U.S. History Test 2

Manifest Destiny

the U.S. was destined by God and history to expand in size, the United States should create a vast new "empire of liberty", the growth of the U.S. was not selfish but altruistic

The Mexican War resulted from

the United States provoking Mexico to fight, a border dispute

The business structure of Standard Oil was a good example of

vertical and horizontal integration

The business structure of Carnegie Steel was a good example of

vertical integration

In 1868, President Andrew Johnson was impeached because he

violated Tenure Office Act, offered political opposition to Radical Republicans, dismissed Edwin Stanton from office,

The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln

was a calamity for the north (created hysteria)

Politically, the Confederate constitution

was almost identical to United States Constitution

During the first half of the nineteenth century, the "cotton kingdom"

was the dominant source of income of the lower south

In the United States, the steel industry first emerged in

western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio

33) In the California gold rush, (regarding who "rushed" (thank you very much) to California to search for gold)

white men

During Reconstruction, most "carpetbaggers" were

white men from the North, mostly veterans from Union army who looked at South as more promising frontier than West

Advocates of the "New South"

promoted southern industry and railroad development

Within the American South, the institution of slavery

created a unique bond between masters and slaves

During Reconstruction, there was a dramatic improvement in Southern

education

By the time of the Civil War, cotton constituted nearly _____%___ of the total export trade of the United States.

66.6%, 2/3

Between 1861 and 1864, the cost of goods in the Confederacy rose by %???????????

9,000%

In 1860, the percentage of the population in the South living in towns (places of 2,500 or more) was

10%

At the end of the Civil War, the number of slaves in the United States was

3.5 million

The 13th Ammendment

Bans slavery

Frederick Douglass..........

Demanded not only freedom but full social and economic equality

Which of the following nineteenth-century leaders is primarily known for her pioneering work in the American feminist movement?

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

During the 1870s and 1880s, most of the immigrants to the United States came from

England, Ireland, and Northern Europe

In the mid-1850s, the struggle over Kansas saw

John Brown murder several pro-slavery settlers

Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses Grant at Appomattox Court House after

Lee recognized the futility of continued fighting

During the 1858 Abraham Lincoln-Stephen Douglas debates, it became clear that Lincoln

Lincoln believed slavery was morally wrong, Lincoln was not an abolitionist, Lincoln did not believe racial equality was feasible at the time (ultimate goal preserving the Union)

In the election of 1860,(regarding the popular vote)

Lincoln had 2/5 of the popular vote

Prior to 1860, the fastest-growing segment in American society was the

Middle class

Following John Brown's 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry, many southerners assumed

North was dominated by people intent on destroying the South

Prior to the Civil War, the religious denomination most active in feminism was the

Quakers

During the late nineteenth century, the growth of large corporations was helped by

Sales of company stock to the public, and "limited liability" laws.

By 1830, Texas....was AWESOME!

Saw the United States unsuccessfully attempt to purchase it

In The Pro-Slavery Argument (1837), John C. Calhoun stated that slavery was...

Slavery was "a good-a positive good."

What Southern defenders of slavery believed:

Southern defenders of slavery believed: southern slaves enjoyed better conditions than northern industrial workers, blacks were inherently unfit to take care of themselves, slavery allowed whites and blacks to live together peacefully, the southern way of life was superior to any other in the world

Edgar Allan Poe's most famous poem, which established him as a major literary figure, was

The Raven

The historian who wrote "The South grew, but did not develop" prior to the Civil War meant

The south had failed to move from an agrarian to an industrial economy

The Pullman strike of 1894

This was a nonviolent strike which brought about a shut down of western railroads, which took place against the Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago in 1894, because of the poor wages of the Pullman workers. It was ended by the president due to the interference with the mail system, and brought a bad image upon unions.

Slave mothers had large families, but death rates among black children were high. True or False?

True

Within the ideology of Manifest Destiny were all the following beliefs EXCEPT that...know Manifest Destiny!

U.S expansion was acceptable so long as it stayed out of Mexico and Canada

The state that was admitted to the Union during the Civil War was

West Virginia

Sexual relationships between white southern men and female slaves was

a common place

Kansas entered the United States

after several southern states had left the Union

The Battle of Vicksburg in 1863

allowed North to split Confederacy in two

In the Confederacy, a military draft

aroused opposition from poorer whites for its expensive substitute policy

The Confederate States of America was formed

before Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated as president

The Knights of Labor

began as a secret fraternal organization

In the late nineteenth century, most American business millionaires

began their careers from a position of wealth

Southern defenders of slavery made all of the following arguments EXCEPT that (know the South's argument for why slavery was a "positive good")

black codes protected slaves from abuse

In naval warfare during the Civil War,

both the Union and Confederate armies developed ironclads

The 1848 Seneca Falls, New York, convention on women's rights

brought forth the "Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions", which stated all men and women are created equal, launched a women suffrage movement that lasted until 1920

Of the following, the most common form of resistance to slavery was

building subtle methods of rebellion into everyday patterns (day-to-day)

In the 1830s and 1840s, abolitionists were divided

by radicals and moderates within their ranks, over whether or not to use violence, by calls for Northern and Southern separation, over the question of female equality

In his 1895 "Atlanta Compromise" speech, Booker T. Washington

called for acceptance of the system of racial segregation

In redefining gender roles, the experimental 1840s Oneida Community

carefully monitored sexual behavior in order to protect women

In most parts of the North, before the Civil War, free blacks could

compete for menial jobs

In 1861, the First Battle of Manassas

confederate victory, realized it would be a long war. Blow to union morale and president's confidence in his officers

In the election of 1860,(regarding how white southerners felt about national politics)

demanded a strong endorsement of slavery

The nineteenth-century reformer Horace Mann believed that education should promote

democracy

The conditions of a slave's life

depended in part on the size of the plantation

President Abraham Lincoln believed the main objective of the Union armies was to

destroy confederate armies

Which of the following technologies was NOT a part of warfare during the Civil War? Know the technologies we talked about)

dynamite

In 1868, Ulysses S. Grant (regarding winning the election)

entered the white house with no political experience

African American soldiers in the Union

experienced a higher mortality rate than white soldiers (had worse conditions to work in)

In the election of 1864, President Abraham Lincoln (regarding who he ran against!!!)

faced a democratic opponent who was a former union general and his former vice president (George B. McClellan)

During the Civil War, "greenbacks" issued by the federal government

fluctuated in value depending on how well the Northern armies were doing

The Compromise of 1850 allowed for the admission of California as a

free state along with a strengthened Fugitive Slave Act

In 1839, 53 Cuban slaves took control of the ship Amistad; after being captured by a United States Revenue Service ship, most of the slaves were

freed

As a result of his 1858 debates with Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln

gained many new supporters outside of Illinois

As a result of the gold rush, by 1850 California

had a very diverse population

The Chinese who came to California during the gold rush

had similar aspirations as the American participants

Prior to 1860, affluent southern white women (did what for a living?)

had similar roles to middle-class white women, lives centered around the home, served as companions and hostesses to husband and nurturing mothers to children, rarely engaged in public activities or got paying jobs

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the working class in the western economy was

highly multiracial, paid higher wages then workers in the East, highly divided among racial lines

Technologies used in Civil War:

hot air balloons, repeating rifles, submarines, torpedoes

During the late nineteenth century, child labor in the United States

increased significantly

In his capacity as commander in chief, President Abraham Lincoln

increased the size of the army without the approval of Congress

The passage of the Fugitive Slave Act

intensified the debate over slavery

The nineteenth-century practice of placing American Indians on reservations was partially designed to

isolate and protect the Indians from white society, help "regenerate" them, and allow them to develop to a point where they could assimilate into white society

The Molly Maguires were a militant

labor union in the coal industry

The Massachusetts court case of Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842) declared that

labor unions are legal organizations and have the right to strike for better wages

The Battle of Antietam in 1862

led Abraham Lincoln to remove George McClellan from command

During the Civil War, in the Confederacy,

many southerners resisted efforts by the Davis government to exert its authority

In 1860, President James Buchanan asserted that (regarding secession)

no state had the constitutional right to secede from the United States, the federal government had no authority to stop a state seceding from the union

As president, Andrew Johnson (regarding Reconstruction)

offered amnesty to southerners who pledged their loyalty to the United States

In the 1850s, in an effort to undercut the Fugitive Slave Act, some northern states

passed laws preventing the deportation of fugitive slaves

Perhaps the single strongest unifying factor of pre-Civil War southern whites was their

perception of white racial superiority

In the late nineteenth century, the popular image of the American West

presented a heroic image of cowboys, perceived the region to be a place offering true freedom, was promoted by the Rocky Mountain School

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

resulted in the deportation of half of the Chinese in the United States.

The rise of the American factory system led to

skilled workingman craft societies

As Republicans planned for Reconstruction, (know the plan of the Radicals!)

sought a range of punishments for white southerners

The effect of Uncle Tom's Cabin on the nation was to

spread the message of abolitionism to an enormous new audience

William Lloyd Garrison believed the abolitionist movement should

stress the damage that slavery did to blacks rather than whites

Prior to the Civil War, free blacks in the North tended to be

strongly opposed to southern slavery

When it came to the issue of the extension of slavery, President James K. Polk favored extension of

the Missouri Compromise line through the new territories of the Pacific Coast banning slavery above the line and permitting it below the line

The elections of 1876 saw

the candidate with the most popular votes not get elected

In the 1890s, the black journalist Ida B. Wells devoted her writing to attacking

the crime of lynching

In the 1860 elections, the political party most deeply divided over slavery was the

the democratic party

In "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," Frederick Jackson Turner claimed

the experience in western expansion had stimulated individualism, nationalism, and democracy; kept opportunities for advancement alive; and made Americans the distinctive people that they were

The political party that came into being largely in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act was the

the republican party

A key to Henry Ford's success in mass production of automobiles was

the use of interchangeable parts

In the South in 1865, as a result of the Civil War (regarding gender)

there were more women than men in most states

The main reason the North made so little military progress in the first two years of the Civil War, despite all of its advantages, was

they were led eratically (poor leadership)

The Chinese from California became the major source of labor for the transcontinental railroad because

they worked for lower wages then whites would accept

Orville and Wilbur Wright's first successful airplane flight in 1903

took place near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina and did not in fact take off by itself

In 1861, President Abraham Lincoln realized that volunteer state militias

would have to do the bulk of fighting for the Union