US Government Unit 3 Test
Read the excerpt from the US Constitution. Congress shall make no law respecting . . . religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. Which example violates this portion of Amendment I? A student is allowed to read the Bible in class. A woman is allowed to hold a religious meeting in a park. A mayor attends a different church than his employees. A governor declares a new state religion.
A governor declares a new state religion.
Which of these statements describes a Fourth Amendment protection? A warrant based on probable cause is required. All citizens must receive due process. Citizens are protected against self-incrimination. Search and seizure can only be conducted when the suspect is present.
A warrant based on probable cause is required.
Read the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed . . . and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have [the opportunity] for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense. What part of the Sixth Amendment suggests that accused persons will be able to hear the charges against them? "the right to a speedy and public trial" "confronted with the witnesses against him" "informed of the nature and cause of the accusation" "have the Assistance of Counsel"
"informed of the nature and cause of the accusation"
How did the ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson affect the legalities of segregation? It set "separate but equal" as a legal precedent. It implemented desegregation legislation. It determined that separation based on race can never be equal. It discouraged people from continued protests.
It set "separate but equal" as a legal precedent. It implemented desegregation legislation.
What was the social impact of the decision in Brown v. Board of Education? It increased support for segregation by business owners. It strengthened the growing civil rights movement. It reduced interest in public protest relating to civil rights issues. It generated interest in the link between grades and emotions.
It strengthened the growing civil rights movement.
Read the Gallup poll results of registered voters when asked this question. Thinking about how the gun issue might affect your vote for major offices, would you—only vote for a candidate who shares your views on gun control, would you consider a candidate's position on gun control as just one of many important factors when voting, or would you not consider gun control a major issue? Based on the data, what conclusion can be drawn about the importance of the Second Amendment over time? The number of voters who think the gun issues are important has decreased since 1999. The number of voters who think gun issues are the most important have stayed the same. More voters think gun issues are important or very important today compared to 2000. The number of voters who have no opinion on gun issues has increased dramatically.
More voters think gun issues are important or very important today compared to 2000.
Read the following amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Which amendment is this? Fifteenth Nineteenth Twenty-first Twenty-sixth
Nineteenth
Which group was most affected by the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment? African Americans African American males of voting age African American females African Americans of voting age
African American males of voting age
Which of these statements accurately describes the Fifth Amendment? Searches and seizures must be reasonable. A search warrant based on probable cause is required. The police may not question citizens immediately if public safety is at risk. All citizens are entitled to due process.
All citizens are entitled to due process.
Chief Justice Earl Warren stated, "Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." What did the use of "inherently" imply about segregation? By its very definition, it cannot be equal. It is an integral part of American society. Based on its meaning, separation is a natural inclination. It was intended to be a state right, not a national mandate.
By its very definition, it cannot be equal.
Which government agency analyzed data to ensure African-Americans were receiving fair treatment at the polls? NAACP Census Bureau Voting Rights Department Justice Bureau
Census Bureau
are the rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights that cannot be taken away by law.
Civil liberties
Read the excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. This Fourteenth Amendment clause means that Congress cannot do anything in relation to the Fourteenth Amendment. all states have the authority to make laws to apply the amendment. all citizens will be subject to the same set of legal procedures. Congress has the authority to make laws to apply the amendment.
Congress has the authority to make laws to apply the amendment.
What was the impact of the Griswold v. Connecticut ruling? Couples were required to keep marriage vows private. Couples were allowed to keep their marriage decisions private. Couples were expected to obey state law regarding marriage. Couples were encouraged to regard their marriage as sacred.
Couples were allowed to keep their marriage decisions private.
Which statement best describes the precedent set by the Supreme Court in New York Times v. United States regarding government censorship? Government censorship is fine if there is a good reason. Government censorship is almost always unconstitutional. Government censorship must further national interests. Government censorship does not apply to opinions.
Government censorship is almost always unconstitutional.
Why was Homer Plessy arrested? He said his rights had been violated. He was clearly of mixed heritage. He refused to give his seat to a white person. He sat down in a train's whites-only car.
He sat down in a train's whites-only car.
In Schenck v. United States, what circumstance made this speech case special? It pertained to a foreign citizen. It involved events that occurred abroad. It occurred during wartime. It related to the commission of a crime.
It occurred during wartime.
Why was freedom of religion added to the First Amendment? The colonists wanted prayer taken out of schools. The colonists suffered unfair treatment for their religious beliefs in the past. The colonists wanted Catholicism to be the country's main religion. The colonists thought the government should have religious control.
The colonists suffered unfair treatment for their religious beliefs in the past.
Why were civil rights supporters disappointed with the Supreme Court's 1896 decision in Plessy v. Ferguson? The court rejected the idea of "separate but equal." The court ruled that African Americans were unable to drive. The court ruled that African Americans were unable to vote. The court affirmed the idea of "separate but equal."
The court affirmed the idea of "separate but equal."
What were affirmative action programs originally designed to encourage? increasing diversity in public institutions and businesses beginning the process of desegregation in schools establishing complete equality in admissions and hiring practices ending separation based on race in housing
increasing diversity in public institutions and businesses
Though the outcomes of Tinker and Schenck differed, which best describes what these court decisions have in common? They agreed that political expression could be restricted. They agreed that libel was not protected speech. They agreed that symbolic speech could be protected. They agreed that speech rights could be limited to protect safety.
They agreed that speech rights could be limited to protect safety.
Following the decision in the Gideon v. Wainwright case, what happens to accused persons who cannot afford to pay an attorney to represent them? They remain in jail until they can raise the money. They are freed from jail, and their cases are dismissed. They are assigned an attorney by the court. They are found guilty without trial.
They are assigned an attorney by the court.
Which piece of legislation increased the number of eligible voters by decreasing the required voting age to 18? Fifteenth Amendment Twenty-sixth Amendment Nineteenth Amendment Voting Rights Act
Twenty-sixth Amendment
What is a landmark case? a case that is based on a dispute over land a case that is based on a previous court's decision. a case that sets a precedent for future court decisions a case that has been overturned from a previous court.
a case that sets a precedent for future court decisions
What is symbolic speech? an action that expresses an idea or opinion the act of peaceful protest the publication of an article despite prior restraint an idea or opinion expressed through comparison to something else
an action that expresses an idea or opinion
Accused persons have the right to request a witness to appear in court. testify untruthfully. go into hiding. refuse to testify.
appear in court.
If the government wants to take land to build a highway, the Fifth Amendment says that the affected property owners must be compensated for the land. be imprisoned if they object. defend their land rights in court. surrender the land as part of their patriotic duty.
be compensated for the land.
The basic freedoms that are guaranteed to Americans by the Constitution are called civil liberties. rights of the accused. checks and balances. Miranda rights.
civil liberties.
Which type of rights ensure equal treatment under the law? substantive rights procedural rights unenumerated rights civil rights
civil rights
When a Constitutional Amendment is ________ it is interpreted. disparaged developed construed enumerated
construed
What does the Eighth Amendment prohibit? lengthy trials search warrants cruel and unusual punishment impartial juries
cruel and unusual punishment
two people of different ethnic backgrounds were guilty of the same crime, but only one of them were accused and tried, this would be a violation of due process and equal protection under the law. the right of citizenship and equal protection. the right of citizenship and due process. due process and the enforcement clause.
due process and equal protection under the law.
Which action would be considered an act of civil disobedience? rioting, which causes damage to private and government property engaging in a sit-in, in which African Americans stay at a segregated business looting, which results in the theft of property from private businesses boycotting, in which people choose not to purchase goods from businesses
engaging in a sit-in, in which African Americans stay at a segregated business
Read the excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall [take away] the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States. This Fourteenth Amendment clause is about equal protection under the law. the right of citizenship. due process under the law. states' rights to enforce laws.
equal protection under the law.
In Furman v. Georgia (1972), the Supreme Court ruled in William Furman's favor, saying that Georgia had denied Furman the right to be represented by counsel. violated Furman's right to a quick and speedy trial. established unclear standards for applying the death penalty. exceeded the annual quota of death penalties it could impose.
established unclear standards for applying the death penalty.
Evidence collected during an illegal search cannot be used in court based on the
exclusionary rule
Read the excerpt from the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. At the time it was written, this clause originally applied to state law only. federal law only. state and federal law. local, state, and federal law.
federal law only.
To become a citizen of the United States, a person must have been born in the United States. have been born or naturalized in the United States. have learned to speak English. have cousins who are citizens of the United States.
have been born or naturalized in the United States.
After Frank Palko was sentenced to death by the state of Connecticut, the Supreme Court ruled that his conviction and execution should be upheld. the case should be thrown out for lack of evidence. his sentence should be reduced. he was the victim of double jeopardy.
his conviction and execution should be upheld.
Under what circumstances would the protest of the students in Tinker v. Des Moines be deemed unprotected speech? if their action had clearly threatened order and safety if their action had supported an unpopular opinion if their action had not been political if their action had promoted an artistic endeavor
if their action had clearly threatened order and safety
The Fourth Amendment states that a reasonable search and seizure must include a warrant and be based on an indictment. include a warrant and be based on probable cause. be based on probable cause and include due process. be based on probable cause and include a Miranda warning.
include a warrant and be based on probable cause.
The Fifth Amendment protects the individual's right to make choices. to act independently. to obtain security. to avoid self-incrimination.
to avoid self-incrimination.
The Fourth Amendment implies privacy because it protects the right to own property. to have personal items. to be secure in one's home. to make one's own decisions.
to be secure in one's home.
Why did the Supreme Court expand the incorporation of the Bill of Rights? to ensure they always had the last word to ensure equal treatment for all citizens to ensure all naturalized people could be citizens to ensure all legal cases came before the Court
to ensure equal treatment for all citizens
Which best explains the purpose of the Ninth Amendment? to ensure personal rights not stated to prevent independent choices to protect personal properties to define specific personal rights
to ensure personal rights not stated
According to the preamble to the Bill of Rights, what is the purpose of the Bill of Rights? to explain the history of rights in the United States to stop citizens from depriving others of their rights to establish a system of equality for all Americans to prevent the government from abusing its power
to prevent the government from abusing its power
What is the purpose of the establishment clause? to give citizens the right to form religious groups to stop government from supporting one religion to give government power to choose a state religion to stop citizens from practicing religion in public
to stop government from supporting one religion
In the case Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court ruled that state laws were protected by federal laws. were protected by the Ninth Amendment. violated the right to privacy. violated the Second Amendment.
violated the right to privacy.
Which group has the lowest voter-participation rate? African Americans young adults women military personnel
young adults
The Voting Rights Act ended poll taxes. literacy tests. voter segregation. gender discrimination.
literacy tests.
The enforcement clause of the Fourteenth Amendment states that Congress has the authority to grant citizenship to people. change the Constitution. enforce only the Bill of Rights. make laws to apply the amendment.
make laws to apply the amendment.
Which action would violate the Ninth Amendment? speaking with a pharmacist about a prescription accusing a political opponent of dishonest behavior publishing a family recipe in a community cookbook obtaining unauthorized personal information from a website
obtaining unauthorized personal information from a website
After the Civil War, the federal government began to extend civil rights to African Americans by passing amendments to the Constitution. signing the Emancipation Proclamation. paying reparations to them. helping them move to the Northern states.
passing amendments to the Constitution.
Following the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment, states attempted to limit voting rights of African Americans through registration quotas. state constitutions. poll taxes and literacy tests. blood tests and genealogy.
poll taxes and literacy tests.
Which issue was at the heart of New York Times v. United States? libel symbolic speech civil disobedience prior restraint
prior restraint
The sixth and eighth amendments reflect the purpose of the Bill of Rights to protect the rights of citizens. describe the separation of powers. assert the authority of the federal government. outline the federal system.
protect the rights of citizens.
The First Amendment guarantees due process of law. religious freedom. the right to a fair trial. the right to bear arms.
religious freedom.
What was Clarence Gideon forced to do during his burglary trial? represent himself flee the state remain silent declare his guilt
represent himself
Edwards v. South Carolina is significant because it limited states' ability to protect protestors. restrict the freedom of assembly. convict criminals. restrict the freedom of the press.
restrict the freedom of assembly.
Which is a procedural right protected by the Bill of Rights? right to bear arms freedom of speech right to call witnesses freedom of assembly
right to call witnesses
Which term is defined as "a legal doctrine that permitted racial segregation in public facilities?" mandate affirmative action desegregation separate but equal
separate but equal
Which of these is least likely to be considered protected speech? shouting "FIRE!" in a crowded movie theater publishing an article specifying future terrorist attacks wearing a political button to work at a private firm hanging a sign promoting criminal behavior on a locker at a school
shouting "FIRE!" in a crowded movie theater
The practice of selective incorporation means that the Bill of Rights will always be applied to the states by the Court. never be applied to the states by the Court. sometimes be applied to the Court by the states. sometimes be applied to the states by the Court.
sometimes be applied to the states by the Court.
Which example violates the free-exercise Clause? allowing a private company to run weekly prayer sessions allowing a student to wear religious clothing stopping a religious group from praying in a city park stopping a religious group from buying a building based on their faith
stopping a religious group from buying a building based on their faith
Which type of rights are fundamental and belong to all citizens? substantive rights procedural rights enumerated rights unenumerated rights
substantive rights
The Supreme Court's use of selective incorporation only applies to amendments added before 1850. only applies in cases where there is not enough evidence of a crime. takes a subjective case-by-case approach to the question of incorporation. takes the same approach to the question of incorporation in all cases.
takes a subjective case-by-case approach to the question of incorporation.
If the police arrive at Larry's office without probable cause or a warrant and demand to search the premises, which amendment protects him from this type of search? the Fourth Amendment the Fifth Amendment the Sixth Amendment the Eighth Amendment
the Fourth Amendment
Which amendment protects any rights that are not specifically mentioned within the Constitution or the Bill of Rights? the First Amendment the Fourth Amendment the Ninth Amendment the Tenth Amendment
the Ninth Amendment
Which amendment protects citizens from being forced to house troops? the First Amendment the Third Amendment the Sixth Amendment the Eighth Amendment
the Third Amendment
Through which clause did state governments become bound by the Bill of Rights? the citizenship clause the equal protection clause the due process clause the enforcement clause
the due process clause
The Civil Rights Act expanded the role of women in government. states' rights to control voting processes. segregation in public facilities. the federal government's power.
the federal government's power.
The First Amendment's free-exercise clause gives the government the right to promote specific religions and faiths. the people the right to set up religious displays on public property. the government the right to create a national religion for all people. the people the right to choose their own set of religious beliefs.
the people the right to choose their own set of religious beliefs.
Protections are guaranteed by the Fourth Amendment to ensure that police officers have more rights than suspected criminals. the police do not become powerful at the expense of citizens' rights. judges can work with the police to keep suspected criminals in jail. citizens do not become more powerful than the police.
the police do not become powerful at the expense of citizens' rights.
Which privacy right is protected by Supreme Court decisions in Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade? the right to life the right to enjoy life the right to be left alone the right to share ideas
the right to be left alone
Which is a grand jury right? the right to the same treatment and rules that all citizens receive the right to avoid confessing to a crime the right to indictment before trial for a capital crime the right to avoid being tried twice for the same crime
the right to indictment before trial for a capital crime
Which statement best describes the impact of the Gideon decision? The police now have additional resources to track down criminals. All people, whether wealthy or not, now have the same rights in court. People with no savings may now raise bail that they could not otherwise afford. Trials that deal with serious crimes can now move forward quickly.
All people, whether wealthy or not, now have the same rights in court.
Who was responsible for initially filing the lawsuit questioning the use of quotas as affirmative action? Justice Powell Allan Bakke UC Davis Board of Education
Allan Bakke
What was the important precedent set by the Gitlow v. New York case? The equal protection clause was dropped from the Fourteenth Amendment. The due process clause was dropped from the Fourteenth Amendment. First Amendment freedoms were incorporated into the Fourteenth Amendment. Fourteenth Amendment rights were incorporated into the Fifteenth Amendment.
First Amendment freedoms were incorporated into the Fourteenth Amendment.
Why was it decided to lower the voting age to 18 from 21? Not enough people were showing up to vote in elections. College students began to protest a lack of rights. It was unusual that 18-year-olds could be drafted but could not vote. Young people were the only group to not receive increased rights.
It was unusual that 18-year-olds could be drafted but could not vote.
State laws passed primarily in Southern states to restrict the voting rights of African Americans after the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment came to be known collectively as Jim Crow laws. Voting Rights Acts. Black Codes. Affirmative Action.
Jim Crow laws.
Which of these statements was implied by the decision in Brown v. Board of Education? Segregation could lead to feelings of inferiority. Segregation often led to relatively equal opportunities. Segregation increased levels of personal determination. Segregation was the purpose of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Segregation could lead to feelings of inferiority.
Senator Quintero donates money to his local church from his personal checking account. Senator Kleinman donates money from a federally funded account to her church. Based on this scenario, which senator is in violation of the establishment clause? They are both in violation because government officials are not allowed to donate to one religion Senator Quintero is in violation because he donated a large amount of money to the church. Senator Kleinman is in violation because she took the money from a federally funded account. Neither senator is in violation because they have the right to donate to any religious group.
Senator Kleinman is in violation because she took the money from a federally funded account.
Which is a main idea in the Ninth Amendment? Privacy rights must be respected, unless forbidden by the state law. Some rights are not included in the Constitution, but are still protected. Certain rights are included in the Constitution and should be protected. Some rights found in the Constitution should be denied in certain situations.
Some rights are not included in the Constitution, but are still protected.
What was the Supreme Court's decision in Barron v. Baltimore in 1833? The city of Baltimore owed Barron payment for damages The Bill of Rights did not apply at the state level. Naturalized citizens were guaranteed equal rights. The city of Baltimore had violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
The Bill of Rights did not apply at the state level.
Which statement accurately describes the Fourth Amendment? The Fourth Amendment gives citizens the right to refuse a search under any circumstances. Police officers may seize anything they find suspicious. The Fourth Amendment describes the legal process for searches and seizures. A police officer can search someone's home, so long as a judge is present.
The Fourth Amendment describes the legal process for searches and seizures.
In the American colonies, which document called for religious freedom and helped to create aspects fo the First Amendment? The Mayflower Compact The US Constitution The Bill of Rights The Virginia Declaration of Rights
The Virginia Declaration of Rights
According to the ruling in New York Times v. United States, which best describes what the government had to prove for its censorship of the New York Times to have been acceptable? The articles would have had to indisputably threaten national security. The articles would have had to be harshly critical of the military. The articles would have had to reveal classified information. The articles would have had to support the enemy in wartime.
The articles would have had to indisputably threaten national security.
What is the difference between the establishment clause and the free-exercise clause? The establishment clause stops the government from favoring a religion while the free exercise clause allows people to express their religion. The establishment clause allows the government to favor a religion and the free exercise clause allows people to express their religion. The establishment clause stops the government from favoring a religion and the free exercise clause stops people from expressing their religious beliefs. The establishment clause allows the government to favor a religion and the free exercise clause stops people from being able to express their beliefs.
The establishment clause stops the government from favoring a religion while the free exercise clause allows people to express their religion.
The events surrounding Tinker v. Des Moines involved a school. Which statement best explains why the Supreme Court ruled in the students' favor? The events involved symbolic speech without disruption. The First Amendment always applies to issues of speech. The events involved controversial issues. The protest was an act of civil disobedience.
The events involved symbolic speech without disruption.
Which statement best explains why the Tenth Amendment reserves some rights and powers to the states? The framers believed in the principle of federalism. The framers wanted the states to be very powerful. The framers wanted to limit citizens' rights. The framers wanted to control civil liberties.
The framers believed in the principle of federalism.
Though the outcomes of Schenck and New York Times differed, what did these decisions have in common? The government has a heavy burden to prove harm. The government can limit speech that causes harm. The government has unlimited power to limit speech. The government must follow the First Amendment.
The government can limit speech that causes harm.
What does separation of church and state mean? Churches cannot make laws that violate state laws. The government cannot make laws based on religion. Churches are built a certain distance from state buildings. The government has to make separate laws for churches.
The government cannot make laws based on religion.
Why would the right to privacy implied in the Ninth Amendment not protect an individual writing a blog? The information is freely given to others. The writer may express dangerous ideas. The information may be unreliable or untruthful. The writer may be hiding behind a false identity.
The information is freely given to others.
In Engel v. Vitale, why did the courts rule that prayer in schools was unconstitutional? The prayer took time away from instruction. The prayer was considered a religious activity. The prayer promoted one religion. The prayer was required in the school.
The prayer was considered a religious activity.
In Tinker v. Des Moines, why did the Supreme Court rule in favor of the students who wore armbands? Their action did not negatively influence other students. Their action was not disruptive. Their action occurred off school grounds. Their action was political speech.
Their action was not disruptive.
According to the Supreme Court, which of these most likely prompted the arrest of the protesters in Edwards v. South Carolina? The protestors supported an unpopular view. The protesters assembled in front of the statehouse. The protesters were a threat to public safety. The protesters marched without a permit.
The protestors supported an unpopular view.
What was the Supreme Court in the Brown case saying to the Court of the Plessy case in 1896? We agree completely with you. You made the wrong decision. The issue has changed dramatically. "Separate but equal" also applies to schools.
You made the wrong decision.
The exclusionary rule states that if evidence is found during an illegal search, it must be destroyed immediately. cannot be admitted as evidence in court. can be admitted into court anyway. cannot be admitted into court unless a judge agrees.
cannot be admitted as evidence in court.
The Fifth Amendment protects citizens against self-incrimination, which means that citizens are probably guilty on all counts. cannot be forced to testify against themselves. can ask the judge to issue a warrant. have been denied due process.
cannot be forced to testify against themselves.
Read the following scenario. Jacob Smith is an African American man in his fifties. He heads to a local restaurant for dinner and is told by the hostess that he is going to have to sit on "that side" of the establishment, as she gestures to a part of the restaurant where only other African Americans are sitting. Mr. Smith feels offended and leaves the restaurant. Based on passage of the Civil Rights Act, what is Mr. Smith's best recourse? calling the police to arrest the restaurant owner and investigate any violations of local law contacting the US Justice Department about filing a potential discrimination lawsuit demanding that the restaurant's manager stop segregating customers immediately asking the US Census Bureau to send him data on dining among restaurants in the area
contacting the US Justice Department about filing a potential discrimination lawsuit
The impact of Furman v. Georgia (1972) was that states had to promise to use the death penalty only with approval from the Supreme Court. throw out the old Miranda warning and write a new one. agree to throw out all state laws regarding crime and impose national standards. create clear standards to be applied fairly before imposing the death penalty.
create clear standards to be applied fairly before imposing the death penalty.
The First Amendment protects the right to bear arms. a speedy trial. free speech. a jury trial.
free speech.
The Supreme Court's decisions in Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade were most important because they restricted state laws governing privacy. gave a new definition to personal privacy. limited privacy to the control of the body and of family life. included the right to the privacy of personal property.
gave a new definition to personal privacy.
The right to privacy protects citizens from personal searches. seizure of property. government intrusion. personal incrimination.
government intrusion.
The Supreme Court's decisions in Terry v. Ohio (1967) and Horton v. California (1990) both held that the police may, in certain cases, search individuals or seize their property without a warrant. must never, even with reasonable cause, carry out a stop and frisk. must always have a warrant to seize evidence, even if it is in plain view. may never violate the Fourth Amendment protections concerning searches and seizures.
may, in certain cases, search individuals or seize their property without a warrant.
