us history - quiz 1
Slavery
A system of enforced servitude in which some people are owned by other people. The europeans took people from africa and has them as their slaves.
What entities helped investors pool their money to support a settlement in the new world?
Joint Stock Companies
Middle Colonies How was government organized?
Just like the other colonies the way the government was organized was by frequent town meetings and they were a way of self-government
What war resulted from English settlers invoking Puritan Laws on the Wampanoag Nation?
King Phillips War
Clashes between settlers and Native Americans occurred, in part, because Native Americans did not recognize _______
Land Treaties
Southern Colonies Relative Location
Southeast part of north america
New England What were prominent religions?
Puritanism (Non-Separatist Puritans, and Separatist Puritans
Middle Colonies What were prominent religions?
Quakers, Jews, Catholics, Lutherans, and Presbytarians were the religious groups that had significant numbers in the colonies.
Southern Colonies What were prominent religions?
Religions: Anglican (Baptist or Presbyterian) Catholic
What Jamestown governor levied taxes on poor white settlers, creating hostility?
Sir William (Lord) Berkley
What similarities of the Colonies made life "Better" than many Europeans?
Political freedom compared to european counterparts (democratic governmental tendencies) Healthier overall and better standard of living More social and economic mobility
What natural land barrier acted as a border for the colonies and prevented them from exploring the west?
The Appalachian Mountains
What did the Native Americans likely use to cross into North America?
The Bering Strait, a land bridge caused by the Ice Age between Asia and North America.
New England How was the government organized?
The English colonies were royal and charter colonies. The New England colonies had a governor, a court system, and a governor's court.
New England What products were made there?
Products that were exported from New England were iron, wheat, livestock, whale oil, fish, and rum.
The Puritans emigrated to create a new model society, unlike the Jamestown Colonists who were only interested in...
Profits
Southern Colonies Political Systems
Proprietary Government (Maryland) Royal Government (the other southern colonies)
______ was the second permanent English colony in North America
Plymouth
Under what system were workers lured to work in Jamestown with the promise of a paid voyage and 50 acres of land?
Headright System
Headright System
Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists.
What entity served as the first representative body in America?
House of Burgess
First English settlement
Jamestown
What settlement was formed by 3 ships from the Virginia Company sailing up a coastal river?
Jamestown
Southern Colonies Physical Features
The southern colonies are mostly made of coastal plains and piedmont areas. Warm climate and good soil.
What crop was considered "brown gold", and what was the "headright system" that was used in Jamestown?
"Brown gold" was the tobacco that is a cross breed of tobacco from Brazil and a harsh strain of the weed grown by Native Americans. The "headright system" was created to attract settlers to work in the tobacco fields. The "headright system" made it so anyone who paid for their trip or anothers trip to Virginia was given 50 acres of land.
Southern Colonies How was the government organized?
(Maryland) One person or a group of people controlled the government and reported back to the king. They control everything and nobody else has a say. (others) Ruled by the crown but run by the governor who reports directly to the king. There is a colony legislature of the elite who were assigned by the governor but elected by the others in the colony. Only white men over the age of 18 who owned land in the colony could vote or be elected. The government was democratic. The decisions were usually made at the county level, and laws made by the legislature but also can be revoked by the governor and the crown. The colonists controlled the salary of the governor giving them some control.
Southern Colonies How were governors selected?
(Maryland) The king gave a land grant to those people who "own" the land. (others) The crown decided the governor.
Excluding Hawaii and Alaska, the estimate for the Native American population before 1942 was ___________.
10 million to 100 million
How long did people live in North America before Columbus?
10,000 years
King James I
1566-1625 King of England who, in 1606, gave the Virginia Company of London a charter to set up a colony in Virginia
What was a "joint stock" company?
A joint stock company allowed several people to share the responsibilities, stock, and risk in a company.
Southern Colonies Economic Systems
Almost entirely based on farming Rice, indigo, tobacco, sugarcane, cotton (cash crops) South Carolina became one of the centers of the American slave trade in the 1700s They has an agricultural economy
Mayflower Compact
Although the Pilgrims almed for Virginla, their ship, the Mayflower, strayed far off course to Cape Cod. The Pilgrims knew that New England lay too far north for their colonial charter to be valld. They were also afraid that non-Pilgrim passengers would challenge their authorlty. Before departing the ship, the Pilgrim men signed a compact, or agreement, in which they created a civil government and pledged loyalty to the king. Some of their signatures are reproduced above. The Mayflower Compact stated that the purpose of their government in America would be to frame "just and equal laws . . . for the general good of the colony." Laws approved by the majority would be binding on Pligrims and non-Pilgrims alike. The document became a landmark of American democratic government.
What Religious Leader was banished by the Puritans for preaching that worshipers didn't the need church to interpret the Bible for them?
Anne Hutchinson
According to the author, how have black Americans "Live up to its founding ideals", including Black rights, gay rights, women's rights, immigrant rights and rights for the disabled.
Black Americans have fought and protested for centuries for the rights themselves and paved the way for rights of many other people. With Black Americans resisting and fighting for the right causes, it seems that America has formed its ideals of "freedom for all". Despite being abused in this country, Black Americans have fought for this country in major wars. And despite being treated badly by their own fellow Americans, even though they were in the same army, they still fought for this country. From the inspiration of Black Americans fighting for their rights, other people have fought for their rights, including women, immigrants, gay and disabled people. This is what the authour means when they said Black Americans have helped America truly be what it was meant to be in the first place.
The Massachusetts Bay Colony had what port town as its capital
Boston
13 Colonies
British colonies located along the Atlantic Ocean in North America
What was the name of the high-quality tobacco that was mixed by John Rolfe to export to Europe?
Brown Gold
______ are crops grown on large farms in large amounts meant for trade, such as tobacco and sugar cane
Cash Crops
______ was the transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and people between the Americas and Asia, Africa, and Europe
Columbian Exchange
Were Native american communities organized and sophisticated?
Communities were organized by the certain roles that each person played. A community's organization was based on the climate they were in. Communities were sophisticated enough to have representatives that they would send to make decisions for each group. It is organized because tribes mainly look for food supply, which is the first need on the Maslow pyramid. Which was their only problem but at the time they were making jewelry, art, music, religion, and politics that would be classified as Self-Actualization because it shows different ways of tribes expressing themselves.
What factors led to battles between settlers and natïve americans.
Cultural clashes and the settlers wanted to take whatever they wanted from Native American villages and raided them which led to war.
What were the original 13 colonies?
Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island
Why did many settlers die once they arrived?
Disease, malnutrition and starvation
Middle Colonies Challenges for Colonists.
Due to the natural hot climate they suffered from multiple diseases
Middle Colonies What products were made there?
Factories produced iron goods, paper, and textiles. Like the grain, these products were used in the colonies as well as shipped to England.
New England What natural resources were there?
Fish, whales, trees (timber)
What businesses helped New England support its economy?
Fur Ship Building Fishing (looked to the sea for a source of income) timber( they desperately needed it to build houses, furniture, ships and more) Whaling(whale oil was valuable for lamps and to make soap) triangular trade - raw goods, rum, slaves, sugar, manfactured goods and more (new englanders prospered off of the atlantic trading network.) boston served as a huge trading and shipping port for New England
Who made Nathanial Bacon (mattybraps??) rebel against Jamestown because they wouldn't support raising an Army to fight the Native Americans?
Governor Berkley
Native Americans needed more land than the colonists to...
Hunt, Fish, and Farm
What people were "half-way between slavery and freedom?"
Indentured Servants
Middle Colonies What natural resources were there?
Iron ore, good soil, and wood from the forests.
New England How much religious freedom was there?
Little to none which is hypocritical because the Puritans went to the colonies to gain religious but most people could not freely practice their religion
The main reason that food production differed among Native American societies was because of their ________.
Locations
_____ are unprocessed natural resources (like wood, cotton, food crops, and metals)
Manufactured Goods
COLONIAL REGION : SOUTHERN STATES STATES IN THE REGION
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.:
_____________ was a pyramid that ranked how developed a community was based on how many basic needs each community met.
Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs
What did the video use to explain what a complex society is?
Maslow's hierarchy of needs.He explains each of the 5 needs which are Physiological needs, security/safety,love and belonging,self esteem and self actualization. Maslow believed that in order to mover to the next need you have to master the previous one. Physiological needs means eating,oxygen,shelter, and excretion.
COLONIAL REGION : NEW ENGLAND STATES IN THE REGION:
Massachusetts(which included Maine), Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticut
________ stated that the purpose of the their government in America was to frame , in part, "just and equal laws".
Mayflower Compact
______ was an economic practice of European colonial powers that used colonies for the benefit of the mother country
Mercantilism
_____ was the trip slaves were forced to take from Africa to the Americas. Conditions were horrible and many died of diseases, starvation, and abuse
Middle Passage
Why was Nathanial Bacon frustrated with Governor Berkeley of Jamestown?
Nathaniel Bacon was frustrated with Governor Berkeley because he wasn't using the tax money to give the frontier settlers a military to protect themselves. They were in a fight with the Native Americans. Bacon created a rebellion to go assist the frontier settlers. Governor Berkley got mad at this so Bacon stormed Jamestown sending Governor Berkley fleeing.
What are the three regions of colonies:
New England Colonies, Middle Colonies, and Southern Colonies
How did New England (Boston) benefit from the Triangular Trade?
New England benefited from the Triangular Trade because they sent raw materials to England and received manufactured goods and slaves. Boston developed into a major trading port.
What were the original colonies divided into?
New England, Mid-Atlantic, and Southern
COLONIAL REGION :Middle Colonies STATES IN THE REGION
New York Pennslyvannnia Delaware New Jersey
Southern Colonies What products were made there?
No products were made thye mostly relied on agriculture
New England Relative Location
Northeast of North America, East of New York and anything North of Manhattan
What member of the Powhatan Nation married John Rolfe of Jamestown but did little to bring peace to the two societies?
Pocahantas
Southern Colonies Challenges for Colonists.
Outbreaks of malaria and yellow fever,
Southern Colonies How did people make a living?
People made a living by getting slaves from africa and selling different crops.
Middle Colonies How did people make a living?
People made a living by growing crops, logging, shipbuilding, producing textiles, and making paper. There were also alot of craftsman.
New England How did people make a living?
People made a living using the timber up north as a means for trade. Fur trade, ship building, fishing, whaling are included in the many businesses they had there. The English colonies also prospered using the Triangular Trade.
Indentured Servants
People who could not afford passage to the colonies could become indentured servants. Another person would pay their passage, and in exchange, the indentured servant would serve that person for a set length of time (usually seven years) and then would be free.
The first major conflict between the Native Americans and the colonists was the _______ War. 500-600 Native Americans died.
Pequot
_________, known as separatists, fled from England in 1620 to escape religious prosecution
Pilgrims
New England Physical Features
Rocky coastline made it good for harbors, rocky soil that made it hard to farm. The towns were closely packed together which made social interaction very easy and available.
Who stated that "Forced religion stinks in the nostrils of God"?
Roger Williams
Disgusted by the turmoil in Virginia in 1624, King James I revoked the joint stock company's charter, and made Virginia this?
Royal Colony
Effect of Settlements on Native Americans
Settlers began to take Native American lands creating conflicts. Natives did not have the concept of owning something that the Settlers had. In addition, diseases that the Settlers brought over wiped out many entire tribes and have devastating effects on the overall Native population
Name two reasons that European efforts to impose their ways on Native Americans never succeeded fully.
The Europeans efforts to impose their ways on Native Americans never fully succeeded because the Europeans needed to borrow from the Natice Americans. The Native Americans also resisted giving up their cultural identities. They fought so hard to not lose their societies and then they fought to keep their identities.
House of Burgess
The House of Burgesses served as the first representative body in colonial AmerIca. The House first met in Jamestown on July 30, 1619, and included two citizens, or burgesses, from each of Virginia's eleven districts. The House clalmed the authority to ralse taxes and make laws However, the English governor had the right to veto any legislation the House passed. While the House represented a limited constituen-cy. since only white male landowners could vote it contributed to the development of representative government in English America. A century and a half after its founding, the House of Burgesses would supply delegates to the Continental Congress the revolutionary body that orchestrated the break from Great Britain.
Middle Colonies How were governors selected?
The King appointed a royal governor and council to rule the colonies directly in his name. Royal colonies held local elections to select a representative assembly. New York was a royal colony.
What similarities and differences existed among Native American Social Structures?
The Native American Tribes' Social Structures all had elders instructing the young and the young honoring their elders and ancestors. The labor was divided based on gender, age, and/or status. All of the social structures have the basic unit of the organization which was the family. The family included distant relatives. Some tribes have families in clans. Between the tribes, the family items ownership varied. The women in the Iroquois and Hopi owned the household items and families traced through the women's ancestry. Other Native American Cultures have it with the men in the roles women were in for Iroquois and Hopi. Also, some of the Native American groups didn't stay together and only came together on special occasions.
What group of people did John Smith persuade to provide his settlement with food?
The Powhatans
How does the author describe that African Americans have been "perfectors of this democracy."
The author explains that the black Americans have been, and continue to be, the foundation to America's idea of freedom, through earning rights for all kinds of people: gay, of color, and women. They are also the ones that are thought about, when thinking of American freedom, because they were once held in bondage and were able to change America for the better. They protested for 100s of years which allowed for America's Declaration of Independence to be in its full fledge. And also, if not for the years of hard work that Black people served, America's democracy would have been different, or there still would not be an existence of equality for the people of color.
Why where early years of colonies very difficult for settlers
The colonizers weren't used to living on their own. Most were aristocrats and artisans that had everything done for them so they had no experience (didn't know how to farm/fish/hunt). They died from disease or starvation as they searched for gold The land was hot, humid and mosquito infested They spent much time searching for non existing gold Between 1609 and 1700 there was starvation. There was the Anglo-Palahatan war.
How did the first arrival of European settlers affect Native American Societies?
The diseases the Europeans brought killed many within Native American Societies leaving them with not enough people to fight. They ended up being colonized by the Europeans. They tried to fight back and were successful in the beginning but they still ended up becoming slaves.
In what ways did food production differ among Native American societies?
The food production of the Native American Societies differed depending on what natural resources were available to them. In the California area, the Kashaya Pomo hunted waterfowl in the more desert-like south. The Yurok, who were in the northern rain forests, searched for acorns and fished in mountain streams. On the northwest coast the Kwakiutl, Nootka, and Haida collected shellfish and hunted for whales, sea otters, and seals since they were near the sea. In the southwest, which was dry and had a harsh environment, the Pueblo and Hop farmed corn, beans, melons, and squash. In the Eastern Woodlands, there were hardwood forests, and the tribes gathered and hunted for food in their surroundings.
New England How were governors selected?
The governors were selected by the King and Queen in England. They also chose the council members of the governor court
Who helped the colony from being entirely lost?
The indians
Middle Colonies Physical Features
The middle colonies had deep, rich soil. The fertile soil was good for farming. These colonies had mild winters and warm summers.
Middle Colonies Relative Location
The middle colonies was located in the middle of the Atlantic seaboard, with colonies like New Jersey, =] \New York, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.
Why were the Middle Colonies called the Breadbasket of America?
The middle colonies were called the breadbasket because of their climate and soil. They also produced a large amount of grains.
How was the middle colonies' economy diverse?
The middle colonies' states included New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. The middle colonies had more religious freedom, so many religions settled there. Many different European colonies came to the middle colonies, so they had diverse economics and populations. German, Dutch, French, Swedish, and other different European people resided there. Shipping, textiles, blacksmiths, cobblers, silversmiths, farming, and manufacturing were some of the many jobs that were done there. They also had busy sea ports.
Southern Colonies What natural resources were there?
The natural resources there were rich soil and cash crop such as Cash crops cotton tobacco rice indigo and sugar cane
Why did New England have more social interaction than other areas?
The people in New England (mainly in Boston) lived closer to each other, making them interact more often than when they would have spread out land.
What sacrifices did African American slaves make to "transform the lands to which they'd been brought to some of the most successful Colonies of the British Empire" (i.e. name some examples)
The slaves taught the English how to grow rice. They grew and picked cotton. They built plantations for many historical figures such as George Washington and Thomas Jefferson Unpaid They have been apart of the foundational to the idea of American freedom which helped with the influence of different resources being produced Peoples contributions to building the richest and most powerful nation in the world
The Triangular Trade explained
The triangular trade was the trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Raw materials like precious metals (gold and silver), tobacco, sugar and cotton went from the Americas to Europe. Manufactured goods like cloth and metal items went to Africa and the Americas. Finally, slaves went from Africa to the Americas to work. This trade created great profits for Europe. The lives of Native Americans were severely damaged or destroyed through violence and economic and environmental damage. African slaves also suffered horribly.
Middle Passage explained
The trip from Africa to the Americas hundreds of slaves were packed tightly into ships. Conditions were horrible. Diseases spread in the small spaces, and as many as 20% of Africans died before even arriving in the Americas. Survivors were sold into brutal slavery, working in mines or on farms growing cash crops.
Were there any sophisticated political organizations before the Europeans arrived.
There was a Representative council. The Iroquois Combined villages into nations. Men and Women both had power. Some groups would have a representative council and decide matters that included everyone
Middle Colonies How much religious freedom was there?
There was a lot of religious tolerance in the middle states.
Southern Colonies How much religious freedom was there?
There was not as much religious freedom as the northern colonies but it still did exists
What's an example from the video of how Native American communities were sophisticated.
There were politics with villages sorted into nations and representative councils to make decisions. An example is the tribes that had a complex hierarchy. There were also groups of Native Americans that had a fully developed cultures that include aspects like music, clothing, religon (polytheistic), and art.
New England Challenges for Colonists.
They fought with the Native Americans, They had harsh winters. The English gave them a hard time.
How did climate affect Southern Colonies?
They had a warm summer with mild winter and due to the hot climate it made the colony more accessible to rampant diseases.
Why were southerners subject to less social interaction?
They had large farms Spread out from each other
Where did tribes prosper in North America before colombus and why?
They prospered in farms because they did not have to hunt or travel far for food. They prospered among regions such as Mexico or the Coast, and stayed in these places instead of moving from place to place, so they can grow their own food, since the large animals they usually hunted started disappearing.
Differences between settlers and native Americans with land and property
To Europeans, land was something that could be bought, sold, and owned by an individual. Native people did not see land this way. Because of this, Native groups would exchange land, but in their minds had only given permission to use the lands. land was considered sacred so they would use all of what they took
What export goods helped the Virginia Company to stay in business, as directed by the English, and to stay on "firm Economic Ground" ?
Tobacco became the main export helping the settlers and the English to survive Tobacco helped them make profit
What kind of Cash Crops were there and how did that affect the labor force?
Tobacco: first cash crop cotton, rice, indigo, sugarcane Caused the need for more workers on the farms/plantations bringing indentured servants and slaves
________ is the trade of raw materials from the Americas to Europe, manufactured goods from Europe to Africa, and slaves from Africa to the Americas
Triangular Trade
Origins of Slavery in the United States
began when the first African slaves were brought to Jamestown, Virginia in 1619 to aid with the farming of tobacco.
What efforts do you think the author means when she says " Without the idealistic, strenuous and patriotic efforts of black Americans, our democracy today would most likely look very different"
Without the economy of slavery between the 1600s and late 1700s, the United States would be completely different. "Profits from black people's stolen labor helped the young nation pay off its war debts." This means that because the labor was unpaid, the country was steered into a different direction to where it is now. Slavery had paved the way to where the country is now, in both good and bad ways. Black Americans are the backbone of the nation and they drove the country through the path it is on. I think that the author means all of the efforts she's previously listed, like surviving slavery, building the houses and buildings that our democracy was shaped in, and paving the way for women's rights, LGBTQ+ rights, immigration rights, and disibilitiy rights. Without the work of Black Americans, our legal systems and government would be very different from where they are now. The author may be stating this because African American involvement in both the nations' founding and its reform was and still is much bigger a role than many comprehend. Slavery and its eventual decline brought an era's worth of civil rights movements on an international scale, which opened up more movements in its wake. Diversity campaigns are everywhere now, and America was exposed to unique and world-altering culture changes across the 1900s and even today that never would have happened if the tragedies of 1619 hadn't occurred.
Brown Gold
a high quality tobacco mixture
Mercantilism:
an economic practice of European colonial powers that used colonies for the benefit of the mother country
Joint Stock Companies
businesses formed by groups of people who jointly make an investment and share in the profits and losses the way english colonies were originally funded and maintained once the investors received a charter/permit they would take responsibility for the colony. they would support and maintain the colony and in return receive most profits.
Cash Crops:
crops grown on large farms in large amounts meant for trade, such as tobacco, sugar cane
Europeans brought in __________________________ (The Columbian Exchange)
foods like bananas and coffee; animals like cattle, sheep, pigs and horses; and diseases like smallpox and malaria.
The Columbian Exchange transported ___________
plants, animals, diseases, technologies, and people one continent to another.
Manufactured Goods:
raw materials processed into useful items, like clothing made from cotton or furniture made from wood
Appalachian Mountains
the mountain that acted as a natural barrier keeping the colonies from going further inland
Triangular Trade:
the trade of raw materials from the Americas to Europe, manufactured goods from Europe to Africa and slaves from Africa to the Americas
Columbian Exchange:
the transfer of plants, animals, diseases and people between the Americas and Asia, Africa and Europe
Middle Passage:
the trip slaves were forced to take from Africa to the Americas. Conditions were horrible and many died of disease, starvation and abuse.
Mercantilism explained
this system European colonial powers, led by France, Spain and Great Britain, tried to use their colonies to improve their economies and become self-sufficient. They created colonies in Africa, the Americas, and Asia. The colonies provided raw materials which were then turned into manufactured goods and sold back to the colonies. Under this system, European countries competed with each other for raw materials and new markets. They gained wealth from gold and silver. However, inflation caused by an excess of gold and silver damaged some economies. Some colonies developed economically but they were limited by the mother countries that controlled them.
Crops like _____________________________________________went from the Americas to rest of the world. (The Columbian Exchange)
tobacco, tomatoes, potatoes, corn, cacao, peanuts, and pumpkins
Raw Materials:
unprocessed natural resources such as wood, cotton, food crops, and metals
