US History: Chapter 16 Mrs. Vaugh

Lusitania

The British ship that was sunk by a U-boat with over 1,000 passengers on it.

emphasis

a special importance given to an object or idea

Armistice

a temporary agreement to end fighting

cost of living

the cost of purchasing goods and services essential for survival

National Self-Determination

the free choice by the people of a nation of their own future political status

Reparations

the payment by the losing country in a war to the winner for the damages caused by the war

Propaganda

the spreading of ideas about an institution or individual for the purpose of influencing opinion

authorities

those who have control over determining and enforcing what is right or wrong

resolve

to come to an agreement

migrate

to move from one location to another

draft

to select a person at random for mandatory military service

erode

to wear away at something until it fades

widespread

widely diffused or prevalent

help Mexico regain territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona

According to the Zimmermann telegram, if Mexico allied with Germany, Germany would __________________________________________________________.

The air, with dogfights between planes

Advancements in technology led to what new theater of battle? ___________________________________________________________________________________

Congress

Critics of the League of Nations feared it might supersede the power of ________________________________ to declare war and thus force the United States to fight in numerous foreign conflicts.

The European leaders wanted to punish the Germans

How did Wilson's perspective on the best outcome of the peace process differ from those of European leaders? ____________________________________________________________________________.

By raising taxes and selling bonds

How did America fund the $32 billion war effort? ____________________________________________

By creating convoys in which merchant ships ad small, maneuverable warships called destroyers traveled together

How did American Admiral Sims change the war at sea? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

They sunk passenger ships

How did Germany's use of unrestricted submarine warfare bring the United States into World War I? _____________________________________________.

a National Draft Lottery

According to the Selective Service Act, the order in which men were called to serve was determined by what? __________________________________________

Gavrilo Princip

A Bosnian rebel that shot and killed the archduke and his wife as they rode through the city.

False

A new government agency, the Committee on Public Information, had the task of establishing penalties and prison terms for anyone who gave aid to the economy.

Slavs felt that Austria-Hungary had no intention of giving them independence

Austria-Hungry's annexation of Bosnia in 1908 had what effect on the empire's relationship with the Slavic people? _____________________________________________________________.

Prussia

By 1871, after launching a series of wars, the German kingdom of ___________________________ had united various German states into one nation.

In the first five points, President Wilson proposed to eliminate the general causes of war through trade, disarmament, freedom of the seats, impartial adjustment of colonial claims, and open diplomacy instead of secret agreements. The next eight points addressed the right of self-determination. They also required the Central Powers to evacuate all of the countries invaded during the war. The fourteenth point called for the creation of the League of Nations. The League's member nations would help preserve peace and prevent future wars by pledging to respect and protect each other's territory and political independence.

Describe Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points plan by summarizing the main purpose of the first five points, then the next eight points, and finally the fourteen point. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Germany using unrestricted submarine warfare on ships that carried innocent passengers, such as the Lusitania, and the Zimmerman Note which said Germany would help Mexico gain back their land taken from the US, like Texas.

Describe two events that pushed the United States toward entering World War I. _________________________________________________________________________________________

Clerical and nursing positions

During World War I, women officially served in the armed forces for the first time in _________________________________________________________.

Ferdinand Foch

French marsh that was top of the Allied forces.

Remain in American units under American command

General Pershing insisted that American soldiers who entered the war _____________________________________________________________.

U-Boats

German submarines that attacked ships bound for Britain were called __________________________________.

They had more jobs in factories and that they were involved in the war for the first time

How did progressive ideas influence the roles of women during World War I? _________________________________________________________________________.

By instituting Heatless Mondays and creating daylight savings time

How did the Fuel Administration attempt to conserve coal and oil during the war? ___________________________________________________________

They were scared

How did the arrival of American troops affect German attitudes about the war? _______________________________________.

Allied forces were enthusiastic and German forces demoralized

How did the arrival of American troops in Europe change the attitude of those fighting the war? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________.

They connected every country

How did the complex web of European alliances contribute to the outbreak of World War I? ____________________________________________.

Several countries feared that Germany would invade them and begin to create alliances

How did the unification of the German states and the emergence of the German Empire lead to tensions in Europe? ______________________________________________________________________________________.

By the Espionage and Sedition Acts

How was criticism of the war at home effective silenced? ___________________________________________________

Poison

In April 1915, the Germans first used ____________________________ gas.

Communist Government

In November 1917, Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik Party seized power in Russia and established a ________________________________________________...

Dogfights

In World War I, ______________________ were battles in the air between aircraft with attached machine guns.

Germany

One of the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles was that __________________ must admit its guilt causing World War I.

Nationalism

One reason for the tension between the European powers was their intense pride in their homelands, called ____________________________________________.

War Industries Broad

Organized the creation of war materials.

Herbert Hoover

Perhaps the most successful government agency during this time was the Food Administration, which was run by _____________________________________.

League of Nations

President Wilson called for the creation of a "general association of nations" known as the ______________________________________.

Allied Powers

President Wilson declared the United States to be neutral concerning the war in Europe, but in general, American public opinion favored the ___________________________________ rather than the Central Powers.

Fourteen

President Wilson's plan for peace was know as the _________________________ Points and was based on "the principle of justice to all people's and nationalities."

selective service

Realizing a draft was necessary, Congress created a new system of conscription called _________________________________________________.

Balkans

The Serbs, Bosnians, Croats, and Slovenes all lived in a region in southeastern Europe called the ___________________________________.

Britain, France, and Russia

The Triple Entente included ______________________________________________.

False

The War Industries Board worked closely with women and African Americans to help them gain civil rights.

Nationalism and Imperialism

The crisis in the Balkans represented a clash between which two ideals that were emerging in Europe?____________________________________________

Nationalism

The desire to promote one's own country's culture and interests above all other nations is called ________________________________________.

the assassination of the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary

The event that touched off the first declaration of war in World War I was _______________________________________________________________________.

Four-Minute Men

The guys that gave speeches to be delivered at movie theaters and other public places.

Lusitania

The issue of Germany attacking civilian ships reached a crisis on May 7, 1915, when a submerged German submarine fired on the British passenger linear ___________________________________________.

Vladimir Lenin

The leader of the communists. (Bolsheviks)

Liberty Bonds

The method of loaning money to the government to pay for the war.

daylight saving time

To conserve energy, the Fuel Administration shortened workweeks for factories that did not make war materials and introduced ___________________________________________________________.

True

To find the war effort, Congress raised income tax rates.

False

To help prevent strikes from disrupting the war effort, the government established the Committee on Public Information in April 1918.

The Battle of the Argonne Forest

What battle on the Western Front resulted in a massive German retreat? __________________________________________________________________________

People raced to buy goods that had been rationed, while businesses rapidly raised prices they had been forced to keep low during the war. The result was rapid inflation.

What caused the inflation after World War I, and how did inflation help cause the wave of strikes in the United States? __________________________________________________________________________________________

Many took jobs that were traditionally held by men

What effect did the war have on women in America? _______________________________________________________________

The Russian Revolution and establishment of a Communist state

What event allowed Germany to sign a treaty with Russia, ending their campaign in the east? _________________________________________________________________________________________________.

The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary

What event in 1914 triggered the beginning of World War I? ___________________________________________________________________________

the Bolsheviks

What group took power in Russia and established a Communist government? ______________________________________

Machine guns, tanks, poison gas, and trenches. A lot more deaths.

What new technologies were introduced in World War I, and how did they impact the war? __________________________________________________________________________________

Ariel combat and gas attacks

What two new forms of warfare were introduced during World War I? _________________________________________________________...

The movement of massive numbers of African Americans to the North to take factory jobs

What was the "Great Migration"? __________________________________________________________.

The movement in large numbers of African Americans during and after World War I from the rural South to industrial cities of the Northeast and Midwest

What was the Great Migration during World War I? _________________________________________________________________________________.

The telegram to Mexico from Germany promising to give Mexico land lost the U.S. if they joined the war

What was the Zimmerman telegram? ___________________________________________________________________________.

The sinking of six American ships by German submarines

What was the final German act that caused the United States to declare war on Germany? ___________________________________________________________.

Army nurses

What was the only group of women sent overseas in World War I? ____________________________________

To coordinate production of war materials

What was the primary purpose of the War Industries Board? _______________________________________________________________

It rejected the notion of a League of Nations

What was the primary reason that the Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles? ______________________________________________________________________.

To sell the war effort to Americans

What was the purpose of the Committee on Public Information? _____________________________________________________________

To foster cooperation between the national war effort and private businesses

What was the purpose of the wartime agencies created in the U.S. during World War I? __________________________________________________________.

Countries began to engage in militarism

What was the result of alliances between European countries against one another? ___________________________________________________________

Gas Masks

What was used to defend soldiers against the use of mustard gas and chlorine bombs during World War I? ____________________________

Gardens in which citizens grew their own vegetables

What were "victory gardens"? __________________________________________________.

WIB, NWLB, and victory gardens

What were some new agencies that Congress established to help manage the wartime economy? ___________________________________________________________

Russia and France allied with Serbia against Austria-Hungary and Germany

What were the European alliances that were triggered when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia? _____________________________________________________________.

To prevent spying and curtail criticism of the government

What were the purposes of the Espionage and Sedition Acts? __________________________________________________________________

Free trade and open diplomacy, national self-determination, and the establishment of the League of Nations

What were three of the main ideas in Wilson's Fourteen Points? ________________________________________________________________________________

When German troops crossed into Belgium

When did the British enter World War I? _________________________________________________

Between Germany and France

Where was the Western Front? ________________________________________________

To draft Americans into armed forces

Why did Congress pass the Selective Service Act? ____________________________________________________________

Because Germany was creating a naval fleet that threatened the British navy

Why did England seek to forge alliances with France and Russia? ___________________________________________________________________________________.

Because artillery and machine guns had made capturing an enemy's position nearly impossible

Why did trench warfare result in such horrific casualties? _______________________________________________________________________________.

Airplanes

World War I saw the first use of ______________________________ in combat, first as a way to observe enemy actions and later to drop small bombs.

Victory garden

a garden planted by civilians during war to raise vegetables for home use, leaving more of other foods for the troops

Convoy

a group that travels with something, such as a ship, to protect it

Militarism

a policy of aggressive military preparedness

network

an interconnected system

Contraband

goods whose importation, exportation, or possession is illegal

Nationalism

loyalty and devotion to a nation

Espionage

spying, especially to gain government secrets

adequately

sufficiently; completed to its minimum requirements