Unitttesy

At which point does warm air begin to rise before colliding with cold air?

*4 *1 *2 3

Why do some scientists believe that carbon dioxide is responsible for global warming? Check all that apply.

*Carbon dioxide levels in the Earth's atmosphere have been steadily increasing. *Carbon has a longer average lifetime in the atmosphere. *Carbon has a shorter average lifetime in the atmosphere.

What indicates that an area in the Northern Hemisphere is experiencing summer?

The Sun is directly over Earth's north end.

What happens during the fall in September?

The Sun's rays are not as concentrated as in summer.

What must happen for most areas on Earth to experience all four seasons?

The axis must be tilted at a certain angle that remains unchanged.

What happens when volcanoes release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere?

The climate gets warmer.

Which major type of air mass is moving into the area?

continental polar

What is the center of a hurricane called?

eye

Which descriptions refer to short-range forecasts? Check all that apply.

fairly accurate cover five days or less

Which greenhouse gas is produced by commercial refrigeration and air conditioning systems?

fluorinated gas

Based on the arrows, in which direction are air masses moving?

from west to east

Which weather events can cause damage during a thunderstorm? Check all that apply.

heavy rain strong winds severe lightning

Examine the weather map. What does the symbol indicated by the arrows most likely represent?

high pressure

What information can scientists obtain from tree rings?

how narrow the rings are how the climate changed in the tree's life how wide the tree has grown how wide the rings are

What major factors play a role in global warming?

natural factors and human activity

What contributes to the movement of air masses?

natural wind patterns

How far in advance is weather forecasting most accurate?

one week

What do isotherms show?

points of equal temperature

What do scientists study to reconstruct past climate conditions?

pollen grains, tree rings, and fossils

What are global wind patterns called?

prevailing winds

Which technology collects data for weather, climate, and environmental monitoring from space?

satellites

Which tools do meteorologists use to collect data about the weather? Check all that apply.

satellites weather balloons automated weather stations

What do glaciers deposit that helps scientists study ancient climates?

sediment that contains fossils

A front refers to

the location where two air masses meet.

What is a fossil?

the remains of an animal or plant preserved within a layer of rock

What causes the cycle of seasons on Earth?

the tilt of Earth's axis

What most likely caused the ice ages?

the tilt of the Earth's axis and the shape of its orbit

Which processes are associated with the formation of tornados? Check all that apply.

A funnel cloud forms that reaches down to the ground. Warm air rises, resulting in a decrease in air pressure. A cold, dry air mass interacts with a warm, moist air mass.

How does the weather caused by a warm front compare to the weather caused by a stationary front?

A warm front brings rain in humid air on occasion, but a cold front brings thunderstorms in summer.

What causes a tornado to form?

A warm, moist air mass collides with a cold, dry air mass.

Study the image, which describes how rapid changes in weather conditions occur. Based on the arrows, what does the image represent?

Air masses are colliding with each other.

What is the relationship between Earth's temperature and the number of sunspots that occur?

An increased number of sunspots causes an increase in Earth's temperature.

What do El Niño and La Niña have in common? Check all that apply.

Both occur in the Pacific Ocean. Both are causes of short-term climate change.

Which is a possible result of rising ocean temperatures caused by global warming?

*rapid evaporation of water in soil

What information does the National Weather Service produce? Check all that apply.

*simple maps *newspaper maps *weather service maps

How do scientists use ice to study ancient climates?

*through glacial deposits and ice ages

What type of weather are the upper part of Africa and the lower half of Asia most likely experiencing, based on the image?

*thunderstorms *rainfall

Which descriptions are accurate regarding newspaper maps? Check all that apply.

*use symbols *are a good resource for long-range planning *are used by meteorologists to create other maps

In what type of climate do trees produce narrower rings?

*warm and wet cool and dry

Which front forms widespread clouds, rain, or snow?

*warm front

What climate conditions occur during La Niña?

*warmer Pacific waters and warmer winters stronger prevailing winds and more hurricane activity

Which tool enhances weather forecasts by enabling monitoring, which is necessary for predicting global weather and environmental events?

*weather balloon *automated weather station

What do weather maps display?

*weather stations atmospheric conditions

At which point is cool air circulating beneath warm air?

1

Which statement explains why many scientists believe that carbon dioxide has likely contributed more to global warming than other greenhouse gases?

Carbon dioxide has increased as a result of increased human activities.

Which weather event is typically brief, contains very strong winds, and leaves a path of destruction up to 50 miles long?

a tornado

Examine the air pressure map. Which type of line is shown on the map?

isobar

Which factors of Earth's position would contribute to long-term climate change?

its elliptical orbit and the tilt on its axis

Which high temperature range is most likely represented by the orange areas?

90-99 degrees

How does altitude affect climate patterns in a region?

Areas at high elevations have cooler temperatures.

How does analyzing ice benefit scientists who study ancient climates? Check all that apply.

Ice is one of the best preservers of prehistoric life remains. Scientists have identified several major ice ages from fossils. Scientists can drill deep into the ice to collect ice cores.

How does La Niña affect the climate of the Pacific Ocean?

It cools the water to below its normal temperature.

Which statement best describes the greenhouse effect?

It is a process by which greenhouse gases allow the sun's light to penetrate the atmosphere but stop the heat from escaping.

What role does the Automated Surface Observing Systems (ASOS) play in weather forecasting?

It is the nation's primary weather-observing network.

What effect does the release of volcanic gases and ash into the air have on long-term climate?

It reflects solar energy back into space and lowers temperatures.

The images show two different fronts. Which fronts are shown?

Item A shows a stationary front, and item B shows an occluded front.

During the entire month of June, temperatures increase in the Northern Hemisphere and decrease in the Southern Hemisphere. What causes these temperature changes?

The north end of Earth's axis is tilted toward the Sun.

Why does a coastal area have less variation in temperature than a noncoastal area?

The temperatures on land change more rapidly than temperatures on water.

Which statements best describe monsoons? Check all that apply.

They are winds that blow in the opposite direction of a normal wind. They bring rain in the summer and drought in the winter. They increase rainfall in South Asia, Africa, and Australia.

What does the line indicated by the arrows most likely represent?

a front

What is forming in the diagram?

a hurricane

Which definition best describes global warming?

a long-term increase in the Earth's average temperature

Which scenario describes the damage caused by a tornado?

a path of destruction up to 50 miles long with destroyed trees and homes

Which scenario describes an effect of tornadoes on the environment?

a path through a town with uprooted trees

Study the images of two different fronts. Based on arrow movement, why is the front shown in item A different from the front shown in item B?

*Cold air mixes with warm air in item A, while two air masses barely move in item B. *Warm air is pushed upward near cold air in item A, while a boundary forms in item B. *Warm air rises above cold air in item A, while two air masses collide in item B. Two air masses form a boundary in item A, while warm air rises above cold air in item B.

How is cold front formation different from stationary front formation?

*Cold fronts form when a warm air mass moves over a cold air mass, while stationary air fronts form when a cold air mass moves over a warm air mass.

Which important indoor safety measure should be taken during a thunderstorm?

*Go to the basement Move away from the windows

How is radar used to forecast weather?

*It collects weather data as part of a network around the country.

How does latitude affect climate?

*Latitude causes air temperatures to remain cool at higher elevations. *Latitude controls the angle of tilt for Earth's axis.

Which statements describe the influence of latitude on temperature? Check all that apply.

*Latitude determines the duration of daylight. *Latitude prevents extreme heat and cold in coastal regions. *Latitude influences the movement of warm and cool air over land.

Which important safety precautions should be taken during a tornado? Check all that apply.

*Stay away from doors and windows. *Try to avoid the storm by driving or running. *Lie on the floor and cover your head.

Why does the Northern Hemisphere experience spring in March, while the Southern Hemisphere experiences fall?

*The Northern Hemisphere receives more daylight hours than the Southern Hemisphere in March.

What happens when the south end of Earth's axis is tilted toward the Sun?

*The Southern Hemisphere experiences winter. The Southern Hemisphere experiences summer.

Why are temperatures more moderate around the fall and spring equinoxes?

*The angle at which Earth's axis tilts changes. Neither end of Earth's axis is tilted toward the Sun.

Warm air and cool air mix in Region A, while rapid weather changes occur in Region B. Which fronts are occurring in the regions?

*There is a warm front in Region A and a stationary front in Region B. *There is a cold front in Region A and a warm front in Region B. There is an occluded front in Region A and a cold front in Region B.

In what ways do coastal mountains affect a region's climate? Check all that apply.

*They increase precipitation on the windward sides of mountain ranges. *They force cool, moist air from oceans to rise as they move toward land. They increase precipitation on the windward sides of mountain ranges. They force cool, moist air from oceans to rise as they move toward land. They decrease precipitation totals on the leeward sides of mountain ranges.

Which statements describe solstices? Check all that apply.

*They occur when the Sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky. *They affect the amount of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere in June. *They increase the amount of rays from the Sun directly received in the Southern Hemisphere.

Which statement best explains how tectonic activity affects long-term climate change?

*Volcanic eruptions can cause both global warming and global cooling.

How is a warm front different from a cold front?

*Warm fronts cause snow flurries in the winter, while cold fronts cause several days of rainy weather. Warm fronts cause several days of cloudy weather, while cold fronts cause heavy snow in the winter.

Which process releases the energy that eventually produces lightning in a thunderstorm?

*Water condenses to form clouds.

Which factors are causes of short-term climate change?

*an increase of thunderstorms and rain

In what type of climate do trees produce wider rings?

*cool and dry warm and wet

Which kind of weather usually forms over the northwest United States in the summer because of maritime polar air masses?

*heavy rain

Which played a major role in altering wind patterns and ocean currents?

*ice ages movement of continents

Where are the strongest jet streams located?

*over high altitudes

What causes air masses to move?

Long, narrow bands of wind blow in the upper atmosphere.

During which months do both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres receive the same amount of energy from the Sun? Check all that apply.

March September

What effects do ocean currents have on short-term climate change? Check all that apply.

Ocean currents can carry warm water, which can raise the temperature of the air and land. Ocean currents can carry cold water, which can cool the air and land.

Which statement describes the impact of ocean currents on climate?

Ocean currents create changes in the temperature of air over land masses.

Which weather forecast would be accurate based on this weather map?

Rain is expected in Billings.

Which statement best describes how the distance from a large river affects an area's climate in the summer?

Regions near rivers experience winds from the water that prevent extreme temperature changes.

How do prevailing winds control precipitation totals in a region? Check all that apply.

They cause oceanic winds to carry water vapor. They move warm air masses in certain directions. They affect the movement of winds that come from oceans.

What effects do wind patterns have on climate?

They change the amount of precipitation in an area and affect a region's climate.

What are the characteristics of continental tropical air masses?

They have warm, dry air.

How do scientists study pollen grains to help them understand climate change?

by analyzing and making inferences about them

Which greenhouse gas has an average lifetime in the atmosphere of a few weeks to thousands of years?

carbon dioxide

Which substance is a greenhouse gas that is emitted by human activities, is the most widespread, and remains in the air the longest?

carbon dioxide

Which of these substances are greenhouse gases? Check all that apply.

carbon dioxide water vapor methane

According to some scientists, which is a cause of global warming?

changes in solar energy

Which factors are important to consider when forecasting weather? Check all that apply.

clouds air pressure temperature

Which tools do meteorologists use to help create weather forecasts? Check all that apply.

computer models weather service maps data from instruments

Pollen grains help scientists

identify plants and make assumptions on past climate conditions.

What negative effect occurs when there is a decrease in air quality?

increased illnesses that result in a decrease in population

Riley lives near a polar zone, where it is cold. He visits his friend Thalia, who lives in a tropical zone, where it is warm all year. They live at similar elevations, and neither lives in a coastal area. What causes the differences in climate where Riley and Thalia live?

latitude

Which type of forecast is impacted the most by the butterfly effect?

long-range

Which air mass has formed immediately north of Antarctica in the image? Study the image.

maritime polar

Which major type of air mass forms over warm water?

maritime tropical

Which details best describe this map? Check all that apply.

shows isobars shows isolines was probably used by meteorologists

A person trapped outside during a thunderstorm should

stay away from trees, water, and tall objects.

A storm surge is characterized by

strong winds.

Which condition causes storms to occur?

sudden change in air pressure

Which substance may lower air temperatures after a volcanic eruption?

sulfur dioxide

Which pieces of information are typically seen on a newspaper weather map? Check all that apply.

symbols for fronts symbols for precipitation

What do the numbers on the map represent?

temperatures

Study the image, which shows an air mass moving into a region. What type of weather will this region most likely experience due to the incoming air mass?

thunderstorms and heavy rain

Which weather event is capable of destroying homes and uprooting trees due to a low-pressure area at its center?

tornado

During El Niño, what do the unusual wind patterns move east?

warm water

What climate condition occurs during El Niño?

warm water moving toward the coast of South America

What does a weather balloon do? Check all that apply.

warns about severe weather measures conditions in the upper atmosphere collects data that predicts changes in the atmosphere

Which events are associated with tornadoes? Check all that apply.

wind speeds up to 300 mph paths of damage up to 50 miles long