us history final review

Jerry Falwell, one of the leaders of the New Right, promoted A. the influence of evangelicals on conservative political thought. B. the influence of conservative economic ideas on the Republican party. C. the influence of evangelicals on national education reform. D. the influence of liberal social ideas on the Republican party.

A.

The Truman Doctrine was established because of fears that A. communism would spread to other countries. B. the Soviet Union would invade Eastern Europe. C. U.S. allies would not have enough economic aid after World War II. D. an international force was not strong enough to face the Communist threat.

A.

What event led to the decisive movement away from isolationism in the United States? A. attack on Pearl Harbor B. Battle of the Bulge C. Battle of Britain D. dropping of the atomic bomb

A.

You have a row of dominoes set up, you knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is the certainty that it will go over very quickly. So you could have a beginning of a disintegration that would have the most profound influences. What point is President Eisenhower making here with his domino analogy? A. When free elections are established in one country, the seeds of democracy are planted in its neighboring countries as well. B. There is no point supporting one colonial government when others are undergoing decolonization. C. If Vietnam were to fall to the communists, it would only be a matter of time before its neighbors followed suit. D. Vietnam is merely the latest in a chain reaction of colonies seeking independence that began decades ago.

C.

In 1992, Bill Clinton campaigned on the idea that government was important but should be more efficient in order to attract both A. liberal and Democratic voters. B. conservative and liberal voters. C. independent and conservative voters. D. liberal and independent voters.

B

Why was the Selective Service System criticized as another example of social injustice? A. It tended to ignore qualified black recruits in favor of less qualified whites. B. It resulted in recruitment of people from poor or working-class backgrounds. C. It was completely random with no consideration given to a recruit's qualifications. D. It made it more difficult for willing volunteers to enlist in the service.

B

"A potential aggressor must know that he cannot always prescribe battle conditions to suit him. . . . The way to deter aggression is for the free community to be willing and able to respond vigorously at places and with means of his choosing." —John Foster Dulles, 1954 In this text, Dulles announced the policy of A. brinksmanship. B. massive retaliation. C. peaceful co-existence. D. mutually assured destruction.

B.

"I have here in my hand a list of 205 (individuals) that were known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who are nevertheless still working and shaping the policy of the State Department" This statement was made by A. George Marshall B. Joseph McCarthy C. Richard Nixon D. Margaret Chase Smith

B.

According to the chart, which group did not advocate nonviolent resistance as a means of advancing civil rights? A. the Nation of Islam B. the Black Panther Party C. the Congress on Racial Equality D. the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

B.

American intervention in Lebanon ended after A. order was restored in the nation. B. a brutal attack against American forces. C. it was determined that war was imminent. D. the Lebanese government asked the U.S. military to leave.

B.

How are Pop Art works like Andy Warhol's Campbell's Soup can paintings and Roy Lichtenstein's comic book paintings representative of 1960s counterculture? A. They represent American superiority. B. They reject traditional ideas about art. C. They embrace American consumer culture. D. They celebrate a utopian free-love attitude.

B.

How did the government respond to conditions in Love Canal, New York? A. It designated toxic waste areas as superfund sites to address public health concerns. B. It passed the Clean Water Act to prevent the dumping of chemicals in rivers and lakes. C. It founded the Environmental Protection Agency to investigate and prosecute severe polluters. D. It temporarily suspended the building of new nuclear power plants for nearly a quarter century.

B.

The Edmund Pettus Bridge, in Selma, AL, became a symbol of A. the failure of nonviolent tactics. B. the determination of the civil rights movement. C. the economic focus of the civil rights movement. D. television's power to influence elections.

B.

The Eisenhower Doctrine promised aid to any Middle Eastern nations threatened by communism. Why was this doctrine inspired in part by the Suez Canal Crisis? A. Eisenhower thought that Egypt might use Soviet forces to hold on to the canal. B. Eisenhower believed that communist influence was growing in Egypt. C. Eisenhower wanted to prevent communist countries from using the canal. D. Britain and France had tried to regain the canal with Soviet help.

B.

The Eisenhower administration transformed the American landscape forever by A. maintaining national parks B. funding highway construction that helped the suburbs spread C. providing low interest loans to homebuyers D. strengthening national defense

B.

The Hungarian revolt of 1956 was encouraged partly by A. John Foster Dulles's policy of brinkmanship. B. the hope that Khrushchev would be less repressive than Stalin. C. the end of the Cold War. D. a communist takeover within the Hungarian government.

B.

The Montgomery bus boycott became a model for the civil rights movement of the early 1960s because it showed that A. litigation through the justice system was the best way to challenge segregation. B. nonviolent protest by ordinary people could bring about change. C. only a violent uprising could capture the attention of politicians. D. progress could not be made unless protesters from across the nation arrived to help the cause.

B.

The lunch counter "sit-ins" were meant to A. antagonize the restaurant owners. B. draw attention to segregation and challenge the law. C. provoke police intervention. D. bring racism to the public's attention.

B.

The reasoning behind the U.S. military's island-hopping strategy was to A. advance in incremental steps while waiting for naval reinforcements. B. only engage enemy forces on islands that offered a direct route to Japan. C. avoid engagement on islands controlled by the Japanese at all costs. D. assume control of the Philippines in order to cut off Japanese supply routes.

B.

Which decision did President Truman make that most significantly altered the course of the war? A. dividing Germany into four zones of occupation B. dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki C. asking for Soviet assistance in the war against Japan D. agreeing to diplomatic talks with the Soviet Union

B.

Which of the following American entrepreneurs was involved in the retail merchandising business? A. Ray Kroc B. Sam Walton C. Estee Lauder D. Kemmons Wilson

B.

Why did American and British forces plan a massive invasion of Western Europe? A. to maintain control of Atlantic shipping routes B. to open a second front and put the Axis forces on the defensive C. to avenge Pearl Harbor D. to help the Soviets, who were battling Japanese forces in Stalingrad and Leningrad

B.

Why did radical Iranian students storm the U.S. embassy in Tehran and take 66 Americans as hostages? A. They were protesting the United States' military involvement in Vietnam. B. They were protesting the United States' continued support of Iran's former dictator. C.They were protesting the United States' refusal to intervene during the genocide in Cambodia. D.They were protesting the United States' role in the Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt.

B.

Why is the Treaty of Versailles considered a cause of WWII? A. the treaty failed to establish an international organization to mediate conflict B. the treaty demanded huge reparations from Germany, causing economic turmoil, political chaos and a need for revenge C. the treaty included Japan as a victor, on equal footing with France, England, and the U.S. D. the treaty divided up conquered territories along ethnic and national borders, and granted sovreignity to indigenous peoples.

B.

The importance of television in the presidential election of 1960 suggested that A. fewer people had televisions in their homes. B. television was more powerful than radio. C. voters might be swayed by appearances rather than by issues. D. civil rights would become an important issue.

C.

The integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, followed which landmark Supreme Court case? A. Sweatt v. Painter B. Plessy v. Ferguson C. Brown v. Board of Education D. Hernandez v. Texas

C.

The theory of supply-side economics involved A. deregulating major industries in order to promote economic growth. B. providing tax incentives to businesses who hire low-income workers. C. lowering taxes for all Americans as a means of collecting greater revenue. D. raising taxes for wealthy Americans and lowering them for the middle class.

C.

What explains the American public's reaction to President Gerald Ford's pardon of Richard Nixon? A. People were fearful that Nixon was still pulling the strings behind the scenes. B. People were relieved that the country would be spared a prolonged investigation and trial. C. People were angry because some suspected that Ford had made a secret deal with Nixon to gain the vice-presidency. D. People were impressed by their new president's ability to rise above the petty and vindictive sentiments surrounding the scandal.

C.

Why did the U.S. presence in Guam and the Philippines prior to the war create tension between Japan and America? A. U.S. presence in the region robbed the Japanese of important trading partners. B. U.S. presence in the region jeopardized Japan's access to important natural resources. C. U.S. presence threatened Japan's ability to establish itself as the most powerful nation in the region. D. Japan feared the U.S. would launch an attack on Japan from Guam or the Philippines.

C.

With the battle of Midway A. Japan succeeded in destroying U.S. aircraft carriers that were not destroyed at Pearl Harbor B. the United States and the Allies moved into an offensive position. C. the US stopped the Japanese advance in the Pacific, turning the tide of the war. D. the Japanese moved into an offensive position.

C.

How was the Peace Corps different from other foreign aid initiatives such as the Alliance for Progress? A. its promoting the spread of democracy B. its fostering better relations with Latin America C. its focus on Third World countries D. its emphasis on public service and volunteering

D

What military strategy did President Nixon employ in Vietnam early on in his presidency? A. the "Americanization" of foreign affairs B. a "massive retaliation" policy C. a "flexible response" policy D. the "Vietnamization" of combat operations

D

Which group of American citizens were forcibly denied their rights and civil liberties during the War? Germans Japanese Mexicans Italians

Japanese

How was the American public first made aware of the dangers of pesticides like DDT? A. a groundbreaking article in Time magazine B. a book by Rachel Carson entitled Silent Spring C. a consumer advocacy group formed by Ralph Nader D. a report by the Environmental Protection Agency

b.

How did U.S. policy in Vietnam change following the Tet Offensive? A. Policy makers thought the war unwinnable and began to negotiate for peace. B. The military focused on cutting off the enemy's overland supply routes in Thailand C. Troop levels on the ground were increased significantly. D. The military relied less on ground troops and more on sustained airstrikes.

A

The conservative agenda included all of the following except A. social programs for the poor. B. emphasis on traditional values. C. a strong stance against communism. D. lower taxes and less regulation of business.

A

What best describes the main difference between many American troops stationed in Vietnam before 1965 and those stationed there after that date? A. Many troops stationed there before 1965 were volunteers, while many of those after were drafted into the service. B. Many troops stationed there before 1965 were highly trained, while many of those after had little training. C. Many troops stationed there before 1965 were motivated by patriotism, while many of those after wanted GI Bill benefits. D. Many troops stationed there before 1965 were commissioned officers, while many of those after were enlisted.

A

What led to the success of Operation Overlord? A. The Allies convinced Hitler that the invasion would happen in Calais, causing him to order important forces away from the invasion site at Normandy. B. The Allies had already defeated Japan and could turn their full attention to the invasion of Europe. C. At all the landing sites at Normandy, the Allied troops met little resistance and could easily advance up the beaches. D. The navy of the Soviet Union sank many German U boats, helping troops from Britain and the United States to get across the English Channel safely.

A.

Which of the following was a religious leader known for his revivals? A. Billy Graham B. Jonas Salk C. Fulton Sheen D. Benjamin Spock

A.

During the Reagan administration, the United States experienced a trade imbalance with A. Germany. B. China. C. Japan. D. Mexico.

C

During the Vietnam War, African American soldiers A. were forced to serve in ill-equipped, segregated units. B. were barred from becoming commissioned officers or winning medals. C. made up a disproportionately high number of casualties. D. could only serve in peripheral, non-combat situations.

C

Ho Chi Minh's military doctrine hinged on fighting only when victory was assured, which meant never fighting on his opponents' terms. He compared his troops to a tiger, while the Americans were like an elephant. If the tiger stands still, the elephant will crush it. But if the tiger keeps moving and occasionally jumps on the elephant to take a bite out of it, the elephant will slowly bleed to death. What did Ho Chi Minh believe this strategy would ultimately accomplish against the American military? A. He believed that if the war went on long enough the South Vietnamese would grow tired of the conflict and surrender. B. He believed that if the North Vietnamese were patient enough they could defeat the American forces outright. C. He believed that if the North Vietnamese wore the American forces down enough they would eventually leave. D. He believed that if the North Vietnamese could just avoid defeat long enough the Chinese would eventually enter the war.

C

In what way was the United States' decision to support the French in Indochina a departure from its usual foreign policy? A. The U.S. did not usually intervene in Asian countries. B. The U.S. was concerned with the spread of communism in the west. C. The U.S. was generally in favor of decolonization. D. The U.S. tended to let European nations handle their own affairs.

C

President Reagan's decision to fire federal air traffic controllers who were on strike is an example of A. his desire to increase the efficiency of federal programs. B. his desire to increase federal defense spending. C. his support of the rights of business over labor. D. his support of deregulating transportation industries

C

Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of perestroika, or reform, involved A. negotiating peace with enemy nations. B.reducing the Soviet Union's nuclear arsenal. C. adopting elements of a free-market economy. D. opening the Soviet Union to international diplomacy.

C

What strategy did President Johnson's advisors Robert McNamara and General Westmoreland insist was necessary to winning the war in Vietnam? A. gradually ceding combat activities to the South Vietnamese army B. increasing naval presence in the Gulf of Tonkin to cut off the enemy supply lines C. committing more troops and taking a more active role in combat activities D. withdrawing troops on the ground in favor of more surgical airstrikes

C

How did the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 affect Mexican immigrants in the U.S.? A. It required that all illegal immigrants register for temporary worker visas or risk deportation. B. It tightened immigration restrictions and reduced the number of immigrants coming into the U.S. dramatically. C. It eliminated national quotas for immigrants and led to a surge in immigration from Mexico in the 1960s and 1970s. D. It led to the deportation of thousands of Mexican immigrants who had come to the U.S. under the bracero program in the 1940s and 1950s.

C.

How did the protests at Birmingham and the March on Washington bring about the Civil Rights Act of 1964? A. These events showed that poverty was directly related to racism. B. These events persuaded lawmakers to end segregation in transportation. C. They helped swing public opinion in favor of civil rights legislation. D. They convinced Southern Democrats to end racism in the South.

C.

One of the outcomes of the Camp David Accords was that A.Egypt agreed to withdraw its troops from the Sinai Peninsula. B.Israel agreed to restore Palestinian lands to their pre-1948 levels. C.Israel agreed to restore its borders with Egypt to their pre-1967 levels. D.Egypt agreed to withdraw its troops from the Palestinian-controlled West Bank.

C.

Some Americans—both men and women—openly challenged the women's movement. Phyllis Schlafly, for example, is a conservative political activist who denounced women's liberation as "a total assault on the family, on marriage, and on children." She worked hard to defeat the ERA, arguing that the act would compel women to fight in the military, end sex-segregated bathrooms, and hurt the family. Her argument resonated with many conservatives. Due to conservative opposition, the ERA fell three states short of becoming a constitutional amendment. Phyllis Schlafly's message most likely resonated with the members of which group? A. the hippies in the Haight Ashbury B. the National Organization for Women C.the "silent majority" referred to by Nixon D.the so-called "second wave" of American feminists

C.

The Persian Gulf War was triggered by A. the desire to bring democracy to nations in the Middle East. B. Iraq's threat to Israel. C.fears that Iraq's annexation of Kuwait would threaten world oil supplies. D.the expansion of al Qaeda.

C.

The counterculture in the 1960s promoted the values of A. capitalism, materialism, and big business. B. obedience, conformity, and respect for authority. C. nonconformity, personal freedom, racial equality, and self-fulfillment. D. hard work and the postponement of pleasure

C.

"Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. . . . The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation. No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory." —President Franklin Roosevelt, December 8, 1941 What was President Roosevelt's purpose in this speech? A. to make the first announcement of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor B. to explain Japan's military strategy C. to try to excite the fears of Americans D. to ask for a declaration of war on Japan

D.

According to the chart, the Twenty-fourth Amendment was passed in order to A. facilitate racial integration in schools. B. allow better job opportunities to minorities. C. give the federal government more authority. D. increase participation in the political process.

D.

How did World War II change the employment situation for women? A. The wartime standard of "equal pay for equal work" meant that women earned the same as men who did the same work. B. The number of young women in the work force increased because they could do heavy wartime work, but older women were pushed out of the work force. C. Women were needed on the home front so they were less likely to work once married. D. More women were able to find jobs in manufacturing and other fields not traditionally considered to be women's work.

D.

How did the idea of realpolitik shape the United States' handling of the Cold War? A. It allowed President Nixon to use military force to end worldwide communist movements immediately. B. It gave President Nixon the option to engage any nation depending on U.S. commercial interests. C. It allowed President Nixon to discontinue alliances with nations the United States could no longer help economically. D. It justified President Nixon's establishing relations with nations that the United States opposed ideologically.

D.

President Clinton was impeached on charges of A. fraud and tax evasion B. embezzlement C. insider trading D. perjury and obstruction of justice

D.

The Beatniks' attitudes and appearance was A. the product of poverty and illiteracy. B. meant to imitate hippie culture. C. a sign of their conservative politics. D. a reaction against postwar conformity and materialism.

D.

The Equal Pay Act, sponsored by the Kennedy administration, aimed to benefit which working group most? A. African Americans B. Mexican Americans C. war veterans D. women

D.

The decision in Tinker v. Des Moines (1969), in which high school students sued after being suspended for wearing black armbands in protest against the Vietnam War, further defined A. the definition of cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment. B. the right to due process of law under the Fifth Amendment. C. what constitutes peaceful assembly under the First Amendment. D. free speech in a publically funded institution under the First Amendment.

D.