Urinary

Outermost protective layer of the kidney

Adipose capsule

Reduced blood flow to the kidney results in the release of what hormone?

Aldosterone

3 levels of GFR control

Autoregulation (local) Hormonal regulation Autonomic regulation (sympathetic)

3 basic functions of the urinary system

Excretion Elimination Homeostatic regulation

Point at which the renal artery/nerves enter and renal vein/ureter exit?

Hilum

Renal tubule and renal corpuscle

Nephron

MOST nutrient absorption in the kidney occurs where?

PCT

Contents of visceral epithelium

Podocytes Pedicels (wrap around specialized lamina densa of glomerular capillaries

PCT is responsible for what?

REABSORPTION of H20, ions, and organic nutrients

3 functions of the renal tubule

Reabsorb nutrients and water Secrete waste products

The internal cavity within the kidney that is lines by fibrous renal capsule

Renal Sinus

Where is the site of filtration?

Renal corpuscle

Processes of DCT

SECRETION selective reabsorp (Na and Ca) and water

DCT is responsible for what?

SECRETION of ions, acids, drugs, and toxins

Rise in renal BP

STRETCH afferents CONSTRICT afferents Smooth muscle contraction Decrease glomerular blood flow

Autoregulation

changing diameters arterioles and glomerular capillaries

GFR is controlled by?

changing diameters of AFFERENT/EFFERENT arterioles Angiotensin II

Damage to the renal medulla would first interfere with the functioning of what structure?

collecting ducts

In response to LOW plasma osmolarity what changes are made to the collecting ducts?

decreased permeability of the membrane to water

Substances secreted by DCT

drugs, toxins Hydrogen ions Potassium ions Creatinine

Filtration membrane consists of?

fenestrated endothelium lamina densa filtration slits

What IS NOT supposed to be seen in urine?

large proteins

Ducts of the renal papilla discharge urine into what structure?

minor calyx

structure that arises from efferent arteriole and drains the glomerulus and surrounds entire renal tubule

peritubular capillaries

Homeostatic functions of the urinary system include:

regulation of blood volume and BP stabilizing blood pH conservation of nutrients regulation of plasma concentration of certain ions Assist liver in detoxifying poisons

The urinary system regulates blood volume and pressure by?

releasing renin releasing erythropoietin adjusting the volume of water lost in the urine

Covers outer surface of entire kidney, layer of collagen fibers

renal capsule

The bands of cortical tissue that extend into the medulla and separate adjacent renal pyramids

renal columns

The layer that anchors kidney to surrounding structure

renal fascia

TIp of the renal pyramid is called?

renal papilla

Contents of renal lobe

renal pyramid renal column overlying area of renal cortex

The loop of henle in cortical nephrons is relatively ____ compared to that of the juxtaglomerular nephron

short

Outer wall of Bowman's capsule is lined with what kind of epithelium?

simple squamous epithelium

The left kidney lies ___ to the right kidney

superior

3 organic waste products?

urea uric acid creatinine

The peritubular capillaries of the juxtamedullary nephrons attach to what structures?

vasa recta

Renal corpuscle

Bowman's capsule glomerulus

What substances are reabsorbed in the kidney tubules?

Chloride Potassium Calcium Sodium

Where does MOST secretion occur in the kidneys?

DCT

Reduced blood flow or glomerular BP triggers?

DIALATE afferents and glomerular capillaries CONSTRICT efferents

Nomenclature of renal blood arteries and veins are for the most part identical with the exception of what?

There are no segmental vessels (veins) that blood passes thru as it exits the kidney

Characteristics of NORMAL urine are:

amber color specific gravity GREATER than 1.0 ammoniacal odor acidic pH

What is responsible for the forcing of dissolved solutes out of glomerular capillaries and into the capsular space?

blood pressure

Role of DCT

concentrates urine

The majority of nephrons are?

cortical

Flow of blood to the efferent arteriole would be evidence of damage to the?

glomerulus

The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the?

hilus