US History Chapter 10 Quiz

Missouri Compromise

"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states. Divided country with a physical line of free and not free. "fault line." North vs. South was a real thing.

Election of 1824

(Jackson had the most electoral votes and the popular vote.) No one won a majority of electoral votes, so the House of Representatives had to decide among Adams, Jackson, and Clay. Clay dropped out and urged his supporters in the House to throw their votes behind Adams. Jackson and his followers were furious and accused Adams and Clay of a "corrupt bargain."

William Eaton

An American officer stationed in Tunis. Eaton led his own force of four hundred men and marched on tripoli. Amazingly, Eaton succeeded. He established a treaty and freed the people aboard the Philadelphia, but peace was ultimately not attained.

Why did partisan conflict increase during the administrations of Monroe and Adams? (More about this section below)

suffrage was a major issue -whether to expand to all white males

Bluestocking

A disparaging term for a woman devoted to literary or scholarly pursuits :(

The Monroe Doctrine

A key foreign policy made by President Monroe in 1823. It declared the western hemisphere off limits to new European colonization and in return, the US promised not to meddle in European affairs. In response to Jackson's actions in Spanish Florida.

Tecumseh

A major instigator for the native involvement in the War of 1812. Tecumseh created a federation of native tribes united against white settlement and occupation of the Louisiana territory. Tecumseh caused a strong revival of ancient native ways. Along with his brother, referred to as the "Prophet", pitted native tribes against the children of the Evil Spirit (the whites).

Gabriel

A slave who attempted to organize a slave rebellion in Virginia. shut down before it started.

Who was not allowed to vote?

Slaves and women

Proposals of Hartford Convention

-Abolish 3/5 clause -2/3 vote instead of simple majority for embargoes, admitting states, and declaring war -Limit of one term per president -2 presidents in a row can't be from 1 state

The Adams Administration

-Adams was a diplomat not an executive leader, making him inexperienced as a President. -Adams called for federally built roads, canals, and harbors. Adams believed he was continuing the legacy of Jefferson and Madison, using the powers of government to advance knowledge. -His opponents feared he was abusing federal power to advance commercial interests. -Adams was ultimately unable to implement many of his policies.

Women and Church Governance

-Baptist congregations in New England had women serving alongside men when governing the church. -Quakers often recognized women's spiritual talents, with some women attaining the status of minister. -A small set of women began preaching between 1790 and 1820. While they were small in number, their messages were highly eccentric and caused significant controversy. The women addressed many topics such as the blending of gender and gender inequality. Jemima Wilkinson, one of the female preachers, created a small town called New Jerusalem in western New York. Through preaching, women created a large ripple in the area of religion. Many different religious denominations sprang up and the issue of gender subordination was talked about more and more. However, little changed in the gender sentiments of American culture in general.

Why did partisan conflict increase during the administrations of Monroe and Adams? (cont.)

-The increased political engagement of states created a drive for universal white male suffrage. However, this push for increased democratization was strongly opposed by propertied elites. The elites argued that the "industry and good habits" needed to run the government were only found within the propertied. While the other side argued that "more integrity and more patriotism" are found within the laboring class. -admission of Missouri as a state to the Union. The politics of race engendered the most divisive issues of monroe's term. The Missouri compromise was ultimtaley reached by balancing Missouri's entrance into the union as a slave state with Maine's entrance as a free state. The compromise also established Missouri as the physical divide between free states and slave states. -Adams-Onis Treaty, obtained Florida for the US in exchange for claims on Texas and Cuba. Southerners viewed this as a major loss of potential slave state expansion.

Why did Congress declare war on Great Britain in 1812?

1) British seizure of American ships and the imposing of impressment on the sailors 2) Failure of the Embargo Act - The Embargo Act attempted to combat and deter Britain from interfering with American Ships at Sea. With the American economy in tatters as a result of the Embargo Act, war seemed much more appealing. 3) War Hawks - The young congressmen of the south and west established a strong anti British sentiment. They strongly advocated for a direct military conflict with Britain. Given their large number of seats in congress, they held large influence in the declaration of war.

Louisiana Purchase

1803 - The U.S. purchased the land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains from Napoleon for $15 million. Jefferson was interested in the territory because it would give the U.S. the Mississippi River and New Orleans (both were valuable for trade and shipping) and also room to expand. Napoleon wanted to sell because he needed money for his European campaigns and because a rebellion against the French in Haiti had soured him on the idea of New World colonies. The Constitution did not give the federal government the power to buy land, so Jefferson used loose construction to justify the purchase. Ultimately increased conflict with the natives, created trading opportunity, doubled the geographic size of the US, and caused the Lewis and Clark expedition. The Lewis and Clark expedition was very successful and made it all the way to the mouth of the Columbia river without conflict, inspiring the country and establishing good relations with the Natives.

Non-Intercourse act

1809 - Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the Embargo, which forbade American trade with all foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France and Britain.

Rush-Bagot disarmament treaty

1817; The US and British agreed to set a limit of four ships per country in the atlantic ocean.

Battle of Tippecanoe

Battle between Americans and Native Americans. Tecumseh and the Prophet attempted to oppress white settlement in the West, but were defeated by William Henry Harrison. Led to talk of Canadian invasion and served as a cause to the War of 1812.

What was the War Hawks' reasoning for war with Britain?

Britain's lust for power, unbounded tyranny, and mad ambition. The wars were, in reality, mostly about insult and honor.

Stephen Decatur

Decatur delivered the final blow to the Barbary States, leading a naval force to victory over the opposing nations. Decatur established 3 treaties providing reparations for damaged US ships and the end of the tribute system. Decatur was hailed a a national hero who had restored honor to the US.

Female Education

Education was the main growth for women from 1800-1820. More and more women were becoming literate and educated. Some people believed that women made better teachers because they are better at communicating their knowledge and being patient. This led to more confidence in women and later led to increased rights for women in the 1830s.

The Treaty of Ghent

Ended the War of 1812, restored prewar boundaries but did not mention neutral rights or impressment, increased the nation's prestige overseas and generated a new spirit of patriotism and national unity (1814)

How was Jefferson different from previous presidents?

He believed that the executive should be like the people, not like a monarch. He wore normal clothes, had a modest swear in, and cut back on the budget for governmental buildings.

Why was the election of 1800 considered a revolution?

It was the end of federalist rule in the country and the government began shifting away from centralized government. Jefferson worked towards republican simplicity. This included cut back military spending, abolished population and whiskey taxes, and reducing national debt.

Feme convert

Legal doctrine grounded in British common law that held that a wife's civic life was subsumed by her husband's. Married women lacked independence to own property, make contracts, or keep wages earned. The doctrine shaped women's status in the early Republic. This made marriage and unequal relationship by law and was responsible for maintaining gender inequality.

Marbury vs. Madison

Marbury was one of the midnight appointments that Jefferson refused to honor. He took his case to the supreme court and the court ruled that it was wrong of Jefferson not to appoint Marbury but they could not compel him to do so. The Supreme Court ruled for the first time that it had the power to decide whether laws passed by congress were constitutional - Judicial Review

Hartford Convention

Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largely viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence. Wanted to reduce the south's power and block policies that injured northern trade. Ultimately killed the federalist party.

Who was allowed to vote?

Not women. White men - some places all male taxpayers others you had to own property. Also a small number of free black men were able to work

Creek War

Part of the War of 1812 involving the Creek nation in Mississippi Territory and Tennessee militiamen. General Andrew Jackson's forces gained victory at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814, forcing the creeks to sign away much of their land.

Why was it such a big deal that the US was able to chose a president peacefully in the situation where Burr and Jefferson tied?

Peaceful transfer of power. If 2 candidates tied and there was no way of deciding on a president in many other countries at this time, the country would go into pandemonium. When Burr and Jefferson tied in 1800, the country was able to peacefully choose a president, despite confusion. After the election, the 12th amendment was added to the Bill of Rights which introduced 2 distinct ballots for president and vice president.

Midnight Judges

The 16 judges that were added by the Judiciary Act of 1801 that were called this because Adams signed their appointments late on the last day of his administration.

Barbary Wars

The Barbary Wars (or Tripolitan Wars) were two wars between the United States of America and Barbary States in North Africa in the early 19th century. At issue was the pirates' demand of tribute (additional payment) from American merchant vessels in the Mediterranean Sea. This caused the Barbary States to raid American ships and take them. American naval power attacked the pirate cities and extracted concessions of fair passage from their rulers. Decatur set the ship on fire and made it useless for the Tripolis. Later, the US attacked the harbor and destroyed 19 ships and bombarded the city.

Impressment

The British practice of taking American sailors from American ships and forcing them into the British navy; a factor in the War of 1812.

Embargo Act

The Embargo act was an absolute disaster. 1807 act which ended all of America's importation and exportation. Jefferson hoped the act would pressure the French and British to recognize U.S. neutrality rights in exchange for U.S. goods. Really just hurt Americans and our economy and got repealed in 1809. Caused the Federalist Party to start revival.

What were the effects of the Lewis and Clark expedition on US presence in the region?

The Lewis and Clark Expedition established favorable relations with many different native tribes, collected large amounts of information regarding the flora and fauna of the region, scouted the geography of the west, and inspired many more expeditions.

The Jeffersonian Vision of Simplicity

The federal government should be more connected to the common people. The Jeffersonian vision of government portrayed the independent farmer as the center of the economy. He believed that the government should be less involved economically, simply providing supporting services for commerce to occur. Jefferson strove to undo much of the Federalist party's policies by reducing the size of the military, abolishing all federal taxes based on population or whisky, counting slaves for representation but not taxation, and reducing the size of the federal debt. Jefferson also reduced the size of the government itself, decreasing the number of employed people to 130 people within the Executive Branch.

How did the collapse of the Federalist Party influence the administrations of James Monroe and John Quincy Adams?

The federalist party was gone so there was only one party, and it appeared that everyone was republican but really it was still highly partison

Battle of New Orleans

The final battle during the War of 1812 where the British army attempted to take New Orleans. Due to the foolish frontal attack, Jackson defeated them, which gave him an enormous popularity boost. Little did everyone know, the war had actually ended two weeks before this battle. This created the image of an American Victory in the War of 1812.

War Hawks

The nationalist members of Congress who strongly supported war with Great Britain on the eve of the War of 1812; included Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun. The War Hawks approved major defense expenditures, and the army soon quadrupled in size.

Why wasn't one party rule harmonious?

Though there was only one party, politics remained highly partisan. This one party rule created an emphasis on other conflicts such as geographical issues.

Osage and Comanche Indians

US made an agreement with the Osage indians, giving them protection, and guaranteeing trade but when intertribal wars occurred, the Osage tribe was too expensive to protect and they broke the agreement. The US ultimately put the agreement aside and pushed the Osages out of their land with 4 treaties. The comanches resisted attempts from the US to dominate them. They traded with the Americans and remained in control of their region until the late 19th century.

Dolley Madison

When the British attacked the white house and set it on fire, Dolley madison was the one who saved the famous portrait of George Washington from the executive mansion. She was also the wife of James Madison. "Presidentress" struck balance between queenliness and republican openness. Enhanced the power and legitimacy of the presidency.