US History Final Exam Review

During Reconstruction, southern governments

Shut down public schools to avoid having to teach African Americans

In 1966 the slogan "Black Power" was first used by

Stokely Carmichael.

The Cold War became global because

Strife in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America was seen as a part of the conflict between the United States and USSR.

The civil rights organization that sprang from the sit-ins was the

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee.

By 1960, nearly one-third of Americans lived in

Suburbs.

The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)

Targeted the film industry.

Although the Freedmen's Bureau mostly dealt with labor relations, these often spilled over into matters of

Taxation.

One reason that Kennedy could become a vocal supporter of the civil rights movement was

That the civil rights movement was gaining broad-based support.

rights movement of the 1950s except

The "Southern Manifesto" that was issued in Congress.

Congress passed which of the following laws to suppress dissent?

The Espionage Act.

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was created in 1947 by

The National Security Act.

All of the following except __________ were part of President Johnson's Great Society Program

The Peace Corps

Who helped Ho Chi Minh's Viet Minh in their fight against the French?

The People's Republic of China.

The United States was able to claim victory in the Cold War when

The Soviet Union could not prevent the disintegration of its pro-Soviet allies in Eastern Europe.

Why, according to George Kennan, did the United States have to embrace a policy of containment?

The Soviet state entertained expansive tendencies.

In the months leading up to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor,

The United States cut off oil exports to Japan.

The United States responded to reports of the Holocaust in all of the following ways except which of the following?

The United States relaxed immigration quotas to admit all Jewish refugees from Europe.

Which of the following is a source of the conflict between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)?

The belief that capitalism and Communism cannot coexist.

All of the following refer to Plessy v. Ferguson except

The lower court found that segregation was in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution even if railroad facilities were substantially equal for both races..

According to social Darwinists, what was the cause of human inequality?

The natural struggle for survival ensured the elevation of the fittest.

Why was there a shortage of agricultural workers in the South during Reconstruction?

Thousands of emancipated blacks left the South to pursue opportunities in the North.

Why did Congress create the Freedmen's Bureau in 1865?

To assist in the distribution of confiscated land to former slaves.

Why did Congress enact the "Ku-Klux Act" in 1871?

To help southern states fight white organized crime.

President Harry S. Truman ordered the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

To persuade Japan to surrender.

What was the intent of the Tenure of Office Act?

To prevent the president from firing a cabinet member without consent of the Senate.

What was the principal goal of terrorist organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan?

To restore white supremacy in the South.

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were

Tried, convicted, and executed for conspiring to steal American atomic information

The Montgomery Bus Boycott demonstrated that

Triumph could result from combining federal action with black courage.

How did the U.S. development of the nuclear bomb affect U.S.-Soviet relations?

U.S. secrecy about the development of the bomb further strained U.S.-Soviet relations.

According to the rationale of Franklin D. Roosevelt's "Brains Trust," the maldistribution of wealth led to

Underconsumption

The GI Bill of 1944 provided veterans with

Up to three years' college education paid for by the federal government.

The term "disfranchisement" refers to the process by which African Americans were denied the right to

Vote.

President Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction required 10 percent of what group to swear future loyalty to the United States?

Voting population of a state in 1860.

By 1900 what percent of manufacturing workers were either immigrants or children of immigrants?

75.

How many men are estimated to have died in the Civil War?

750000

That there were more than 300 race riots in American cities can be explained as

A dramatization of the conflict between the promises of the Great Society programs and the reality of life in black America.

How many voters would have had to swear allegiance to the Union under the Wade-Davis Bill?

A majority.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was

A mutual defense treaty made up of European and North American nations pledged to protect one another in case of an attack by the Soviet Union.

All of the following except __________ were used to disfranchise black voters.

Admissions tickets.

What group formed the backbone of the Republican Party in the South during Reconstruction?

African Americans.

What criticism did radical Republicans have of the Freedmen's Bureau?

Agents sided with landowners against the interests of freed people too often.

Adolf Hitler's Nazi regime was built on

All of the above

American workers during the 1950s enjoyed

All of the above.

During the 1950s, Native Americans, Hispanics, and African Americans

All of the above.

One of the results of the sit-ins was

All of the above.

Progressives can be characterized as

All of the above.

The War Industries Board created by Wilson was created to regulate

All of the above.

The battles of Midway and Coral Sea resulted in

All of the above.

The term "Jim Crow" refers to

All of the above.

Which of the following is true of Kristallnacht?

All of the above.

Progressivism was

An alternative option for social change to the more radical forms, such as socialism.

What group finally decided the presidential race in 1876 in favor of the Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes?

An appointed electoral commission composed of a majority of Republicans.

In 1941, labor organizer A. Philip Randolph pressured President Franklin D. Roosevelt to

Ban racial discrimination in defense industries.

As a result of the Voting Rights Act of 1965,

Black voter registration in Mississippi grew from 6 to 44 percent.

"Boss" rule in city governments was possible because

City bosses could trade municipal jobs for votes.

The Tet Offensive

Coalesced Americans' worries that the war was not going as well as they were being told because the North Vietnamese were able to launch such an impressive strike so deep into South Vietnam.

General MacArthur's early successes in Korea were reversed when

Communist Chinese forces entered the war on the side of North Korea.

Many whites, particularly those in the South, refused to accept the Brown decision. They sought to protect segregation and Jim Crow laws by all of the following except

Compliance with the decision.

Black Codes

Confined black freedoms with laws that singled out blacks for unequal treatment.

What first symbolized the transfer of initiative in Reconstruction from the executive to the legislative branch?

Congress overriding President Johnson's veto of the Civil Rights Act and the extension of the Freedmen's Bureau.

Joseph McCarthy spearheaded an anti-Communist hysteria that

Destroyed the lives of thousands of Americans.

Between 1860 and 1898

Each statement is correct.

The counterculture was a disruptive force in the 1960s where the war, civil rights, and individual rights were concerned because it

Encouraged Americans to question authority and conventional values.

Executive Order 8802

Established a Fair Employment Practices Committee.

Unlike their predecessors, progressives were comfortable with

Expanding government power to implement change.

Who headed the Freedmen's Bureau?

General Oliver Otis Howard.

All of the following except __________ caused Americans to be fearful in the late 1950s.

Global warming.

The Fifteenth Amendment

Guaranteed all the men the right to vote

Most blacks who held elected office in southern states during Reconstruction

Had been free in the prewar period.

Why did President Andrew Johnson say he vetoed the Civil Rights Act of 1866?

He doubted whether blacks were qualified for citizenship.

How did President Lincoln dispose of the Wade-Davis Bill?

He used the pocket veto.

What appeared to be John F. Kennedy's biggest handicap in the 1960 election?

His Catholic faith.

President Johnson's "war on poverty"

Implemented the Head Start program, which provided early schooling, meals, and medical exams for poor preschool-age children

How did most minstrel shows portray African Americans after the Civil War?

In gross racial stereotypes.

What was accomplished by the Second Reconstruction Act passed in July 1867?

It ensured black suffrage by placing the army in charge of voter registration.

What did the Reconstruction of Act of March 2, 1867, provide?

It established former Confederate states as territories and divided them into military districts.

What was the first accomplishment of the Fourteenth Amendment?

It overruled the Dred Scott case defining citizenship.

How did sharecropping help shape the social system of the postwar South?

It tied the southern economy to agriculture, particularly cotton.

Five days following the bombing of Nagasaki,

Japanese Emperor Hirohito announced Japan's unconditional surrender.

The last great land rush in the continental United States occurred in 1893 in

Oklahoma.

Progressive presidents, like progressive Americans, wanted

Orderly, managed change.

What was A. Philip Randolph best known for?

Organizing a union for sleeping car porters.

The Axis Powers included all of the following except

Russia.

Southerners who collaborated with northerners after the Civil War were known as

Scalawags.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 did all of the following, except

Secure the rule of the Democratic Party that had enacted the law.

What labor system for former slaves developed soon after plantation owners reclaimed their land after the Civil War?

Sharecrop system.

Ida B. Wells-Barnett used which of the following tactics to expose the horrors of lynchings?

research, exposure in the popular press, and organization of investigators across the nation

Why did radicals call for the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson?

Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act.

Under the sharecrop system,

Landowners provided land, tools, seed, and work animals.

What effect did reports of violence against freed people have on Congress?

Moderate Republicans were radicalized.

The Gulf of Tonkin resolution

Provided a justification for the introduction of American troops.

During World War II, army leadership struggled to preserve

Racial traditions of segregation.

In return for the withdrawal of Soviet missiles in Cuba, the United States

Removed obsolete missiles from Turkey.

What is meant by the term "redemption"?

Restoration of local, white control in former Confederate states.

Among other things, the "Crisis of the 1890s" referred to...

The powerlessness of the American government against the power of wealth.

What prompted moderate Republicans to grow increasingly more radical during Reconstruction?

The violence aimed at freed people.

Progressives who believed that science and God were on their side believed that

Their solutions should be forced on Americans.

About the Soviet Union, George Kennan wrote that

There can be no peaceful coexistence between capitalism and socialism.

Who started the violence in Haymarket Square in Chicago in 1886?

Why did Congress create the Freedmen's Bureau in 1865?

In a famous speech in 1896, __________ said, "You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind on a cross of gold."

William Jennings Bryan.