U.S. History Test 2
Manifest Destiny
the U.S. was destined by God and history to expand in size, the United States should create a vast new "empire of liberty", the growth of the U.S. was not selfish but altruistic
The Mexican War resulted from
the United States provoking Mexico to fight, a border dispute
The business structure of Standard Oil was a good example of
vertical and horizontal integration
The business structure of Carnegie Steel was a good example of
vertical integration
In 1868, President Andrew Johnson was impeached because he
violated Tenure Office Act, offered political opposition to Radical Republicans, dismissed Edwin Stanton from office,
The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln
was a calamity for the north (created hysteria)
Politically, the Confederate constitution
was almost identical to United States Constitution
During the first half of the nineteenth century, the "cotton kingdom"
was the dominant source of income of the lower south
In the United States, the steel industry first emerged in
western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio
33) In the California gold rush, (regarding who "rushed" (thank you very much) to California to search for gold)
white men
During Reconstruction, most "carpetbaggers" were
white men from the North, mostly veterans from Union army who looked at South as more promising frontier than West
Advocates of the "New South"
promoted southern industry and railroad development
Within the American South, the institution of slavery
created a unique bond between masters and slaves
During Reconstruction, there was a dramatic improvement in Southern
education
By the time of the Civil War, cotton constituted nearly _____%___ of the total export trade of the United States.
66.6%, 2/3
Between 1861 and 1864, the cost of goods in the Confederacy rose by %???????????
9,000%
In 1860, the percentage of the population in the South living in towns (places of 2,500 or more) was
10%
At the end of the Civil War, the number of slaves in the United States was
3.5 million
The 13th Ammendment
Bans slavery
Frederick Douglass..........
Demanded not only freedom but full social and economic equality
Which of the following nineteenth-century leaders is primarily known for her pioneering work in the American feminist movement?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
During the 1870s and 1880s, most of the immigrants to the United States came from
England, Ireland, and Northern Europe
In the mid-1850s, the struggle over Kansas saw
John Brown murder several pro-slavery settlers
Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses Grant at Appomattox Court House after
Lee recognized the futility of continued fighting
During the 1858 Abraham Lincoln-Stephen Douglas debates, it became clear that Lincoln
Lincoln believed slavery was morally wrong, Lincoln was not an abolitionist, Lincoln did not believe racial equality was feasible at the time (ultimate goal preserving the Union)
In the election of 1860,(regarding the popular vote)
Lincoln had 2/5 of the popular vote
Prior to 1860, the fastest-growing segment in American society was the
Middle class
Following John Brown's 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry, many southerners assumed
North was dominated by people intent on destroying the South
Prior to the Civil War, the religious denomination most active in feminism was the
Quakers
During the late nineteenth century, the growth of large corporations was helped by
Sales of company stock to the public, and "limited liability" laws.
By 1830, Texas....was AWESOME!
Saw the United States unsuccessfully attempt to purchase it
In The Pro-Slavery Argument (1837), John C. Calhoun stated that slavery was...
Slavery was "a good-a positive good."
What Southern defenders of slavery believed:
Southern defenders of slavery believed: southern slaves enjoyed better conditions than northern industrial workers, blacks were inherently unfit to take care of themselves, slavery allowed whites and blacks to live together peacefully, the southern way of life was superior to any other in the world
Edgar Allan Poe's most famous poem, which established him as a major literary figure, was
The Raven
The historian who wrote "The South grew, but did not develop" prior to the Civil War meant
The south had failed to move from an agrarian to an industrial economy
The Pullman strike of 1894
This was a nonviolent strike which brought about a shut down of western railroads, which took place against the Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago in 1894, because of the poor wages of the Pullman workers. It was ended by the president due to the interference with the mail system, and brought a bad image upon unions.
Slave mothers had large families, but death rates among black children were high. True or False?
True
Within the ideology of Manifest Destiny were all the following beliefs EXCEPT that...know Manifest Destiny!
U.S expansion was acceptable so long as it stayed out of Mexico and Canada
The state that was admitted to the Union during the Civil War was
West Virginia
Sexual relationships between white southern men and female slaves was
a common place
Kansas entered the United States
after several southern states had left the Union
The Battle of Vicksburg in 1863
allowed North to split Confederacy in two
In the Confederacy, a military draft
aroused opposition from poorer whites for its expensive substitute policy
The Confederate States of America was formed
before Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated as president
The Knights of Labor
began as a secret fraternal organization
In the late nineteenth century, most American business millionaires
began their careers from a position of wealth
Southern defenders of slavery made all of the following arguments EXCEPT that (know the South's argument for why slavery was a "positive good")
black codes protected slaves from abuse
In naval warfare during the Civil War,
both the Union and Confederate armies developed ironclads
The 1848 Seneca Falls, New York, convention on women's rights
brought forth the "Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions", which stated all men and women are created equal, launched a women suffrage movement that lasted until 1920
Of the following, the most common form of resistance to slavery was
building subtle methods of rebellion into everyday patterns (day-to-day)
In the 1830s and 1840s, abolitionists were divided
by radicals and moderates within their ranks, over whether or not to use violence, by calls for Northern and Southern separation, over the question of female equality
In his 1895 "Atlanta Compromise" speech, Booker T. Washington
called for acceptance of the system of racial segregation
In redefining gender roles, the experimental 1840s Oneida Community
carefully monitored sexual behavior in order to protect women
In most parts of the North, before the Civil War, free blacks could
compete for menial jobs
In 1861, the First Battle of Manassas
confederate victory, realized it would be a long war. Blow to union morale and president's confidence in his officers
In the election of 1860,(regarding how white southerners felt about national politics)
demanded a strong endorsement of slavery
The nineteenth-century reformer Horace Mann believed that education should promote
democracy
The conditions of a slave's life
depended in part on the size of the plantation
President Abraham Lincoln believed the main objective of the Union armies was to
destroy confederate armies
Which of the following technologies was NOT a part of warfare during the Civil War? Know the technologies we talked about)
dynamite
In 1868, Ulysses S. Grant (regarding winning the election)
entered the white house with no political experience
African American soldiers in the Union
experienced a higher mortality rate than white soldiers (had worse conditions to work in)
In the election of 1864, President Abraham Lincoln (regarding who he ran against!!!)
faced a democratic opponent who was a former union general and his former vice president (George B. McClellan)
During the Civil War, "greenbacks" issued by the federal government
fluctuated in value depending on how well the Northern armies were doing
The Compromise of 1850 allowed for the admission of California as a
free state along with a strengthened Fugitive Slave Act
In 1839, 53 Cuban slaves took control of the ship Amistad; after being captured by a United States Revenue Service ship, most of the slaves were
freed
As a result of his 1858 debates with Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln
gained many new supporters outside of Illinois
As a result of the gold rush, by 1850 California
had a very diverse population
The Chinese who came to California during the gold rush
had similar aspirations as the American participants
Prior to 1860, affluent southern white women (did what for a living?)
had similar roles to middle-class white women, lives centered around the home, served as companions and hostesses to husband and nurturing mothers to children, rarely engaged in public activities or got paying jobs
In the second half of the nineteenth century, the working class in the western economy was
highly multiracial, paid higher wages then workers in the East, highly divided among racial lines
Technologies used in Civil War:
hot air balloons, repeating rifles, submarines, torpedoes
During the late nineteenth century, child labor in the United States
increased significantly
In his capacity as commander in chief, President Abraham Lincoln
increased the size of the army without the approval of Congress
The passage of the Fugitive Slave Act
intensified the debate over slavery
The nineteenth-century practice of placing American Indians on reservations was partially designed to
isolate and protect the Indians from white society, help "regenerate" them, and allow them to develop to a point where they could assimilate into white society
The Molly Maguires were a militant
labor union in the coal industry
The Massachusetts court case of Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842) declared that
labor unions are legal organizations and have the right to strike for better wages
The Battle of Antietam in 1862
led Abraham Lincoln to remove George McClellan from command
During the Civil War, in the Confederacy,
many southerners resisted efforts by the Davis government to exert its authority
In 1860, President James Buchanan asserted that (regarding secession)
no state had the constitutional right to secede from the United States, the federal government had no authority to stop a state seceding from the union
As president, Andrew Johnson (regarding Reconstruction)
offered amnesty to southerners who pledged their loyalty to the United States
In the 1850s, in an effort to undercut the Fugitive Slave Act, some northern states
passed laws preventing the deportation of fugitive slaves
Perhaps the single strongest unifying factor of pre-Civil War southern whites was their
perception of white racial superiority
In the late nineteenth century, the popular image of the American West
presented a heroic image of cowboys, perceived the region to be a place offering true freedom, was promoted by the Rocky Mountain School
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
resulted in the deportation of half of the Chinese in the United States.
The rise of the American factory system led to
skilled workingman craft societies
As Republicans planned for Reconstruction, (know the plan of the Radicals!)
sought a range of punishments for white southerners
The effect of Uncle Tom's Cabin on the nation was to
spread the message of abolitionism to an enormous new audience
William Lloyd Garrison believed the abolitionist movement should
stress the damage that slavery did to blacks rather than whites
Prior to the Civil War, free blacks in the North tended to be
strongly opposed to southern slavery
When it came to the issue of the extension of slavery, President James K. Polk favored extension of
the Missouri Compromise line through the new territories of the Pacific Coast banning slavery above the line and permitting it below the line
The elections of 1876 saw
the candidate with the most popular votes not get elected
In the 1890s, the black journalist Ida B. Wells devoted her writing to attacking
the crime of lynching
In the 1860 elections, the political party most deeply divided over slavery was the
the democratic party
In "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," Frederick Jackson Turner claimed
the experience in western expansion had stimulated individualism, nationalism, and democracy; kept opportunities for advancement alive; and made Americans the distinctive people that they were
The political party that came into being largely in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act was the
the republican party
A key to Henry Ford's success in mass production of automobiles was
the use of interchangeable parts
In the South in 1865, as a result of the Civil War (regarding gender)
there were more women than men in most states
The main reason the North made so little military progress in the first two years of the Civil War, despite all of its advantages, was
they were led eratically (poor leadership)
The Chinese from California became the major source of labor for the transcontinental railroad because
they worked for lower wages then whites would accept
Orville and Wilbur Wright's first successful airplane flight in 1903
took place near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina and did not in fact take off by itself
In 1861, President Abraham Lincoln realized that volunteer state militias
would have to do the bulk of fighting for the Union