat its enemy Carthage c) Aeneas searches for his father in the underworld but never finds him d) Aeneas learns that Rome's gift to the world is its philosophical and artistic legacy
a) Aeneas' father Anchises instructs Aeneas to stay in Carthage where he will be safe
According to the Cathars: a) God is pure spirit b) the material world is evil c) Jesus came to earth in the flesh d) all the above e) A & B
a) God is pure spirit
The following are correct regarding the philosopher Plato EXCEPT: a) He thought democracy was the best form of government b) He embraced the idea of philosopher-kings c) He taught the Forms, in which the physical world is a shadow of a real, invisible one d) He wrote a story about people in a cave to illustrate the philosophical life e) He was a student of Socrates, and a teacher/mentor to Aristotle
a) He thought democracy was the best form of government
The following associations are correct EXCEPT: a) King John of England -- one of the most respected English kings b) Philip IV of France -- had Pope Boniface arrested c) Avignon -- the French city that became the seat of the papacy during the "Babylonian Captivity" d) Pope Urban II -- called for the first Crusade
a) King John of England -- one of the most respected English kings
The following are true to the teachings of Islam EXCEPT a) The Christian Bible and Quran are equally authoritative books b) There is no God but God (Allah) c) Shia and Sunni Muslims disagree as to the proper succession of leadership after the death of Muhammad d) A Muslim is one who submits to the will of Allah (God) e) Muslims are supposed to pray five times a day facing the Ka'ba in the holy city of Mecca
a) The Christian Bible and Quran are equally authoritative books
Regarding ancient Rome: a) The head of the family was the father, known as the paterfamilias b) The Roman army allowed for a policy known as decimation that gave soldiers accused of cowardice and chance to regain their respect c) Tribunes were defenders of the common people and served for life d) A crown of gold was awarded to a solider who brought back to his camp the severed head of an enemy commander e) none of the above
a) The head of the family was the father, known as the paterfamilias
Regarding the Punic Wars: a) They consisted of three periods of warfare fought between Rome and Carthage, a city founded by the Phoenicians b) The second phase included the Carthaginian commander Hannibal's invasion of Italy and ultimate defeat at the hands of the Roman army at the Battle of Cannae c) In the Second Punic War, the Carthaginian commander Hannibal's greatest victory was over the Roman commander Scipio Africanus at the Battle of Zama d) all the above e) B & C
a) They consisted of three periods of warfare fought between Rome and Carthage, a city founded by the Phoenicians
The following were important Greek contributions to Western Civilization EXCEPT: a) monotheism b) Olympics c) tragedies and comedies d) writing of history e) mythology
a) monotheism
Feudalism: a) was a political and social system based on land ownership b) included serfs who ruled equally with nobles c) allowed for social mobility between social classes d) all the above e) b & c
a) was a political and social system based on land ownership
The Dream of Scipio: a) was written by the Roman Cicero b) supports the view that most Romans believed that the pathway to heaven involved only having faith in the Roman gods c) features Julius Caesar instructing Mark Anthony on how to properly command an army d) all the above e) A & C
a) was written by the Roman Cicero
Teutoburg Forest
an alliance of Germanic tribes ambushed and decisively destroyed three Roman legions and their auxiliaries, led by Publius Quinctilius Varus. The alliance was led by Arminius, a Germanic officer of Varus' auxilia. Arminius had acquired Roman citizenship and had received a Roman military education, which enabled him to deceive the Roman commander methodically and anticipate the Roman army's tactical responses.
The Book of Kells and the Lindisfarne Gospels:
are beautiful illustrated works that combined gospel text with intricate artistic designs
The Athenian Greek tyrants Solon and Pisistratus
are considered Greek reformers who took the side of the common people versus the elite
The following are correct about Roman civilization EXCEPT: a) Rome's success can be attributed, at least in part, to its system of alliances b) Rome's unexpected defeat at the hands of Carthage was significant in beginning Rome's ultimate downfall c) Octavian was Julius Caesar's adopted heir d) In Scipio's Dream, as told by Cicero in his On the Republic, Scipio's grandfather tells him that the true Roman is one who is willing to defend his homeland and who follows the ways of the ancestors
b) Rome's unexpected defeat at the hands of Carthage was significant in beginning Rome's ultimate downfall
Regarding your first unit of study: a) The Greeks are best known for their commitment to monotheism b) The idea of treating all kinds of people, including the poor, is an important idea within Hebrew religion c) The Assyrians are best remembered for their liberal governmental policies to those whom they defeated in war d) Only the Romans developed written law e) The Iliad is a famous Egyptian war poem that celebrates their defeat of the Hyksos which inaugurated the period of the New Kingdom
b) The idea of treating all kinds of people, including the poor, is an important idea within Hebrew religion
The following were characteristics of ancient Israel EXCEPT: a) The god of the Hebrews (Yahweh) awarded them land b) They are known particularly for writing philosophical writings and ground breaking art c) They had a law code known as the 10 Commandments d) Men known as prophets warned of God's punishment if they continued to live unjustly e) King David established Jerusalem as their capital city
b) They are known particularly for writing philosophical writings and ground breaking art
The guild system of medieval European cities did all the following EXCEPT: a) enforce standards and methods of production for various articles b) discouraged the use of apprenticeships for training new workers c) fixed prices at which finished goods could be sold d) controlled the number of people who could enter a certain industry over which the guild had control
b) discouraged the use of apprenticeships for training new workers
The following reflect the traditional / orthodox Hebrew view of rewards and punishments EXCEPT: a) supported by the prophets b) supported most clearly by the Book of Job c) supported by the Book of Proverbs d) is connected to living as God instructed e) supported by the Book of Genesis
b) supported most clearly by the Book of Job
An important precedent for the Pope exerting authority over secular rulers was: a) words of Jesus to St. Peter b) the crowing of Charlemagne the Holy Roman Empire in the year 800 c) the letters of St. Paul d) A & C
b) the crowing of Charlemagne the Holy Roman Empire in the year 800
Tiberius Gracchus: a) mistrusted the voice of the common people b) was elected Tribune and attempted to pass a land reform bill to the benefit of many average Romans who had lost their farms in the years after the Punic Wars c) was assassinated by a family member who felt Tiberius had mistreated him d) all the above e) B & C
b) was elected Tribune and attempted to pass a land reform bill to the benefit of many average Romans who had lost their farms in the years after the Punic Wars
Ancient Egyptians:
believed in many gods, including Isis, the wife of Osiris embraced the idea of immortality were ruled by powerful divine rulers known as pharaohs
Mesopotamia and Egypt
both had stories that revealed that religion was an important element in life
The Greek Parthenon
built after the Persian wars, is considered the greatest example of classical Greek temple architecture
Regarding Alexander the Great: a) He was involved in the assassination of his father Philip b) He ultimately failed to conquer the Persian Empire c) He inaugurated the Hellenistic Period d) His legacy would be democratic government e) He was highly disrespectful of Greek culture
c) He inaugurated the Hellenistic Period
the following are correct about Boudica EXCEPT: a)She led her Britain Iceni tribe in in a military uprising against the Romans b) She was beaten and her two daughters raped after she refused to acknowledge Rome's dominion over her lands and people c) Her husband Prasutagus led a secret plot to overthrow her d) The Romans defeated her and her tribe at the Battle of Watling Street
c) Her husband Prasutagus led a secret plot to overthrow her
The following are correct regarding Islam EXCEPT: a) Muhammad is the final prophet of God b) The Koran is its most holy writing c) Islam was not influenced by either Judaism or Christianity d) Islam means submission
c) Islam was not influenced by either Judaism or Christianity
Regarding the Estates General in France: a) The first estate consisted of the common people b) The third estate was the nobility c) It became an advisory body to the French King d) A & C
c) It became an advisory body to the French King
The following is INCORRECT regarding the Aeneid: a) It was written by Virgil b) It was influenced by the Iliad and the Odyssey c) It places more emphasis on personal happiness than pursing a cause outside of oneself d) Aeneas falls in love with Dido, the queen of Carthage
c) It places more emphasis on personal happiness than pursing a cause outside of oneself
Regarding the Hellenistic period: a) It preceded the classical Greek period b) It was a high point of democratic government c) Philosophical changes occurred including Stoicism which taught that life was connected to the Logos d) More people became suspicious of the mystery religions e) A & D
c) Philosophical changes occurred including Stoicism which taught that life was connected to the Logos
Regarding your sources from the Roman Empire: a) In the story of the good Samaritan, Jesus approves of the actions of the priest and the levite b)The Gospel of Matthew features Jesus repudiating the Jewish law c) The Aeneid celebrates Roman civilization as a positive development for mankind d) The Gospel of John present s Jesus only as a devoted follower of God, not the divine Son of God
c) The Aeneid celebrates Roman civilization as a positive development for mankind
The following are correct about Islam and its beliefs EXCEPT: a) Muhammad is the final prophet of God (Allah) b) Muhammad was from the city of Mecca, in the Arabian peninsula c) The Hijra was when Muhammad left Mecca for Constantinople d) Jesus is considered a great prophet, and many Muslims believe in his eventual return to earth
c) The Hijra was when Muhammad left Mecca for Constantinople
Regarding ancient Greece the following are correct EXCEPT: a) The earliest civilization was the Minoan on the island of Crete b)The first philosophical works were produced during the Dark Ages c) The years after the Persian War is known as the Classical period d) The tyrant Pisistratus benefited the common Athenians economically e) Draco established the first law code of Athens
c) The years after the Persian War is known as the Classical period
The emperor Constantine: a) followed the traditional Romans gods and the Christian god equally b) had his soldiers fight under a pagan symbol c) defeated Maxientius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge and credited the Christian god for his victory d) all the above e) A & B
c) defeated Maxientius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge and credited the Christian god for his victory
Henry II of England increased royal authority by: a) defeating Philip II of France at the Battle of Hastings b) seizing land of his vassals c) having his officials make regular visits to shires to enforce royal law d) none of the above
c) having his officials make regular visits to shires to enforce royal law
Greek tragedy is rooted in
celebrations of Dionysus, the god of wine and ecstasy
The Sacraments:
consisted of seven acts in which God's grace was channeled to believers
Regarding the Christian New Testament: a) there are Christian writings, such as the Gnostic Gospels, which are not included b) it contains four gospels, selected biographies of the life of Jesus and his teachings c) It contains several letters of Paul, who argued that one needed to be Jewish to be a follower of Jesus d) A & B
d) A & B
Regarding the Roman Empire, the following are correct EXCEPT: a) Marcus Aurelius was the last of the Five Good Emperors and wrote a work of Stoic philosophy called Meditations b) Trajan's column was built in honor of Trajan's conquest of Dacia c) Hadrian was responsible for an approximate 70 mile across northern Britain and the Pantheon, the famous temple to the Roman gods d) Emperor Nero ruled during the period of the Pax Romana; he was quite popular with the people of Rome, especially Christians with whom he frequently worshipped
d) Emperor Nero ruled during the period of the Pax Romana; he was quite popular with the people of Rome, especially Christians with whom he frequently worshipped
The following associations are correct EXCEPT: a) King John of England -- signed the Magna Carta b) Gregory VII -- monastery at Cluny c) St. Francis of Assisi -- dedicated his life to the service of God and his fellow human beings d) Philip II (Augustus) -- began England"s Parliamentary tradition
d) Philip II (Augustus) -- began England"s Parliamentary tradition
Four of these statements are true about the Patricians and the Plebeians. Choose the false statement: a) Patricians were the elite of Rome b) Plebeians were the common people c) The Plebeians struggled with the Patricians for two centuries to gain their rights d) Plebeians destroyed the Patricians in a long civil war e) Plebeians had their own elected leaders known as Tribunes
d) Plebeians destroyed the Patricians in a long civil war
The following are correct about the political development of England in the 9th -- 11th centuries EXCEPT: a) The first Anglo-Saxon king was Alfred the Great b) The death of Edward the Confessor in 1066 brought about a succession crisis c) Harold Godwinson fought William, the Duke of Normandy for control over England d) The Battle of Hastings, won by Harold Godwinson, influenced the future political relationship between France and England e) The Bayeux Tapestry is a famous art piece that tells the story of the Battle of Hastings
d) The Battle of Hastings, won by Harold Godwinson, influenced the future political relationship between France and England
Regarding the Hundred Years' War: a) Joan of Arc led the French to a great victory over the English at Orleans b) Joan of Arc claimed to have had visions that would led her to led the French in war against the English c) Joan of Arc was burned at the stake d) all of the above e) A & B
d) all of the above
A key to the growth of Christianity was: a) Christians tended to treat each other equally b) Jesus was believed to have suffered in which many people could identify c)Christians supported each other d) all the above
d) all the above
In the Epic of Gilgamesh: a) Gilgamesh and Enkidu kill Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven b) Enkidu has a dream about his death and he later dies c) Siduri, the wine goddess, tells Gilgamesh to appreciate life for it is short d) all the above e) B & C
d) all the above
Regarding Church/State during the Middle Ages: a) Pope Boniface opposed Philip IV's attempt to raise taxes b) Thomas Becket refused King Henry II's desire to try church officials in state courts c) Henry IV and Gregory VII spared over who had the right to invest offices d) all the above e) B & C
d) all the above
Regarding Islam: a)the word Islam means submission b) a Muslim is one who submits to the will of Allah c) The Koran includes material regarding Jesus d) all the above e) A & C
d) all the above
Regarding Jesus: a) Jesus, as told in the gospel of Matthew, came to fulfill the Jewish law not to abolish it b) there are other gospels such as the Gospel of Thomas that contain the sayings of Jesus c) Jesus taught in parables such as the Parable of the Good Samaritan d) all the above e) A & C
d) all the above
Regarding Justinian: a) He is prominently featured in the Church of San Vitale In Ravenna b) He sponsored the construction of the Hagia Sophia c) His armies temporarily reconquered portions of the old Roman Empire d) all the above e) b & c
d) all the above
Regarding ancient Egypt: a) The king was known as the pharaoh b) Based on the evidence, the Egyptians embraced the idea of an afterlife c) Isis was the wife of Osiris who brought her husband back to life d) all the above e) A & C
d) all the above
Regarding the Council of Nicaea of the year 325 a) It was a meeting, called by emperor Constantine, of church leaders from all over the Roman empire b) It illustrates the gradual emergence of Christian orthodoxy c) It established the theological doctrine of the Trinity d) all the above
d) all the above
Regarding the development of Roman civilization: a) Rome was originally built along the Tiber River on and around seven hills b) Politically speaking, Rome was a republic before it became an empire c) Governmental officers other than senators served only one year terms d) all the above e) B & C
d) all the above
Rome's problems beginning in the third century: a) included the lack of lands and resources to conquer b) included the heavy handed polices of Roman emperors c) included a devaluation of the currency d) all the above e) A & C
d) all the above
The Catholic Church amassed a lot of wealth due to: a) Peter's Pence b)indulgences c) church offices d) all the above e) B & C
d) all the above
The Roman emperor Octavian: a) was Rome's first emperor b) professionalized the Roman army c) was also known as Augustus d) all the above e) a & c
d) all the above
Viking raids were often targeted against monasteries because: a) they were poorly defended b) Monks were prayer warriors not fighting warriors c) monasteries usually contained a lot of wealth d) all the above e) A & B
d) all the above
The story of Cincinattus: a) is historically accurate b) presents Rome as a conquering and ruthless city c) features Cincinattus who leaves his farm, saves Rome from defeat, and becomes King d) features Cincinattus, who after defeating an attacking tribe, returns to his farm as an ordinary citizen e) A & C
d) features Cincinattus, who after defeating an attacking tribe, returns to his farm as an ordinary citizen
The beginning of civilization included all the following EXCEPT
democratic governments
Neolithic life included the following EXCEPT
democratically elected leaders
Diocletian's chief political reform was:
dividing it into four parts
Regarding the Magna Carta: a) King John of England signed it b) it established the principal that the king is not above the law. c) it established that the king is answerable only to God d) all the above e) A & B
e) A & B
Regarding the attributes of the species Homo Sapiens: a) large brains b) use of fire c) cooperation & planning d) all the above e) A & B
e) A & B
Regarding religion: a) Romans were not very religious b) The chief priest of Roman religious practices was the Pontifex Maximus c) Rome was the first monotheistic civilization d) People honored their traditional gods, but also worshiped and honored more private oriented deities e) B & D
e) B & D
The following are correct about the Greek philosopher Aristotle EXCEPT: a) He believed in the Forms , but also argued that one could not separate them from the physical world b) He was a student of Plato c) He was the first to classify living things d) He wrote that humans needed to locate the mean, the midpoint between two extremes e) He most emphasized the death of the gods
e) He most emphasized the death of the gods
The following are correct about Mesopotamia EXCEPT: a) City-states were the first government units b) Cuneiform was the pictographic writing c) The people worshiped many gods d) Mesopotamian kings ruled through divine power e) The people were the first to worship only one god
e) The people were the first to worship only one god
Marcus Aurelius: a) was a Stoic philosopher b) was one of the Five Good Emperors c) was the first emperor to convert to Christianity d) all the above e) a & b
e) a & b
Regarding religion, Diocletian: a) was devoted to the traditional Roman gods b) persecuted Christians c) was devoted to the Roman gods, but was very tolerant of most Christians d) none of the above e) a & b
e) a & b
The Pax Romana refers to: a) the first 200 years of the Roman Empire b) a time and relative peace and prosperity of the Roman Empire c) the later years of the Roman Republic d) a time of intense problems for Rome e) a & b
e) a & b
Romanization included: a) the use of the Roman army b) forcing provincials to follow all Roman religious practices c) negotiating and making allies of foreign peoples d) a & b e) a & c
e) a & c
The period of the Pax Romana a) was essentially the first 200 years of the Roman Empire b) was begun by Octavian, also known as Augustus c) included the emperor Hadrian, who built Hadrian's Wall across northern England and the Pantheon, the temple to all the Roman gods d) included the emperor Trajan, who defeated the Dacians, and was honored by a large column known as Trajan's column e) all the above
e) all the above
In regards to Christian orthodoxy: a) it included the beliefs of Arian Christians b) it included the doctrine of the Trinity c) it involved such documents as the Nicene Creed d) all the above e) b & c
e) b & c
The following are characteristics of the Paleolithic Age EXCEPT
farming
Hammurabi's Code
features the Babylonian King Hammurabi who receives the law from the god Shamash embraces the legal principle of "eye for an eye" justice with exceptions
The play Lysistrata
features women who challenge the authority of men
The abbey of Cluny:
focused on reforming the Catholic Church
The Hebrew Bible
focuses on the basic theme of the covenant, that the Jews would be blessed through their allegiance to the law
Greek history writing
focuses on the human element in the making of history emphasizes universal themes is best represented by Herodotus and Thucydides
Henotheism refers to
following one god while acknowledging the existence of other gods
Mesopotamian governments
had kings that ruled with the support of the gods
Ancient Mesopotamia
had rivers that often flooded violently and unpredictably had temples known as ziggurats that served as temples to the gods was the home of people who were polytheistic and who seem to have had a difficult relationship with their gods
Ancient Egypt:
had the Nile River which flooded more predictably than did the Tigris and Euphrates rivers of Mesopotamia experienced fewer invasions than did Mesopotamia due, in part, to the protection of its deserts was religiously orientated, partly evidenced by the practice of mummification
In the Neolithic Age
humans transitioned from a hunting & gathering lifestyle to one focused on agriculture villages appeared advancing technology and the domestication of plants and animals appeared
The Cathars (Albigensians) believed:
in a dualism between good spiritual things and evil material ones
The Persian Wars
included Athens' victory over the Persians at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE included Greek warships called Triremes, which carried Athens to victory in the Battle of Salamis in 479 BCE included a final stand of 300 Spartan Hoplites at the Battle of Thermopylae
Mesopotamian religious practices
included stores about the actions of the gods was connected to kingship and laws was focused on pleasing the gods involved temples known as Ziggurats
Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War
includes a speech by Pericles in which he praises Athens
The Battle of Kadesh in 1276 BCE:
initiated the gradual decline of the Hittites and Egyptians
The action of the medieval church that closed churches in a region or a realm and that forbade the clergy from administering the sacraments to the population was:
interdict
The Investiture Controversy:
involved a struggle between the Pope & the Holy Roman Emperor over the selection of bishops and their proper functions
Enuma Elish
is a creation account from ancient Mesopotamia includes the god Marduk who defeats Tiamat and uses part of her body to become the sky
Greek Tragedy as an art form
is an attempt of the playwright to offer insights & perspectives on the human condition often involves a person who makes bad decisions, though often unwittingly often involves a person who, after bad decisions, experiences some form of redemption
The Parthenon
is in Athens was built after the Persian Wars to honor Athena, the patron goddess Athena included an approximate 40 ft statue of Athena
In Sparta
life resembled that of a military camp
The Magna Carta of 1215:
limited the power of the English king
The Paleolithic Age was an age in which humans
lived a hunting and gathering existence
The beginning of civilization
occurred around 5,000 years ago in an area of the world known as the Ancient Near East, including places like Egypt and Mesopotamia relates to a stable food source made possible by river flooding relates to a number of characteristics such as organized religious belief, writing, division of labor, etc.
The Greek military innovation that other civilizations used for centuries is known as the:
phalanx
The worship of many gods is known as ____________.
polytheism
Ancient Mesopotamia
produced a civilization that had rivers that flooded in unpredictable and often violent ways produced a flood story that appears in the Epic of Gilgamesh
Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095:
promised remissions of sins for joining the crusades to recapture the Holy Land
The book of Amos
reflects conventional wisdom, in that essentially one "reaps what one sows" served as a warning to Jews who treated people unjustly would have influence on future events in the history of Western Civilization
Hammurabi's Code
reveals that the king Hammurabi was selected by the gods to present laws to his people embraces a kind of "eye for an eye" justice, at least pertaining to people of the same social class embraces a view that men and women were not equal before the law, especially in sexual matters
Significant theme or themes from Antigone is/are
rights of the state v that of the individual the role of women secular v religious law
The earliest civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and India all began near this natural landmark.
rivers
Rome in the 3rd century:
saw many emperors rise and fall
Lay "investiture" refers to the process by which:
secular lords took a decisive role in choosing candidates for church offices
The five pillars of Islam include the following EXCEPT:
share your wealth with Christians and Jews
According to the account of the 3rd century emperor Maximinus, Herodian:
states that Maximinus enriched himself at the expense of the Roman people
Zoroastrianism:
stressed the free will and power of humans to choose between good and evil
A important theme from Herodotus is
that free people fight more effectively than those who are not free
The Byzantine Alexis I was defeated by an Islamic army at:
the Battle of Manzikert
The hoplite phalanx was
the Greek military formation of heavily armed soldiers
The Exodus in the Hebrew Bible refers to
the Hebrew's flight from Egypt under the guidance of Moses
Linear A, which has never been translated, was the product of:
the Minoans
The growth of Athenian democracy is influenced by
the Olympic games the rise of the Athenian hoplites the actions of the tyrants
According to Egyptian religious belief, the pharaoh's authority came from:
the belief that he was a god and a guarantor of Ma'at
Society
the community of people living in a particular country or region and having shared customs, laws, and organizations.
In Sparta
the council of ephors, men over age 60 and its two kings voted on laws proposed by the assembly of citizens
In its early years, Athens was controlled by
the nobility
The Middle Ages is considered:
the period between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance
A key theme of the play Agamemnon is
the problems associated with revenge
Christianity
the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices.
For the Greeks, the term arête described the
the striving for excellence
The Vikings successful raids were largely due to:
their primary mode of transportation, the Longship
Hebrew religion
was an ethical religion centered around following God's law
Zoroastrianism
was founded on the teachings of Zoroaster, also known as Zarathustra embraced a view of cosmic evil that many scholars believe influenced Hebrew belief
Paul
was responsible in helping Christianity to become largely a Gentile movement
Ancient Egypt
was ruled by pharaohs who were thought to be a god was a land which its chief transportation artery was the Nile river had deserts on either side of the Nile which served as natural barriers against potential invaders
The civilization of Minoan Crete:
was skilled in art and architecture, visible in fresco paintings and great palaces
Cyrus the Great
was the Persian ruler who is credited with conquering the Neo-Babylonians allowed the Hebrews to return to Jerusalem
The Valley of the Kings
was the burial location of New Kingdom pharaohs, including the pharaoh Tutankhamun
King Nebuchadnezzar
was the famous king of the Neo-Babylonians with his great palace at Babylon along with its marvelous Ishtar Gate and Hanging Gardens
Decline and end of Roman Western Empire
was the process of decline in the Western Roman Empire in which it failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided into several successor polities.
Clericis Laicos:
was the threat of excommunication issued by Pope Boniface
The Melian Dialogue:
was written by the Greek historian Thucydides presents Athens that wanted to expand its empire while Melos wished to remain independent shows that governments tend to do what is in their power to do, "might makes right"
Augustine's City of God
was written in response to the sack of Rome in 410
The tyrants in 7th & 6th century BCE Athens
were responsible for giving common Athenians more economic and political power
Herodotus
wrote History of the Persian Wars believed that the pivotal moment of the Persian War was Croesus of Lydia's decision to attack Persia
Neolithic Revolution produces the Early Civilizations in the Middle East
-People found a way to cocntinuously use the wild grains to produce harvest year after year -Woman played the role in farming while men hunted -Learned the domestication of animals -Called this "The farming pack-age" which created the Neolithic Revolution -Produced permanent settlement and food surplus -Some were pastoralists (herders moving to find grazing land for animals) or farmers residing in the settled location -Immigrants/traders of fertile crescent helped spread knowledge of domestication and agriculture as far as Europe shores -Neolithic people practiced architecture, arts, crafts, metal work, textile production and trade -Hierarchy grew b/c of the need of people to look after things and supervise also b/c of more economic activity -Men became most powerful while woman and children stayed home making milk, yogurt, cheese and clothing
The earliest civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and India all began near this natural landmark.
Rivers
After the Punic Wars
Roman territory expanded significantly
Regarding religion:
Romans were not very religious The chief priest of Roman religious practices was the Pontifex Maximus Rome was the first monotheistic civilizaiton People honored their traditional gods, but also worshiped and honored more private oriented deities Correct B & D
The following are correct about Roman civilization EXCEPT A. Roman government included tribunes who stood for the rights of the plebeians B. The patron-client system was a mutually beneficial system for both patrons and their clients C. The Romans were generally a conservative people in which the paterfamilias controlled his family D. Rome was a successful military power, but often acted with generosity toward the defeated which gave them many allies E. Rome did not have a written legal system
Rome did not have a written legal system
Regarding the development of Roman civilization
Rome was originally built along the Tiber River on and around seven hills Politically speaking, it was a republic before it became an empire ruled by an emperor There developed a conflict between Patricians and Plebeians that resulted in Patrician concessions
Regarding the development of Roman civilization:
Rome was originally built along the Tiber River on and around seven hills Politically speaking, Rome was a republic before it became an empire Governmental officers other than senators served only one year terms Correct all the above B & C
Peloponnesian War
an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. In the first phase, the Archidamian War,
A complex culture that involves scores of people sharing common elements such as government, a military structure, religion, writing, and urban centers.
civilization
The story of Cincinattus:
features Cincinattus, who after defeating an attacking tribe, returns to his farm as an ordinary citizen
Hellenistic philosophy
included Epicureanism which essentially was about minimizing pain included Cynicism which essentially embraced owning little to nothing and rejecting societal expectations & norms
Regarding the attributes of the species Homo Sapiens:
large brains use of fire cooperation & planning all the above Correct A & B
The following were important Greek contributions to Western Civilization EXCEPT:
monotheism
Tiberius Gracchus
pursued a land reform plan to benefit poor land-less Romans
In the Hellenistic Period
science became an important endeavor represented by such individuals as Eratosthenes who calculated the circumference of the Earth with good accuracy
The following reflect the traditional / orthodox Hebrew view of rewards and punishments EXCEPT:
supported most clearly by the Book of Job
The political body that most heavily influenced law making but did not actually make laws was:
the Senate
According to the Sophists A. human beings create standards of right and wrong B. the gods give humans laws to follow C. the physical world is an imperfect reflection of an invisible permanent world D. forms exist without matter E. none of the above
A
These following are contributions of the Greeks to Western Civilization EXCEPT A. monotheism B. the Olympics C. Tragedies (plays) D. science E. mythology
A
How Greek Society was structured
-Made of independent states called Polis or city-states -Free People and slaves -Hierarchy
Organization of Athenian democratic system. What ways was Athenian democracy similar to American Democracy? Different? (Possible Essay Question)
-They had a direct democracy in which all citizens could vote, which is different than our representative democracy. although only a small fraction of the population was citizens so in this way it was similar because only a small fraction of our population has direct votes in governmental decisions. The US is technically a Replublic, not a democracy (but dont tell the people that), where as Athens was a true democracy - citizenship became constrained to those born in Athens to oldsters the two one in each of whom had to be voters. This meant that as quickly as the Golden Age below Pericles occurred interior the 5th century B.C. very few citizens of Athens have been voters. the consequence became that as quickly as they accrued to communicate and to vote it wasn't very crowded. If one considers a democracy to be a central authority wherein all citizens debate and vote on all matters of subject to the folk democracy has in no way existed interior the genuine international at any time in human historical past.
A woman's place was?
-To stay home and gather fruits or seeds as well as make food such as milk or cheese as well as take care of children -Had little rights but still had some
The Punic Wars
-series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage -main cause of the Punic Wars was the conflicts of interest between the existing Carthaginian Empire and the expanding Roman Republic. The Romans were initially interested in expansion via Sicily (which at that time was a cultural melting pot), part of which lay under Carthaginian control.
This set of laws served as the foundation for Roman law.
12 Tables
Known as the "heretic king," this Egyptian King outlawed Egypt's traditional religions, embracing instead the Aton:
Akhenaten
Regarding the Persian Wars: A. The Spartans won a great victory at Thermopylae B. Athenian triremes defeated the Persian navy at the Battle of Salamis C. The Persians defeated the Athenians at the Battle of Marathon D. The conflict resulted from an Athenian attempt to make Persia democratic E. a & d
B
Socrates A. is considered the father of Greek democracy B. is known for the Socratic Method C. was acquitted of charges of corrupting the youth & challenging a belief in the gods D. agreed with the Sophists E. wrote a famous play about the Peloponnesian War
B
The Assyrian King Ashurbanipal was significant to the understanding of the Ancient Near East because: A. He created the idea of monotheism B. He built the first ziggurats C. He had one of the first ancient library which contained many Near Eastern works D. He translated the Hebrew Bible into Aramaic E. He created cuneiform
C. He had one of the first ancient library which contained many Near Eastern works
Zoroastrianism is considered the first dualistic religion. What does this mean? A. There multiple gods who exist and are at war with each other B. There is a good and an evil force in the world, and they are at war C. It has a belief in three gods of equal power D. It has two books that are considered sacred E. It states that there are two doors that lead to heaven
B. There is a good and an evil force in the world, and they are at war
The following are accurate statements about Alexander the Great and his times EXCEPT A. Alexander died at the age of 32, soon after conquering the Persian Empire B. After Alexander's death his empire divided into a few kingdoms including the Seleucid and Ptolemaic C. It is clear from the evidence that Alexander was a poor military commander D. The Hellenistic period included the new city of Alexandria, the home of the Museum "Temple of the Muses" E. Alexander was the son of the Philip II of Macedonia and was educated by the philosopher Aristotle
C. It is clear from the evidence that Alexander was a poor military commander
The following are correct about Greek philosophy EXCEPT: A. Philosophy means the love of wisdom B. the earliest thinkers directed their attention to explaining the workings of nature C. Plato, considered the father of science, promoted the idea that observation leads to conclusions D. Thales supported the idea that water is the basic substance of life E. Pythagoras supported the view that all connections in life are essentially mathematical relationships
C
The following are correct about King Nebuchadnezzar EXCEPT: A. He was the famous king of the Chaldeans (Neo-Babylonians) B. Tradition has it that he was responsible for building the famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon C. He destroyed the northern kingdom of Israel D. His empire began to decline after he died E. He destroyed the southern kingdom of Israel
C. He destroyed the northern kingdom of Israel
About the Archaic Age A. It followed the Dark Age B. Tyrants ruled Athens prior to the development of democracy C. Cleisthenes was instrumental in the development of Athenian democracy D. all the above E. a & c
D
In the Golden Age of Greece: A. Oedipus the King, one of the best known of Greek tragedies, was written B. Comedy was often used to make political points such as opposition to the Peloponnesian War C. the writing of history is seen to have been a major accomplishment D. all the above E. b & c
D
The following are correct about the Minoan or Mycenaean civilizations EXCEPT A. The Minoans had a unrecognized language known as Linear A B. The Mycenaeans were forerunners of the Greeks and fought the Trojan War C. The palace of the Minoan King Minos was at Knossos D. The Minoans were a warlike civilization and sealed themselves off from trading with others E. The Minoans had a story of the Minotaur
D
According to Israelite scholars: A. The Israelites were likely indigenous to the land of Canaan B. The city of Jericho was not inhabited at the time the Israelites supposedly destroyed it C. The Israelites were likely henotheists before they became monotheists D. all the above E. a & b
D. all of the above
The Phoenicians: A. were prominent mostly in northern Europe B. are remembered chiefly for their religious ideas C. are remembered chiefly for their unique farming techniques D. created the first alphabetic language E. none of the above
D. created the first alphabetic language
The Hittites: A. settled in Anatolia (modern Turkey) between 4000 and 2000 BCE B. are noted especially for their work in bronze tools & weapons C. established their capital at Hattusa, Turkey D. all the above E. a & c
E. a & c
Per the material in chapter two: A. The Persian king Cyrus was an especially harsh ruler, especially in how he treated the Jewish people B. The Hebrew Bible typically views its history through a religious perspective C. The Israelites had stories that shared similarities with the stories of other cultures D. all the above E. b & c
E. b & c
___________ denied the existence, or at least the influence, of the gods and taught that human beings that happiness is achieved by minimizing pain and maximizing pleasure through good decision making
Epicurus
This Alexandrian librarian produced accurate maps with latitude and longitude lines. He also calculated the circumference of the Earth with great accuracy.
Eratosthenes
Regarding Alexander the Great:
He inaugurated the Hellenistic Period
The following are correct about the Greek philosopher Aristotle EXCEPT:
He most emphasized the death of the gods
The following are correct regarding the philosopher Plato EXCEPT:
He thought democracy was the best form of government
Philip of Macedon was significant because
He united the Greeks and planned an invasion of Persia
Between the 4th and 1st centuries BCE, Greek became the language of commerce and intellectual pursuit. Greek thought and culture spread throughout the Mediterranean world. What was this called?
Hellenization
This ancient civilization was known for starting the Iron Age
Hittites
Regarding the last century of the Roman Republic
Julius Caesar led military commands in Gaul which enhanced his popularity/reputation Julius Caesar was a member of the first Triumvirate and was eventually assassinated by a group of senators Octavian, Caesar's heir, eventually defeated Mark Antony and became Rome's supreme leader
The statue that is a good example of the Greek move to more lifelike sculpture including the Contrapposto technique is:
Kritios Boy
Known as the Old Stone Age, human beings during period learned to control fire and lived as crude hunter gatherers
Paleolithic
The Greek military innovation that other civilizations used for centuries is known as the:
Phalanx
Regarding the Hellenistic period:
Philosophical changes occurred including Stoicism which taught that life was connected to the Logos
This civilization is credited with being the first to create an alphabet based on sounds
Phoenicians
The worship of many gods is known as ____________.
Polytheism
The pre-Socratic philosopher who developed some of the earliest ideas concerning mathematics was:
Pythagoras
Meaning "concerning the public or people," Rome developed a ___________where to varying degrees, the people participated.
Republic
Regarding your first unit of study:
The Greeks are best known for their commitment to monotheism Correct The idea of treating all kinds of people, including the poor, is an important idea within Hebrew religion The Assyrians are best remembered for their liberal governmental policies to those whom they defeated in war Only the Romans developed written law The Iliad is a famous Egyptian war poem that celebrates their defeat of the Hyksos which inaugurated the period of the New Kingdom
Shift from hunting and gathering economy to production of food buy systematic agriculture. Why do you think some historians call this transition the "greatest event of pre history?" (Possible Essay Question)
The invention of agriculture and domestication of animals is a still-existing idea developed in the stone age. It allowed people to stay in one place instead of having to wander to find food. Because off the easy access to nutrition, people stayed in one place which created civilization within communities. In Mesopotamia, their civilization grew, which led to the Rulers acquiring control to these valuable resources to create a stronger and more powerful empire. I believe some historians call this transition "the greatest event of pre history" because it was the starting point for the foundation of civilization that remains current and true to today.
Regarding ancient Egypt:
The king was known as the pharaoh Based on the evidence, the Egyptians embraced the idea of an afterlife Isis was the wife of Osiris who brought her husband back to life Correct all the above A & C
What was the chief function of the Egyptian pyramids?
The pyramids were built to insure the pharaoh's journey into the afterlife
Athens
the capital of Greece, in the southern part of the country; population 745,500 (est. 2009). A flourishing city state in ancient Greece, it was an important cultural center in the 5th century bc. It came under Roman rule in 146 bc and fell to the Goths in ad 267. After its capture by the Turks in 1456, Athens declined to the status of a village until chosen as the capital of a newly independent Greece in 1834.Greek name Athínai.
Old Testament
the first part of the Christian Bible, comprising thirty-nine books and corresponding approximately to the Hebrew Bible. Most of the books were originally written in Hebrew, some in Aramaic, between about 1200 and 100 bc. They comprise the chief texts of the law, history, prophecy, and wisdom literature of the ancient people of Israe
The Exodus
the second book of the Bible, which recounts the departure of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, their journey across the Red Sea and through the wilderness led by Moses, and the giving of the Ten Commandments. The events have been variously dated by scholars between about 1580 and 1200 bc
