U.S History Chapter 4 Test

Boston Massacre

(1770), as British guards opened fire on a crowd killing five people, when the colonies were protesting.

Congress Battle of Lexington and Concord

(April 19, 1775) First battle of the Revolutionary War, Paul Revere let people know that the British are coming. -midnight ride

Declaration of Independence

(July 4, 1776) Sign by Thomas Jefferson and all the delicate from he 13 colony declare that America is now a free nation.

Battles of Trenton and Princeton

(New Jersey) George Washington crossing the icy Delaware on Christmas night. *Defeated close to 1,000 mercenaries that was hired by the British. surprised Hessians at Trenton, went on to win at Princeton...gave new hope to Americans after defeats in New York

Yorktown

(Virginia) Washington march in with his troops surrendered the British by water

Sons of Liberty

(rebel) go around and organized the protest, steal from British and sell back to the colonies.

Quartering Act

1765 - Required the colonials to provide food, housing, and supplies for the British troops.

Stamp Acts

1765; law that taxed printed goods. Colonies now needed to pay taxes in all printed material like newpapers or books.

Intolerable Act

1774 —It is a continuation of the quartering, but also added that any crime a British soldier commits, would be trial and sent back to Britain. It limited the political and geographical freedom of the colonists.

1. List and describe the 4 contributing factors that lead to the completion of the Revolutionary War.

>>>> The assistant they were able to received from France >>>> Highly motivated with outstanding leaderships under George Washington >>>> the British misunderstood the practical nature - taxed them for common good - changed their government >>>> The British made technical mistake during the battle - They thought that they would win because they has more men.

Thomas Gage

A British general and government of Massachusetts. Colonies was to govern themself without Gage because he would report information back to Britain. Colonies started to stock weapons.

Samuel Adams

American Revolutionary leader and patriot, Founder of the Sons of Liberty

Redcoats

British soldiers

Upper House of Council

Chosen by the government. -well respected without inherited title

Coercive Act

Closing down Boston Harbor, until colonies pay for the wasted tea.

Resolves

Colonies should be the one that tax each other not the British, so it will be fair.

Charles Cornwallis

Commanding general of the British forces that were defeated at Yorktown in Oct. 19, 1781, ending the American Revolution.

Nonimportation Agreements

Consumer boycott that say don't by products from Britain and support American products.

Second Continental

Convened in May 1775, this time all the colony came. the Congress holds complete responsibility for the war. offered peace saying that we will be loyal to the king, however we will not follow the parliament and we're not going to pay taxes. King George III rejected the petition. -George Washington lead the army, and appointed the comittee to draft the Declaration of Independence

First Continental Congress

Delagates from all colonies except georgia met in Philadelphia to discuss the next moves and problems with britain and also to promote independence. The goals was to boycott british products and establish new colonial goverment.

House of Commons

Elected by men who held significant amount of money

Lower House of Assembly

Elected men who held properties -colonies ~2/3 of the men are qualified to vote

3. Explain the major differences that exist between the First and Second Continental Congress.

First Continental Congress>>>> Delagates from all colonies except georgia met in Philadelphia to discuss the next moves and problems with britain and also to promote independence. The goals was to boycott british products and establish new colonial goverment. Second Continental Congress>>>> Convened in May 1775, this time all the colony came. the Congress holds complete responsibility for the war. offered peace saying that we will be loyal to the king, however we will not follow the parliament and we're not going to pay taxes. King George III rejected the petition. -George Washington lead the army, and appointed the comittee to draft the Declaration of Independence

Thomas Paine

Former immigrate and the tax collector from England. Wrote an article called Common Sense: everyone should put their differences aside and force on writing their own rules.

Marquis de Lafayette

French volunteer general

Baron Von Steuben

German volunteer; came over to help train the Patriots

6. Explain the concept of taxation without representation? Why did the colonials consider this to be a problem?

In 1765, Britain created 3 different acts to imposed on the colonies. The colonies were upset because they weren't able to have a say in it, which created the idea of taxation without representation. The colonies would start to protest about the Acts because it wasn't fair.

7. Describe the connection between the Boston Tea Party and Coercive Acts.

In 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Indians dumped and valuable tea into (the water) Boston Harbor. The coercive act is closing down Boston Harbor until the colonies pay for the wasted tea.

Boston Tea Party

In 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor.

8. Explain the Boston Massacre in detail.

In Boston of 1770, British guards (red coat) discharges and opened fire on a crowd killing five people, when the colonies were protesting.

2. Explain the changes for the African Americans both during and following the Revolutionary War.

In the Revolutionary war, gaining freedom was the strongest motive for black slaves. They are either to joined the Patriot or British armies. If they join the British, they are promised freedom, when the British wins the war. Towards the end of the war, large landowners voluntarily freeing their slaves. -feeling strongly that freedom is coming -by 1810, 20,000 slave from the south were free

Preamble

Introduction to the Constitution, beginning, "We the People of the United States..."

Minutemen

Known for their quick response battles

Manumission

Large land owners voluntarily freeing their slaves. -feeling strongly that freedom is coming -by 1810, 20,000 slave from the south were free

Lord William Howe

Leader of the Battle of Bunker Hill. He order a full attack on the Patriot in the middle of the day.

Natural Rights

Life and liberty should not be taken away by the government.

John Adams

One of the most prominent Massachusetts lawyers at the time. He encouraged the protest of the colonists.

Valley Forge

Place where Washington's army spent a very difficult winter (1777-1778)

Common Sense

Published in 1776, A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation >>> Everyone should put their differences aside and focused on writing their own rules.

5. How did the ideas of Common Sense help to lead to the independence of the Colonials?

Published in 1776, A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation >>> Everyone should put their differences aside and focused on writing their own rules.<<< - it hits home with the colonies and loyalist and built momentum.

Mercenaries

Soldiers for hire, pay to fight for foreign country

4. Describe how the Battle of Bunker Hill proved to be the major turning point in the Revolutionary War.

The Battle of Bunker Hill is when Howe order a full attack on the Patriots in the middle of the day. The British won in terms of number but loses more than twice the amount of men as the Patriots. >>>> this give the patriots advantage, took out X amount of soldiers, and the British never understood what they were fighting for, no motivation (cause was to take over colonies). The patriots wanted freedom and not having to pay taxes.

Patrick Henry

The representative of the state of Virginia. Came up with a plan known as the Virginia Resolves: a document that said the colonies should be the one that tax each other, not the British.

Abigail Adams

Wife of John Adams. started a group called the republican ~~~~~something~~~~. Speak up about what is wrong and treating woman as equal in society.

House of Lords

aristocrat with inherited title and legislative power

Loyalists

colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence - they thought the British was going to win the war

Militia

full time farmers and part time soldiers

Sugar Act

law passed by the British Parliament setting taxes on molasses and sugar imported by the colonies. Court systems were created to collect taxes from the colonies who didn't pay.

Committees of Correspondence

one of the groups set up by American colonists to exchange information about British threats to their liberties

Town shed Act

put a tax on glass, lead, paint, paper and tea